向世界讲述“丝绸之路”

徐露路

“丝绸之路周”已成为一个热词，它为何能引发国内外文化遗产界的热烈反响？从展览展出的丝绸之路沿线的珍贵遗存，又能读出怎样的历史内涵和文化信息？在当下，我们又该如何唤起丝绸之路的崭新活力？ 这是本期特别策划的初衷和期望。

丝绸是“丝绸之路”的原动力

丝绸之路的起点在长安（今西安），为何浙江要牵头举办“丝绸之路周”？

面对这一话题，“丝绸之路周”的活动主策划、执行承办方——中国丝绸博物馆馆长赵丰是这样回答的：“虽然西安是丝绸之路理论上的起点，但是杭州丝绸的起源非常早。汉唐之际特别是在中唐之后，中国丝绸生产的重心就移到了这里。宋元之际，南方政治、经济，包括对海外的交通，各方面都越来越发达，浙江便成为丝绸之路对外贸易的重要节点。”

赵丰是浙江省特级专家、文化和旅游部文化名家。在他看来，丝绸在今天的“一带一路”上依旧扮演着独特的角色，承办“丝绸之路周”，是凸显浙江元素、彰显中国特色，同时也是一种国际表达。

诚然，在中国的对外文化交流历史上，丝绸发挥着独特和重要的作用，“丝绸之路”中的两个关键词，一个是丝绸，一个是路，前者在其中起到了原动力的作用。而浙江文化兼收并蓄、传承创新，有着强大的包容性和生命力，以及鲜明的人文品格和地域特色。

丝绸之路的历史实践自中国始，但“丝绸之路”的名称是德国地理学家李希霍芬提出的，并最终在2014年6月22日被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产。也正因如此，赵丰曾提议将该日定为“国际丝绸之路日”。他希望，在未来每年的这一天里，不同的国家和地区、不同的行业都能共同为丝绸之路做文化、经济等领域的宣传与推广。

循着这一初衷，“丝绸之路周”面世，赵丰带领中国丝绸博物馆和众多同业机构开始探索线上线下同步、境内境外联动的浙江对外合作交流的新局面，从而架起中外文化交流、增进人民友谊的桥梁。

一曲广泛参与的交响乐

“丝绸之路周”乃至“一带一路”的对外交流，不只是浙江的事，也不仅是中国的事。它不是独奏曲，更像是交响乐、协奏曲。

“2021丝绸之路周”活动，虽然主办方为国家文物局、浙江省人民政府，但是承办方却囊括了众多部门和机构，国际丝路之绸研究联盟、丝绸之路文物科技联盟、中国博物馆协会丝绸之路沿线博物馆专业委员会、国际丝绸联盟、中国蚕桑丝织技艺保护联盟、国际古迹遗址理事会西安国际保护中心、浙江万里学院（宁波海上丝绸之路研究院）、陕西历史博物馆、甘肃省博物馆、福建博物院等机构承办了活动的部分内容。

在活动覆盖范围和各方联动方面，不仅仅有在中国丝绸博物馆举行的主场开幕式，同时还在陕西西安、甘肃兰州和福建福州三地设立分会场，与主场连线直播;陕西历史博物馆馆长侯宁彬、甘肃省博物馆馆长贾建威、福建博物院院长吴志跃作为分会场代表与中国丝绸博物馆馆长赵丰采用“飞花令”的形式进行连线互动。同期，在法国、意大利、比利时等地也举行了形式多样的宣传推广活动，实现了国内外联动。

活动更是亮点频出。6月24日，“2021丝绸之路周”闭幕式在宁波万里学院（海上丝绸之路研究院）举行，丝路进校园等各种形式的学术与科普活动也同时开展，从线上到线下，深度解析，鲜活讲述，精彩呈现，带领公众领略丝路精神精髓，帮公众解读丝绸之路文化遗产的无穷魅力。

值得一提的是，“丝绸之路周”发布的《2020年度丝绸之路文化遗产年报》和“穿越之合：敦煌研究院和中国丝绸博物馆联名文创”，启动的丝绸之路数字博物馆、“万物生灵：丝绸之路上的动物与植物”展览，拓展了“丝绸之路周”的宽度和深度，实现了数字丝绸之路的外在展示。

整个展览周期内，各地各类活动精彩纷呈，举办了主题展览、线上直播、视频分享、填彩游戏和线下学术论坛、研讨会、讲座等，并通过各大媒体平台加强线上传播力度与各文博机构的互动性与联动性，逐步将本届“丝绸之路周”打造成为年度文化热潮。

国内外文博机构共述“丝路故事”

这场展览不仅能看还能闻。

“2021絲绸之路周”主题展览“万物生灵：丝绸之路上的动物与植物”汇聚了国内14家文博机构和企业的文物精品和展品，以丝路上的生物多样性和交流为切入口，根据文献考证，结合考古出土文物和自然动植物标本（包括香料），诠释由这些外来动植物所构建的从生活享乐、物质文明到精神文化多维立体的文化交融环境，再现“丝路改变生活”这一主题。

“我们把文物、动物标本、气味还有场景结合到一起，不仅能用眼睛看，还能用鼻子闻，这是一场‘有味道的展览。”中国丝绸博物馆“万物生灵”执行策展人徐铮，提到为展览特设的气味电影院，“我们自编自演，专门为展览做了一个剧本，通过把丝绸之路上传播来的食物和香料串联在故事里呈现给大家，在气味电影院，把气味发射器的设备戴在脖子上，就可以根据剧情发展闻到电影里面的一些味道。比如电影中讲到菠菜就会闻到菠菜的味道，讲到了肉豆蔻就会闻到肉豆蔻的味道”。

此外，“2021丝绸之路周”活动期间，杭州主场先后召开了丝绸之路博物馆馆长论坛、丝绸之路策展人研修班、中国敦煌吐鲁番学会特别年会，同时举办“纺织考古一百年”展、“丝巾上的丝绸之路”展、“丝路摄影展”、户外丝路生灵纤维艺术展等系列配套展览。除杭州主场系列活动外，“2021年丝绸之路周”期间，国内外相关机构紧密围绕“多元共存和包容发展”主题，先后开展文物海报接力、石窟寺探秘直播、遗产点亮丝路、丝路文化进校园、“赢一张机票来中国”填彩活动等，为公众送上精彩纷呈的文化大餐。

闭幕式上，宁波诺丁汉大学、浙江宁波英伦外籍人员子女学校、浙江万里学院的外籍师生代表和来自美国、摩洛哥、印度的相关公司代表都应邀参加。

宁波是中国东南沿海重要的港口城市，长三角南翼的经济中心和国家历史文化名城。如今的宁波镌刻着古代海上丝绸之路留下的文化烙印，通过在宁波举行“2021丝绸之路周”闭幕式，共谋丝绸之路建设的学术交流、人才培养和智库支持等，将继续把这座港城建设成为海外了解中国传统文化的重要平台。

“丝绸之路周”期间，国外相关行业专家代表也发来视频致辞，他们分别是巴基斯坦伯利马赛克中心馆长赫勒敦 · 巴布勒，拉脱维亚艺术家、拉脱维亚工商联合会驻中国浙江官方代表楚希吉以及大埃及博物館文物保护专家哈斯南 · 穆罕默德。

百花齐放的数字化成果

“丝绸之路周”是国内外围绕同一主题活动，以弘扬丝路精神为主旨，各类线下公众活动百花齐放的一次文化盛典。

“丝绸之路周”是从人类历史文化的已有成果出发，由中国文化遗产界创意和主导、社会各界参与和实施，与丝绸之路沿线国家和地区形成互动，在国际社会中发出中国声音并产生良性影响的长久性年度国际人文交流活动，旨在高举丝绸之路的旗帜，沿着“一带一路”的网络，为建设人类命运共同体作出努力。

“2021丝绸之路周”是以丝绸之路文化为核心的学术文化、交流项目与研究成果的一次集中展示，百余家来自世界各地的文博单位和文化机构共同参与，许多博物馆都推出了“云展览”“数字展厅”。

中国丝绸博物馆还推出丝绸之路周网站，汇总和收录“丝绸之路周”期间的所有活动预告、新闻资料和交流合作成果。同时，微信端上线“丝绸之路周小程序”，及时更新和展示“丝绸之路周”期间的活动和新闻，发布直播提醒，存档活动的照片与视频，为手机客户端的观众提供更直接的信息获取方式。

《2020年度丝绸之路文化遗产年报》从全球范围内遴选上一年度在丝绸之路研究领域取得的重要成果，并邀请30多位文化遗产领域的国际专家学者组成遗产年报专家团队，对这些成果进行综述、推荐与点评。发布内容包括“2020丝绸之路十大考古发现”“2020丝绸之路十大展览”“2020丝绸之路十大学术专著”以及“2020丝绸之路十大文化事件”。

全球首家丝绸之路云上博物馆由全球40余家知名博物馆及文化机构共同参与。云上博物馆以共建共享为原则，建设集“数字藏品”“数字展览”“数字知识”与“云上策展”于一体的共享平台，“云上策展”功能对全球开放，合作博物馆可在“数字藏品”资源库内精选藏品，策划、设计与呈现特定的主题展览，引领丝路研究的全球合作方向。它将成为一张具有鲜明浙江文化符号标识的对外传播金名片，成为弘扬丝路精神的最生动的创新性实践。

Telling the “Silk Road” Story to the World

By Xu Lulu

Mountains， rivers， deserts， seas... these natural barriers have invariably been confining human beings to a relatively closed geographical environment since time immemorial. However， they have never truly blocked the human desire to communicate.

Once there was a road that crossed mountains and deserts to connect ancient China with neighboring countries and the West. For the silk trade that had been going on along the route， the road was named the “Silk Road”.

In Hangzhou， an important birthplace of silk， the 2021 Silk Road Week held its opening ceremony at China National Silk Museum on June 18. Officials from Chinas National Cultural Heritage Administration， the Peoples Government of Zhejiang Province， UNESCO Beijing Office， foreign diplomats and experts from cultural institutions and museums and universities all across the country attended the opening ceremony. Over 20 institutions， including UNESCO， the Shanghai Cooperation Organization， University Alliance of the Silk Road， the British Museum， among others， sent their congratulatory letters. Three major exhibitions， Creation from Creature： Plants and Animals on the Silk Road， Silk Roads on Silk Scarves and Photo Exhibition on the Silk Road also opened to the public.

The ancient Silk Road started at Changan （Xian city in Shaanxi province）， so why is the Silk Road Week held in Zhejiang？ “Although the city of Xian is considered the starting point of the Silk Road， Hangzhou began producing silk much earlier，” said Zhao Feng， director of the China National Silk Museum， and the brains behind the Silk Road Week. Indeed， silk has played a unique and important role in the history of Chinas cultural exchanges with other countries， Zhao said. “During Tang dynasty （618-907）， especially the latter stages， Chinas production center of silk already moved here. Then， in the Song （960-1279） and Yuan （1206-1368） dynasties， as the south grew more developed politically and economically， including overseas transportation， Zhejiang became a key point for foreign trade along the Silk Road.

Interestingly， when “Silk Roads： The Routes Network of Changan-Tian Shan Corridor” was approved by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site， Zhao Feng proposed to designate the day as the “International Silk Road Day”， which he hopes would prompt different countries and regions， different industries and people to help “market” the Silk Road. It is precisely this proposal that Zhao Feng and his team conceived the “Silk Road Week”， bringing museums， academic and cultural institutions， experts and scholars， and governmental and international organizations into the fold in the hope of building a bridge of international cultural exchanges and friendship.

It is a billing that the Silk Road Week is living up to. From the very beginning， the event was intended as a collective， collaborative and inclusive project， rather than a solo endeavor for a single museum or institution， a single province or country.

A diverse body of organizations， including the International Association for the Study of Silk Road Textiles， the International Alliance of Museums of the Silk Road， the Alliance of Silk Road Cultural Heritage Science and Technology， Professional Committee of Museums along the Silk Road， among others， have played an active part in planning and implementing the event. A diverse group of people， such as the directors of Shaanxi History Museum， Gansu Provincial Museum and Fujian Museum， contributed their efforts. A diverse selection of activities were also held both inside and outside China. For example， coinciding with the 2021 Silk Road Week， a slew of lectures on the Silk Road were given at the Zhejiang Wanli University， where the closing ceremony was stage. In France， Italy and Belgium， related activities were organized， both online and offline， to make it a truly international cultural festival.

Of particular note is the thematic exhibition， entitled “Creation from Creature： Plants and Animals on the Silk Road”， which focused on the plants and animals along the ancient Silk Road. With plant and animal specimens， written records as well as cultural relics， it tried to interpret and recreate the multidimensional environment that these plants and animals were part of and they helped construct， ultimately aiming to show that “the Silk Road changes lives”.

A unique feature of the exhibition is its “smells”.

“We have combined cultural relics and plant and animal specimens with smells， and threw them into a film，” according to Xu Zheng， the executive curator of the exhibition at the China National Museum. An “olfactory cinema” was specially set up so that visitors could both “see” and “smell” the exhibition.

“We have written the script and directed the film， putting the food and spices that came via the Silk Road into stories，” Xu said. “In the olfactory cinema， the audience is able to smell the scents in the film through a transmitter they wear around the neck; for example， if spinach is talked of， they will smell the scent of spinach， and if nutmeg is mentioned， its smell will be sent to the audience.”

Apart from exhibitions and lectures， a variety of programs， including a forum for directors of museums along the Silk Road， a workshop for curators， live streaming of cave temples and Silk Road Online Museum， were also offered.