定语从句精讲
2021-09-10李建高
李建高
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。初中阶段主要考查由关系代词that, which, who/whom等引导的定语从句,现结合近年来全国各地中考试题讲解如下:
1. —Do you know Li Ziqi?—Of course. She is a beautiful girl has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way oflife.(2020山东滨州)
A. whose B. where C. which D. who
【答案与解析】D 句意:——你知道李子柒吗?——当然知道,她是一个美丽的女孩,她制作了许多视频来展示中国传统的生活方式。先行词girl是人,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语,故关系代词选用who。
2. Our teacher told us a funny story made us laugh.(2020广西北部湾)
A. when B. which C. who D. whom
【答案与解析】B 句意:老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事,它让我们都笑了。先行词story是物,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语,故关系代词选用which。
3. —What are you looking for?—I’m looking for the dictionary my brother gave me last month.(2020辽宁营口)
A. that B. what C. who D. whom
【答案与解析】A 句意:——你在找什么?——我正在找我哥哥上个月给我的词典。先行词dic⁃tionary是物,且关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,故关系代词选用that。
4. —What are you doing?
—We are talking about the books and writers we like.(2019贵州铜仁)
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
【答案与解析】A 句意:——你们在干什么?——我们正在谈论我们喜欢的书和作者。先行词thebooks and writers是人和物,故关系代词只能用that。
使用关系代词时,我们还要注意以下几点:
⑴ 关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。
5. I want a mobile phone which good pictures.(2020甘肃金昌)
A. took B. is taking C. takes D. take
【答案与解析】C 句意:我想要一部拍精美照片的手机。关系代词which在从句中作主语,先行词mobile phone为单数可数名词,故从句谓语用第三人称单数形式takes。
⑵ 当先行词是all, anything, something, nothing, everything等不定代词时,或者当先行词被形容词的最高级、序数词或the last, the only等修饰时,关系代词只能用that。
6. —Have you got ready for the soccer game?—Yes, I’ve done everything I can to win the game.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)
A. who B. that C. which
【答案与解析】B 先行词everything是不定代词,故关系代词只能用that。
7. —What are they talking about?
—They are talking about the greatest inventions have made a big difference to our daily life.
(2020黑龙江哈尔滨)
A. which B. who C. that
【答案与解析】C 先行词inventions是物,且其前有形容詞最高级the greatest修饰,故关系代词只能用that。
8. —Tomorrow is Father’s Day. What’s your surprise for your father?
—The first thing I will do is to make a card for him.(2019湖北黄石)
A. who B. where C. whose D. that
【答案与解析】D 先行词thing是物,且其前有序数词first修饰,故关系代词只能用that。
⑶ 关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,有时可以省略。但当“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句时,关系代词不能省略且只能用which或whom。
9. The house in Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.(2020黑龙江牡丹江)
A. which B. where C. that
【答案与解析】A 句意:鲁迅故居如今是一个博物馆。先行词house是物,且关系代词在定语从句中作介词in的宾语,故关系代词只能用which。
10. —Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.
—He is a great astronaut of ______ all the Chinese are proud.(2017湖北鄂州)
A. that B. whose C. who D. whom
【答案与解析】D 句意:——请告诉我有关杨利伟的一些事。——他是一位伟大的宇航员,所有中国人都以他为傲。先行词astronaut是人,且关系代词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故关系代词只能用whom。