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选修8第1单元重点单词

2021-09-10姚琴

考试与评价·高二版 2021年4期
关键词:用词滑动辨析

姚琴

1. elect [I̍lekt] vt.

❶ 选举;推选

elect sb. as / to be... 选某人担任……

He was elected chair of the city council. 他当选为市议会主席。

He was elected as MP for Oxford East. 他被选为牛津东区的议员。

❷ 选择;决定(做某事)

Increasing numbers of people elect to work from home nowadays. 现在越来越多的人选择在家上班。

易混辨析

elect, select, choose与pick

这些动词均含“挑选”之意。elect指按照一定的规章或法律,用投票等方式进行的认真而慎重的选择;也指选择做某事,通常后接动词不定式;select为较正式用词,指经过认真考虑后,从很多的人或物中精选出最好的、最中意的,有时具有庄严、正式的感情色彩;choose指根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行挑选,侧重于被选者的优点或优良特性;pick多指从个人角度仔细挑选,可以是随意或慎重地进行选择,常用于口语。

【试题链接】

Employees from each department will

___ a representative.

Key: elect

2. boom [bu:m]

? vi. 发出隆隆声;快速发展;繁荣;激增

Business is booming. 商业正日趋繁荣。

The tower clock boomed out twelve. 塔楼上的大钟敲了十二下。

❷ vt. 使繁荣;使迅速发展

Foreign investments boomed the city. 国外投资使这个城市迅速繁荣起来。

❸ n. 隆隆声;繁荣;激增

This boom in adult education, in turn, helps to raise the intellectual standard of the whole country. 而成人教育热反过来又促进了整个国家文化水平的提高。

The boom of the 1980s led to a taste for petrol-guzzling cars. 20世纪80年代的经济繁荣促使人们喜欢上高油耗的汽车。

【试题链接】

Thunder ___ in the sky overhead just now.

Key: boomed

3. occur [ə̍kɜ:]

❶ vi. 发生;存在;出现

Frosts often occur in November. 十一月份经常出现霜冻。

There will come a time when the crisis will occur. 危机总有一天会爆发。

occur to被想起

It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me. 我想到可以让人把书寄给我。

The same idea had occurred to Elizabeth. 伊丽莎白也想到了这个主意。

易混辨析

occur, happen与take place

这些动词均含“发生”之意,都是不及物动词或短语,不能用于被动语态。occur为较正式用词,可指意外地发生,也可指意料中的发生;happen常指具体事件的发生,特别指那些偶然的或未能预见事件的发生;take place通常指某事按计划进行或按计划发生。

【试题链接】

The evening party will ___ on New Year’s Eve.

Key: take place

4. indicate [̍IndIkeIt]

❶ vi. 表明;显示

Record profits in the retail market indicate a boom in the economy. 零售市场上有史以来的最高利润显示出经济的突飞猛进。

❷ vt. 象征;暗示

A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day. 夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。

Early results indicate that the government will be returned to power. 早期的结果预示这个政府将重新执政。

❸ vt. 指示;暗示;间接提及;示意

She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us. 她拿出一张地图,给我们指出最快捷的路线。

He indicated where the furniture was to go. 他指示家具要如何摆放。

易混辨析

indicate, mean, imply, represent, denote与signify

这些动词均含“表示……的意思”之意。indicate 指明显的表示;mean为最普通用词。指文字或符号等所表示的各种明确的或含蓄的意义;imply 侧重用文字或符号表示的联想,暗示;represent 指体现或代表;denote 指某一词字面或狭义的意思,或指某些符号或迹象的特指含义;signify 指用文字、说话或表情等表示单纯的意思。

【试题链接】

Our vote ___ a change in United States policy yesterday.

Key: indicated

5. slip [slIp]

❶ vi. 滑;倒;滑落;滑离

She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg. 她在冰上滑倒把腿摔断了。

The fish slipped out of my hand. 鱼从我手里溜掉了。

The child slipped from his grasp and ran off. 他一把没抓牢,让那孩子跑掉了。

The ship slipped into the harbor at night. 船在夜间悄然进港。

❷ vi. 无意中说出;被泄露

His secret has slipped out. 他的秘密被无意中说了出来。

❸ n. [C] 失误;口误;过错;过失;疏漏

Because of a slip by a fellow agent, he was arrested. 因他的伙伴疏忽大意,他遭到逮捕。

There mustn’t be the slightest slip. 不能有一星半點差错。

❹ n. [C] 事故;意外

There’s many a slip. 意外事情很多。

Everyone was expecting a slip-up. 每个人都认为会有意外产生。

易混辨析

slip, glide, slide与skid

这些动词均含“滑动”之意。slip 指不自觉地、偶然地滑动;glide 指自由、顺畅地流动,也指不费力、无声响地滑动;slide 通常多指与光滑表面保持接触并且迅速地连续滑动;skid 侧重指不自主地或失去控制地滑动,特指车轮在结冰或潮湿路面上的滑动,常暗含有危险存在的意味。

【试题链接】

Don’t let the good chance ___.

Key: slip

6. hire [̍haIə]

❶ vt. 雇用

Sixteen of the contestants have hired lawyers and are suing the organizers. 有16名参赛者已经请了律师,正在起诉主办方。

❷ vt. (短期)租用

To hire a car you must produce a passport and a current driving licence. 要想租车,你必须出示护照及有效驾照。

❸ n. 租赁(业);出租(业务)

They booked our hotel, and organized car hire. 他们为我们订好了旅馆并安排了租车事宜。

❹ n. 可供出租

Fishing tackle is available for hire. 有钓具可供出租。

易混辨析

hire, rent与employ

这些动词均含“租用;雇用”之意。hire指按工作量或时间雇用人或租用物;rent指长期租赁土地、房屋等;employ指商店或公司长期雇佣人。

【试题链接】

These firms ___ 90 million people worldwide last year.

Key: employed

7. nowhere [̍nəʊweə]

❶ adv. 任何地方都不(not anywhere)

I’m going nowhere until you are back. 你回来之前我哪儿都不去。

Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet beautiful place. 世界上再没有这样优美、恬静的地方了。

❷ n. 无处

We could find nowhere to park the car. 我们找不到地方停车。

from / out of nowhere 不知来自哪里

He came from out of nowhere into national fame. 他从默默无闻一下子变成举国闻名。

get / lead nowhere没有结果

Such methods will get you nowhere. 这些方法将不会产生结果。

【试题链接】

This animal is found in Australia, and

___ else.

Key: nowhere

8. reform [rI̍fɔ:m]

❶ vt. & vi. 改革;改过自新

The criminal has promised to reform. 这名罪犯许诺要改过自新。

❷ n. [C] & [U] 改革;改造

She later fought for women’s rights and social reform. 她后来为了妇女权利和社会改革而奋斗。

派生詞

❶ reformer n. 改革家

He is a militant reformer. 他是一名激进的改革家。

❷ reformation n. 改进;革新

He devoted his energies to the reformation of science. 他致力于科学的革新。

易混辨析

reform 和 transform

这两个动词均含“改革;改变;改造”之意。reform指除恶扬善、弃旧图新,使变得完美,多用于社会、政治、经济方面,如体制、法律、机构等的改革;transform 指既改变外部形体,又改

变内部性质或功能。

【试题链接】

These ___ were in the best interests of local government.

Key: reforms <P:\ts02\2021\《考试与评价》高二专刊2021年第4期\文章角标.tif>

1. What room has no walls, no doors, no windows, and no floors?

2. What is smaller than an insect’s mouth?

3. What large instrument do you carry in your ears?

4. What’s too much for one, just right for two, but nothing at all for three?

5. What person tried to make you smile most of the time?

6. What can hear you without ears and can answer you without a mouth?

7. What question can you never answer “yes” to?

Key:

1. A mushroom.

2. Anything it eats.

3. Drums, that is eardrums.

4. A secret.

5. A photographer.

6. An echo.

7. Are you asleep?

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