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选修8第3单元重点单词

2021-09-10周敏欣

考试与评价·高二版 2021年5期
关键词:考题辨析

周敏欣

1. seize [si?z] vt.

? 抓住;捉住

He seized her by the arm. 他抓住她的胳膊。

? 夺取;攻占;控制

They seized the airport in a surprise attack. 他们突袭攻占了机场。

? 逮捕;捉拿;俘获

The thief was seized and turned over to a police station. 小偷被逮捕,并被送至警察局。

? 起获;没收;扣押

A large quantity of drugs was seized during the raid. 在这次突击行动中起获了大量毒品。

seize on / upon sth. 意识到某事物而立即加以利用

The rumors were eagerly seized upon by the local press. 当地报纸迫不及待地对这些传闻加以炒作。

seize up (指开动着的机器) 停止运转;发生故障

Your engine will seize up if you dont put some more oil in. 你再不加些润滑油,发动机就要卡住了。

易混辨析seize, arrest, capture, catch与trap

这些动词均有“抓住、捕捉”之意。seize侧重指突然、有力地抓住或捉住;arrest指根据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留;capture指通过武力或计谋等,战胜并捉住敌人或动物;catch是普通用词,指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物,一般指活捉;trap多指诱捕。

【考题链接】 The men were         as they left the building.

答案:seized

2. file [faIl]

? [C] 文件夹;卷宗;档案

A stack of files awaited me on my desk. 我桌上有一堆文件正待我去处理。

? [C] (计算机的)文件

Every file on the same disk must have a different name. 同一磁盘上的每一个文件都必须有不同的文件名。

? vt. 提交;发送

A number of them have filed formal complaints against the police. 他们中的许多人都对警方提出了正式控告。

? vt. 将……归档

When at home, most evenings would be spent reading, cutting up and filing away his photographs. 他晚上在家时,经常都是在看书或剪切和归类他的照片。

on file 存档;归档

We have all your particulars on file. 我们已把你所有资料存档。

in single file一路纵队;单行

They made their way in single file along the cliff path. 他们一个跟着一个沿悬崖小径前行。

【考题链接】 There are a couple more         to read first.

答案:files

3. bear [be?(r)]

? [C] 熊

Polly was playing with her teddy bear. 波莉正在玩她的泰迪熊。

? vt. 忍受;忍耐

They will have to bear the misery of living in constant fear of war. 他们不得不忍受长期生活在战争恐惧中的痛苦。

? vt. 负担;承担

If there is anything wrong, you have to bear the responsibility. 如果出现问题,你就得承担责任。

? vt. 开(花);结(果)

As the plants grow and start to bear fruit they will need a lot of water. 當植物生长并开始结果的时候,它们需要大量的水。

like a bear with a sore head 易怒的;脾气坏的

When hes just woken up, he is like a bear with a sore head. 他刚睡醒时,非常暴躁。

bring sth. to bear (on sb. / sth.) 把精力用于;对……施加压力(或影响等)

We must bring all our energies to bear on the task. 我们必须全力以赴不辱使命。

bear with sb. / sth. 耐心对待;容忍

If you will bear with me a little longer, Ill answer your question. 你如果能耐心点听我把话说完,我会回答你的问题的

派生词bearable adj. 可忍受的;经得住的

The climate is bearable. 这种气候尚可忍受。

易混辨析bear, endure, stand, tolerate与put up with

这组词都有“忍受,忍耐”之意。bear强调忍受者的坚韧;endure比较正式,尤指忍受大的、持久的困难、痛苦、灾祸,常用于否定意义的句子中;stand意为“忍受,顶住”,多用于口语中,常用于否定句中,若用于肯定句,则意为“不屈不挠、经受得起”;tolerate意为“容忍”,语气较前几个词弱;put up with与tolerate意义相近,有“不计较、将就”之意,多用于口语。

【考题链接】 He can't         being laughed at.

答案:bear

4. tap [t?p]

? [C] (水)龙头

She turned on the taps. 她打开了那些龙头。

? [C] 轻轻地敲击(……声)

He felt a tap on his shoulder and turned round. 他觉得有人轻轻拍他的肩膀便转过身来。

? vt. 轻打;轻拍;轻敲

Someone tapped at the door.有人轻轻叩门。

? vt. (在电话上) 安装窃听器;窃听

He was convinced his phone was being tapped. 他确信自己的电话正被人窃听。

on tap 现成的;随时可获得的

Filtered water is always on tap, making it very convenient to use. 随时打开龙头都有过滤水,用起来很方便。

【考题链接】 She felt a light         on her shoulder.

答案:tap

5. distinguish [dI?stIwI?]

? vt. 显示……的差别;使有所不同

What was it that distinguished her from her classmates? 是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢?

? vt. 区分;辨别;分清

It was hard to distinguish one twin from the other. 很难分辨出一对双胞胎谁是谁。

? vt. 使出众;使著名;使受人青睐

She has already distinguished herself as an athlete. 作为运动员她已享有盛名。

? vi. 区别;辨别

People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be color-blind. 不能分辨颜色的人被称为色盲。

distinguish A from B 分辨;区别

Can he distinguish right from wrong? 他能分辨是非吗?

派生词 ? distinguishable adj. 可辨认的;可辨识的

The coast was barely distinguishable in the mist. 在雾中很难看清海岸。

? distinguished adj. 卓越的;杰出的;(外表或举止上)有尊严的;高贵的

She is a distinguished novelist and philosopher. 她是一个杰出的小说家和哲学家。

易混辨析distinguish, discern与discriminate

这些动词均有“区别、辨别”之意。distinguish是普通用词,指辨别者的能力或实际观察到的区别,强调辨别所需的技巧;discern语义较笼统,着重精深与准确的观察力,不一定有能分辨关系密切的各项事物的含义;discriminate语气较强,指从十分相似的事物中辨出差异,尤其把好坏区分开来。

【考题链接】 Its important to         fact from fiction.

答案:distinguish

6. associate [??s??sIeIt]

? vt. 联想;联系

I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood. 一闻到烘烤食物的味道我就想起了童年。

associate sb. / sth. with sb. / sth. 将(人或事物)联系起来

Whisky is usually associated with Scotland. 人们常把威士忌和苏格兰联系起来。

? vt. 交往;(尤指)混在一起

I don't like you associating with those people. 我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。

? vt. 表明支持;表示同意

I have never associated myself with political extremism. 我从来不赞同政治上的极端主义。

? adj. 非正式的;准的;副的

Mr. Lin is associate director of the Institute 林先生是研究所的副所长。

? [C] 同伴;伙伴

They are associates in crime. 他们是共犯。

派生词 association [U] 联合;联系;联盟

His English improved enormously because of his association with British people. 因为他和英国人有往来,所以他的英语突飞猛进。

易混辨析associate, companion, comrade, colleague, fellow与partner

这些名词均有“同事、伙伴”之意。associate是普通用词,侧重指在利害关系上密切相关;companion指陪伴他人的人,即同伴或陪伴;comrade指具有共同的事业、利益关系相一致的人;colleague一般用于对同事的正式称呼,基本上专用在职业关系上;fellow多用复数形式,指一块居住、生活或同行共事的人;partner指事业中处于合伙关系的人,或指婚姻、游戏、跳舞中的另一方。

【考题链接】 Our         with him goes back four years.

答案:association

7. practical [?pr?ktIkl] adj.

? 实际的;真实的;客观存在的

There are some obvious practical applications of the research. 这项研究中有一些明显的实际用途。

? (意见和方法)切实有效的;可行的

It wouldnt be practical for us to go all that way just for the weekend. 我们跑那么远只为了去度个周末实在很不切实际。

for (all) practical purposes事实上;其实

The sale was supposed to last for a week, but for all practical purposes it's over. 減价销售原计划持续一周,但事实上已经结束了。

派生词 ? practically adv. 实事求是地;实际地

She solved the problem very practically. 她很实事求是地解决了这个问题。

? practicality [U] 现实性;实用性

He questioned the practicality of the proposal. 他对该建议的可行性表示怀疑。

【考题链接】 She offered me         assistance with my research.

答案:practical

8. identification [aI?dentIfI?keI?n] n.

? [U, C] 鉴定;辨认

Each product has a number for easy identification. 每件产品都有编码以便于识别。

Only one witness could make a positive identification. 只有一位目击者能够明确指认。

? [U] 确认;确定

The early identification of children with special educational needs is very important. 早期确认儿童有特殊教育需求很重要。

? [U] 身份证明

Can I see some identification, please? 请出示任何身份证件好吗?

派生词identify v.

? vt. 确认;验明

Identify how the incident occurred. 确认事故如何发生。

? vi. 一致;成为一致

I identified with the heroine of the novel. 我与小说中的那个女主人公感同身受。

【考题链接】 Now that the problem has been         , appropriate action can be taken.

答案:identified

10. innocent [?In?snt] adj.

? 无辜的;清白的;无罪的

They have imprisoned an innocent man. 他们监禁了一名无辜的男子。

? 天真无邪的;纯真的

They seemed so young and innocent. 他们看起来如此少不更事。

派生词 innocently adv. 故作天真地;佯装无知地

I caught Chrissie's eye, but she only smiled back at me innocently. 我与克丽茜对视了一眼,但她只是一脸天真地对我微笑。

【考题链接】 She smiled at me         when she saw me.

答案:innocently

11. abrupt [??br?pt] adj.

? 突然的;意外的

The bus came to an abrupt halt. 公共汽车突然停了下来。

I don't know the cause of his abrupt leave. 我不知道他突然离去的原因。

an abrupt bend 急转弯

Here the river takes an abrupt bend to the west. 这条河在这里急转向西流去。

? (言语、行为等) 粗鲁的,唐突的,莽撞的,生硬的

Sorry, I didn't mean to be so abrupt. 对不起,我不是故意这样无礼的。

an abrupt manner唐突的举止

Alan was a little taken aback by her abrupt manner. 她鲁莽的态度让艾伦感到有些吃惊。

派生词 ? abruptly adv. 突然地,意外地

She left the room abruptly without explanation. 她未作解释就突然离开了房间。

? abruptness n. 突然,意外

The abruptness of her appearance at the meeting surprised us all. 她在会议上突然出现使我们吃了一惊。

【考题链接】 She always sounds         on the telephone.

答案:abrupt

12. convenient [k?n?vi?ni?nt]

? adj. 便利的,方便的

Please do this job at your convenience. 请在你方便的时候做这项工作。

Will 3 o'clock be convenient for you? 三点钟对你方便吗?

? adj. 合适的

We must arrange a convenient time and place for the seminar. 我们必须为这次研讨会安排一个合适的时间和地点。

派生词 ? inconvenient adj. 不方便的

Its very inconvenient to have to wait so long. 等这么久很麻烦。

? convenience n. 便利,有益,方便的用具、机械、安排

It was a great convenience to have the school so near. 学校这么近真是太方便了。

for convenience 为方便起见

For convenience, the two groups have been treated as one in this report. 为方便起见,这两个组在本报告中被视为一组。

【考题链接】 Will it be         for you to start work tomorrow?

答案:convenient

13. discovery [dI?sk?v?rI] n.

? 发现,发觉;(剧情的)发展;被发现的事物

I'm reading about a new discovery in medical science. 我正在读一篇有关医药科学的新发现的文章。

His discoveries included 300 uses for peanuts and 200 uses for sweet potatoes. 他的发现包括300种花生的用途和200种白薯的用途。

The discovery of oil on their land made the people rapidly rich. 石油的发现使当地人迅速富裕起来。

易混辨析:discover與invent

这两个动词都有“发现”之意。Discover侧重指“发现;发觉”,而invent侧重指“发明,创造”。

14. prove [pru?v] v.

? vt. 证明;证实

He has proved his courage in battles. 他已在战斗中证明了自己的勇气。

Time would prove me (to be) right. 时间会证明我是对的。

? vi. 原来(是);证明(是)

The method proved (to be) highly effective. 这个方法被证明是非常有效的。

【考题链接】 In the light of later events the decision was         right.

答案:proved

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