Tips on How to Study Smarter,Not Longer如何更聪明地学习而不花更长时间（二）

Kathiann Kowalski

景一编译

Use pictures.

Pay attention to diagrams 1 and graphs 2 in yourclass materials. Those pictures can really boost 3your memory of these materials. And if there aren'tpictures， creating them can be really， really useful.

These visual 4 representations 5 help you createmore complete mental models.

In one study back in 2003. students who sawthe drawings did better on a test than those who gotonly the text information.

使用图画。

要注意课程材料中的图表。这些图表确实能促进你对这些材料的记忆。如果没有图表，自己创作图表可能真的非常有用。

这些可视化的表示形式有助于你创建更完整的心理模型。

在2003年的一项研究中，看过图画的学生在考试中比那些只得到文本信息的学生做得更好。

Dig deeper.

It's hard to remember a string of facts andfigures if you don't push further. Ask why things area certain way. How did they come about'？ Why dothey matler'？ In other words. don't just accept facts atface value.

It helps you combine new information with otherthings you know. And it creates a bigger network inyour brain of things that relate to one another. Thelarger network makes it easier to learn and rememberthings.

深入挖掘。

如果你不更进一步思考的话，很难记住一连串的事实和数字。要问问自己为什么事情是这个样子的。它们是怎么来的？它们为什么重要？换句话说，不要仅仅接受表面上的事实。

这会帮助你将新信息与你所知道的其他事情结合起来。它会在你的大脑中创造一个相互关联的事物的更大网络。这个更大的网络会使学习和记忆事物变得更容易。

Find examples.

Abstract6 concepts can be hard to understand.It tends to be far easier to form a mental image ifyou have a concrete example of something.

In fact， it helps to have at least two examplesif you want to understand something new.

找例子。

抽象的概念可能很難理解。如果你有一个具体的例子，形成一个心理印象往往要容易得多。

事实上，找到至少两个例子有助于你理解新的东西。

Make a plan and stick to it.

Many students know they should space outstudy periods， quiz themselves and practice othergood skills. yet many don't actually do thosethings. Often， they fail to plan ahead.

If you have a study plan. stick to it！ Evenwhen you do make plans， something more enticing 7may come up. Studying has to become a priority 8.

Try to stick to a routine. too. Have a set timeand place where you do homework and studying. Itmay seem odd at first. But， by the time week tworolls around， it becomes a normal thing.

Allow yourself short breaks. Study with nodistractions 9. And take a 5 0r 10 minute breakafter a period of studying .

制定计划并坚持下去。

许多学生知道他们应该分段学习，进行自我测试和练习其他好的技能。然而，许多人实际上并没有做这些事情。他们往往没有提前计划。

如果你有学习计划，就坚持下去！即使你确实制定了计划，也可能会出现更诱人的东西。学习必须成为优先事项。

试着坚持形成惯例。找一个固定的时间和地点做作业和学习。一开始也许会让你觉得奇怪。但是，到了第二周，它就变成了一件正常的事情。

要允许自己有短暂的休息。学习时不要分心。在一段时间的学习后，休息5至10分钟。

Be kind to yourself.

Try to stick to a regular routine. And getenough sleep-not just the night before the testbut for weeks or months on end. Exercise helps aswell.

Don't be too stressful. Remember yourteachers and classmates also face challenges. Likeyou， they have fears， concerns and questions. Andbe kind to yourself. And if you need help， ask.

要善待自己。

试着坚持一种有规律的日常生活，并且要有足够的睡眠——不只是在考试的前一天晚上，要持续几周或几个月。锻炼也很有帮助。

不要有太大压力。请记住，你的老师和同学也会面临挑战。和你一样，他们也有恐惧、担忧和疑问。要善待自己。如果你需要帮助，要去求助。

（英语原文选自：sclenCenewsforstudents.org）

1.diagram [?da???ɡr?m] n.图表

2.graph [ɡrɑ?f]n.图表

3.boost[bu?st]v.促进;增加

4.visual[?v??u?l] adj.视觉的

5.representation [?repr?zen?te???n] n.表现;表示法

6.abstract[??bstr?kt]adj.抽象的

7.enticing [?n?ta?s??]adj.有诱惑力的

8.priority[pra???r?t?] n，优先;优先考虑的事

9.discraction [d??str?k??n] n.分心的事物