近50年新乡城乡气温变化特征及热岛效应的研究

陈雅轩

摘 要：城市热岛效应即城市的高温化，是由于人为原因，建筑物和道路等高蓄热体及绿地减少，改变了城市地表的温度、湿度、空气对流等，从而引起城市气候变化的现象，是城市气候最明显的特点之一。本文应用新乡站以及相邻的卫辉站、延津站分别作为城市站和乡村站，应用这三站近50年的逐日气温资料，采用统计分析的方法，研究城乡气温变化特征中的日、季、年等时间分布特征，以及两地气候变化特征及其周期性、阶段性的发展是否影响了城乡气温变化以及是否造成了明显的城市升温及显著“热岛效应”等问题。分别从城乡气温差值、城、乡气温年际变化、冬季的城市热岛强度指标和气温日较差的城市热岛强度指标四个方面展开研究，结果表明：近50年新乡市城乡气温差值有明显加大的趋势，表明城市热岛效应越来越显著，且气候变暖主要是冬季升温的贡献。

关键词：热岛效应;城乡;气温;热岛强度;城市发展

中图分类号：X16    文献标识码：A     文章编号：1003-5168（2021）21-0097-05

Study on the Characteristics of Urban and Rural Temperature Change and Heat Island Effect in Xinxiang in Recent 50 Years

CHEN Yaxuan

（Yuanyang Meteorological Bureau， Yuanyang Henan 453500）

Abstract： Urban heat island effect refers to the high temperature of the city. It is one of the most obvious characteristics of urban climate because of the decrease of high heat storage bodies and green space， such as buildings and roads， which change the surface temperature， humidity， air convection and so on. In this paper， Xinxiang station and adjacent Weihui station and Yanjin station used as urban station and rural station respectively. Based on the daily temperature data of three stations in recent 50 years， and the method of the statistical analysis is used to analysis the characteristics of daily temporal distribution， seasonal and chronological temperature change characteristics in urban and rural areas are studied. Further， it is study that whether the characteristics of climate change， as well as the periodic development affect the urban and rural temperature change， whether it causes obvious urban warming and significant "heat island effect". This paper studied the urban-rural temperature difference， the interannual variation of urban and rural temperature， the urban heat island intensity index in winter and the urban heat island intensity index of daily temperature difference. The results show that the temperature difference between urban and rural areas in Xinxiang city has increased significantly in recent 50 years， indicating that the urban heat island effect is more and more significant. The climate warming is mainly the contribution of winter warming.

Keywords： heat island effect; urban and rural areas; temperature; heat island intensity; urban development

新鄉市地处河南省北部，属中原地区，北依太行，南临黄河，地理坐标为东经113°23′—115°01′，北纬34°53′—35°50′，紧邻省会郑州，是豫北地区重要的交通枢纽城市和中原地区重要的商品粮与工业基地。近半个世纪，新乡市城市规模不断扩大，城市化进程的不断推进，对区域气候的影响日益明显。城乡气温变化特征与城市规模、人口密度、工业化进程等因素密切相关，随着新乡城市化进程的不断推进，众多建筑拔地而起，造成城市下垫面改变，工业化的迅速发展释放有害气体和粉尘，使原有的区域气候发生改变。