乐清龙档：来自民间 飞向世界

刘凡力 林蔚然

乐清西乡一带有元宵节划龙船的传统习俗，《乐清县志》曾对乐清元宵节龙档活动有过生动的描写：“社里笙歌达旦，通衢剪彩，与众共赏，与民同乐。”乐清龙档活动在娱乐的同时，也寄托了人们对未来生活的美好憧憬。

乐清龙档取材于樟木、榆树等，全档采用了圆雕、透雕、镂雕、浮雕等雕刻技法，并结合油漆、贴金、彩绘、竹编、刺绣等多种工艺门类，使龙档更显得规律、整齐而辉煌，再在上面装插各色戏文雕刻、灯笼、彩旗和响铃，使其更具观赏性和细节之美。

黄德清是黄氏龙档的第三代传人，耄耋之年的他，与木头打了一辈子交道，从事乐清龙档也有40余年。在创作的过程中，他始终保持着专注和沉静，仿佛万千世界此刻都已离他而去，唯余手中的作品与他灵魂相通。由于龙档设计的工艺门类众多，制作龙档并不容易，它要求制作人对各种工艺都有所涉猎。而且龙档全身环环相扣，有一个地方不符合要求，就会导致整体的观感下降。但黄德清从未想过放弃，从来都是心平气和、一丝不苟地一步步完成龙档的制作。当流光溢彩的龙档以绝美的身姿呈现在世人眼前时，黄德清就觉得一切的辛苦都值得。

二十一世纪以来，乐清龙档逐渐走进了国民的视野，更是“飞”出国门走向世界。2007年，乐清龙档在法国巴黎联合国教科文组织总部举行的中国非物质文化遗产艺术节上展出时，现场观众无不为其金碧辉煌的外观和高超奇巧的技艺所折服，真切感受到了中华文化的独特魅力。

Yueqing Dragon Stall

By Liu Fanli Lin Weiran

Local people in Wenzhous Yueqing county have long observed the tradition of carrying dragon stalls in festive processions during the Lanten festival， which falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month. On that day， “songs and music are played throughout the night， and various paper cuttings are plastered all along the main road， appreciated and enjoyed by the general public，” according to Annals of Yueqing County.Dragon stalls or “stool board dragons” take camphor trees and elm trees as raw materials. ?ey are made through such carving techniques as round carving， openwork carving， relief and embossment. The stalls are usually painted with gold lacquer，and then decorated with various kinds of carvings， lanterns， colored flags and bells.

As a third-generation heir of the “Huangs Dragon Stall”， Huang Deqing， already into his eighties， has been practicing the craft for over 40 years. When he creates dragon stalls， Huang is always focused and calm， as if the whole world has “deserted” him at the moment， and only the works in his hands are connectedwith his soul. ?anks to the myriad of skills and techniques required， making dragon stalls is no easy task. As the body of the dragon stall is closely interlinked， one place that does not meet the requirements will result in a lowering of the overall quality. But the thought of giving up has never crossed Huangs mind. When the splendid dragon stall is finished and presented in font of the public， Huang Deqing feels all the hard work is worth it.In the 21st century， Yueqing dragon stalls have become not only a nationally recognized cultural heritage; they have also stepped onto the international stage. During the 2007 China Intangible Cultural Heritage Art Festival， held in the UNESCO headquarters in Paris， the audience were highly impressed by their magni?cent appearance and exquisite craftsmanship， and truly tasted the unique charm of Chinese culture.