基于核心素养的英语大单元教学践行
2021-08-09张云凤
张云凤
教育部于2014年3月发布《关于全面深化课程改革落实立德树人根本任务的意见》中,提出了核心素养的概念。2017年新修订的《普通高中课程标准》中明确阐述:“英语学科的核心素养包括语言能力、思维品质、文化意识和学习能力四个维度。语言能力就是用语言做事的能力,涉及语言知识、语言意识和语感、语言技能、交际策略等;思维品质是思考辨析能力,包括分析、推理、判断、理性表达、用英语进行多元思维等活动;文化意识重点在于理解各国文化内涵、比较异同、汲取精华、尊重差异等方面;学习能力主要包括元认知策略、认知策略、交际策略和情感策略。本文以英语学科的核心素养要求为指导进行大单元教学尝试。指导理论由教育部《普通高中课程标准》专家组专家鲁子问提出。“大单元、大情境、大任务”教学模式标志着英语课程的转型,在文化冲突、融合与创新的新形势下建立以英语核心素养为纲,学生英语实践为主线的英语学习任务群,体现了“以文化人、学以成人”的创新教学模式。
笔者以人教版高中英语Book6 Unit1 Art为例进行英语学科核心素养下的大单元教学探索实践。大单元教学设计应从学生实际出发,本班学生英语基础好、能力强,在笔者的设计和引领下,能够对知识进行深度挖掘,发展学科核心素养。
课堂整体设计:首先,以教材为依托,全面系统地学习与艺术相关的字、词、句和语篇,为学生提供平台提升语言能力。其次,遵循“先输入后输出”的原则进行“大单元、大情景、大任务”的拓展学习。学生自由组合成若干小组,分工合作,利用周末的时间和多媒体手段进行任务探究,在课堂上展示成果,充分利用小组合作和小组之间的评比竞争,激发学生的积极性、主动性和创造性。这个过程体现学生在教学过程中的主体地位,让学生真正成为课堂的主人。再次,创设相对真实的语境,设计贴近学生日常生活的话题,让学生进行书面表达训练,促进语言知识向语言能力的转化。最后,链接高考真题,提升思维品质。
一、教学目标
知识目标:学习课本知识让学生了解西方和中国绘画艺术的历史和风格,了解各时代的著名画家和他们的代表作品,培养学生的艺术鉴赏能力并学会用英语描述和表达喜好。
能力目标:围绕高考教学大纲“人与社会,人与自我,人与自然”的三大核心主题,对艺术、文化、文学、名人、名画及名画廊进行探究;应用相关的英语语言知识描述评论一位名画家、一幅名画、一间名画廊、一种绘画手法;把所学语言知识和艺术修养运用于现实生活,就改进、提升校园环境和家居环境提出意见或建议。
情感目标:在活动的过程中培养学生相互配合的团队合作精神;理解政治、经济和文化变革对绘画艺术的影响,了解中西方艺术因创作于不同的文化背景,虽有相似,也有差异;通过学习和探究提升学生对艺术、绘画的艺术品位,陶冶情操,学会用艺术素养热爱和美化我们的生存环境。
二、教学策略和方法
通过对教材文本的略读、查读、画思维导图等教学方法让学生掌握课文的主旨、大意、重要细节和篇章结构,习得语言知识;以信息技术网络平台为依托,给学生分配任务;以小组为单位对“大单元艺术”进行探究性自主合作学习、合作交流、展示成果、相互点评;设置相对真实的情境,让学生输出语言知识,创作艺术作品。
三、教学过程
本案例的教学过程分为三个部分:第一部分,依托教材全方位深入学习;第二部分,对学习内容进行大任务模式的拓展整合;第三部分,学以致用,运用所学的艺术知识,为美化校园环境献计献策。接下来笔者将通过课堂案例详细阐述教学过程三个部分的学习内容及学习效果。
(一)第一部分:依托教材全方位深入学习
第一步:围绕人与社会——绘画、建筑等领域的代表作品和人物,运用联想法学习与艺术相关的英语字词句的表达。
第二步:学习教材book 6 unit 1 art的课文A brief history of Western painting,要求学生以思维导图的方式,以时间为线索描述西方绘画历史、各大流派的特点、代表画家和作品。
学习The Best of Manhattans Art Gallery,用思维导图描述美国曼哈顿最好的五大艺术长廊的美术背景知识、地理位置、名称、艺术馆特点和展出的名画。
采用思维导图的方式导入和学习,可以培养学生动脑和动手的学习习惯,挖掘学习者词汇拓展的无限潜能,构建语篇结构的逻辑思维,使学习过程更具有创造性和趣味性。
第三步:学习与运用——高考真题链接。2015年全国新课标卷Ⅰ,阅读理解A篇,主要介绍巴黎皮杜艺术中心展览了萨尔瓦多·达利众多的艺术作品,以帮助人们了解他的作品风格;2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解A篇讲述联合国教科文组织将4月30日设为国际爵士乐日;2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇讲述英国即将举办莎翁戏剧展演活动的剧目安排、剧团简介、演出使用的语言和时间;2019年全国新课标卷完形填空讲述《金银岛》背后鲜为人知的故事,披露这部作品出炉的细节;2015年北京卷的书面表达题要求写一篇稿件介绍班级在“传统文化进校园”的活动中邀请艺人教授如何捏面人的过程。
高考真题链接,让学生真真切切地感受“文化艺术”话题在高考中的重要性,同时扩宽阅读的深度和广度,提升学生英语的听说读写能力。
(二)第二部分:对学习内容进行大任务模式的拓展整合
“以深度的实践来整合学习”的理念进行“大单元、大情境、大任务”教学。以艺术学习为主题,以主题探究为基础,以小组为单位,探究一幅名画,一位名画家,一种绘画技能,一位名画廊;以PPT和文字形式,在课堂上呈现和分享探究成果,师生共同评鉴。
学生探究成果展示如下:
任务一:一位名画家和他的重要作品
部分成果展示——以梵高为例:
小组展示的题目:Vincent Willem Van Gogh; Vincent Van Gogh and his Sunflowers; Vincent Van Gogh Vs Paul Gauguin等。内容包含梵高的生平簡介、梵高的主要作品、梵高和高更的趣事、梵高的向日葵,以及与梵高相关的电影和书籍等。
小組1介绍梵高和他的代表作:
Vincent Van Gogh(March 30th,1853—July 29th,1890) is a post-impressionist painter. His representative works include sunflower series, starry night, self portrait series.
小组2介绍梵高与高更的友谊:
高更和梵高曾是非常亲密的朋友。1888年,在法国的阿尔,他们一起打造各自的艺术王国。梵高创作了“向日葵系列”,而高更创作了《画向日葵的梵高》。但好景不长,高更仅在那里待了两个月,就和梵高发生了激烈的争吵,1888年12月,高更用剃须刀片和梵高对峙。恐慌的梵高逃到妓院,在那里割下了自己的左下耳垂。从那之后,高更就离开了,从此他们再也没有碰面。
小组3赏析梵高的作品《星空》:
Starry Night:The most famous work of the museum of modern art (MOMA) in New York is Van Goghs starry night, which is not large in size but has tremendous power. When people look closely at the painting, they can see the canvas with texture and intuitively feel the wild brushstrokes of Van Gogh, who seems to be struggling to use color to create the three-dimensional sense of the painting. “Starry night” was painted by Van Gogh a year before his death, after he had cut off his right ear in a terrible fight with Gauguin and was admitted to St. Pauls psychiatric hospital in St. Remy. In the hospital, Van Gogh wrote to his brother Theo: This morning before the sun came up, I saw the whole village from my window. Nothing but bright stars, whick looked very big… Van Gogh painted the starry sky in his mind, lighting the night sky with dense brushstrokes, breaking away from all the rules and constraints of previous paintings.
小组4对梵高的作品《向日葵》进行深入探究:
Sunflowers are a series of oil paintings with sunflowers in bottles as the main content. And they are scattered around the world now. Each of them is priceless. If we use Van Goghs “sunflowers in vases as the theme of the oil painting” to define it, there would be seven paintings totally. Nameless Sunflowers in American; Ashiya Sunflowers destroyed in the war when the US bombing Ashiya, Japan in 1945; London Sunflowers in The National Gallery(in London); Ashiya Sunflowers in Neue Pinakothek(德国慕尼黑新美术馆);Amsterdam Sunflowers in Van Gogh Museum(in Amsterdam), Philadelphia Sunflowes in Philadelphia Museum of Art(in Philadelphia);Tokyo Sunflowers in Toheung tsinger Art Museum, Japan(in Tokyo).
同学们就梵高的“向日葵系列”各抒己见:
学生甲:“In my opinion, the sunflowers are a kind of beautiful flower. It may mean hope, sun or future. These pictures of Van Gogh are very superb. Some styles of them may be positive, others may be depressed. And for us, whatever will happen, we cant give up the life. Find the happiness and beauty of the world, even leading a hard life. If possible, I want to be the owner of one of them. But it seems impossible.”
学生乙:“The first time I have seen the Sunflowers, I got a little sadness from the painting. Because some of the sunflowers in the picture were decaying. But when I continued to enjoy it, I found that some sunflowers bloom like a flame. They seemed to be singing about the greatness and beauty of life. They gave me the shock and warmth to my heart. Every sunflower is different, and every person is different, too. I hope that everyone can find his or her own sunflowers and everyone can enjoy the sunshine and love of life.”
学生丙:“Van Gogh expresses his understanding of life and shows his unique spiritual world by depicting sunflowers.”
学生丁:“Treat your family with gratitude, treat others with kindness, treat friends with honesty, work with honesty,live with gratitude, and enjoy art with a heart of appreciation, just like the sunflower in front of you.”
最后,一个酷爱梵高的同学推荐了与梵高相关的电影和书籍:《亲爱的提奥》《渴望生活——梵高传》《至爱梵高》《星空之谜》《艺术的力量》。该同学也对梵高发表的自己独到的见解:虽然梵高的生活充满苦难,甚至落魄不堪,但他热爱生命,热爱生活,渴望美好,渴望用画笔记录眼里的一切璀璨。万物的色彩是如此的奇异,流动着,燃烧着,给人以震撼。他的灵魂里有不灭的光,生于深渊、活于深渊,却渴望光明与纯净。他置身深渊却从恶中找到了善,从残败中开出了花朵。他一身黑暗,却依旧想给别人一点光。通过绘画,他救赎了别人的灵魂,同时也救赎了自己。
任务二:一幅名画
小组1介绍《最后的晚餐》:
The Last Supper by Emil Nolde——ART&HUMAN&LOVE
◎The Story: When Jesus celebrated the last Yuyue festival,Juda(耶稣的门徒) helped the chief of Judaism(犹太教祭司长) murder Jesus.
◎The Feature of art: It is Expressionism(表现主义). The space is full of people and make people have feeling of nervous and pressure; The facial expression of Jesus shows the fear to death, full of humanism
*A story about Christian
*A painting about humanism
*A master piece of Expressionism
*A complex feeling
*A poem about art, human and love
小組2介绍中国十大名画:
The top ten famous paintings in China refer to “Luo Shenfu picture”, “Qingming Shanghe map”, “Fuchun mountain living picture”, “Han Gong Chunxiao picture”, “hundred Jun map”, “Tang Gong female picture”, “five Niu picture”, “Han Xizai Night Banquet Picture” and “Qianli Jiangshan Map” ten famous Chinese historical paintings. “Ten famous paintings in China” is a masterpiece of Chinese civilization and a monument in the history of Chinese art. It is a flowing history and silent movement, carrying the unique artistic temperament of the ancient oriental nation. They record the long history of five thousand years of China and the Jinxianhe Mountain, which covers thousands of miles.
对照赏析,教师引导学生了解中西方绘画艺术的相似与差异。
任务三:一种画法
小组1介绍Perspective technique(透视法):
The origin of perspective,the sense of space wrapped in the picture exists in our visual perception and does not exist in the real physical space. The painter just transforms the image he perceives into the relationship between the plane and the plane, and describes this relationship as the space of the vision. Therefore, a variety of different perspective painting methods came into being.: One-point Perspective, Two-point Perspective, and Multipoint Perspective.
小组2介绍Sketch(素描):
素描被称为伟大艺术之父,因为一幅画四分之三的效果取决于素描。每一幅优秀的彩画一定是一幅优秀的素描。我们以梵高和毕加索两位大师及其作品为例来谈谈素描。
In a letter to Dior, Van Gogh, a representative painter of Post Impressionism, wrote: “three quarters of the effect of a painting depends on the sketch.” We have seen too many Van Goghs oil paintings. If you are interested in collecting Van Goghs works, you will find that Van Goghs sketch manuscripts are very many, far more than oil paintings. According to my statistics, in the letters Van Gogh sent to Dior, there are 227 oil paintings and 685 sketch manuscripts. Sketch is almost three times as much as color. Picassos cow is also a little bit from a realistic cow to a few lines, which can express the main body of a cow. This is obviously a painter with a solid sketch foundation.
任务四:一间画廊
小组1介绍The Louvre Museum:
The museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537 paintings, the majority of the works being confiscated church and royal property. Because of structural problems with the building, the museum was closed in 1796 until 1801. The collection is divided among eight departments: Egyptian Antiquities; Near Eastern Antiquities; Greek and Roman Antiquities; Islamic Art; Sculpture; Decorative Arts; Paintings; and Prints and Drawings.
Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo, Liberty Leading the People are three treasures in the museum. The Louvre Pyramid is another treasure, which was built in the 1980s as the main entrance to the Louvre Museum designed by Chinese-American architect I.M. Pe(贝聿铭) The modern glass structure, which forms a nice contrast with the historic facades of the Louvre, has become a landmark in its own right.
小组2介绍保罗盖茨美术馆——来自学生的STS美国夏令营游记:
保罗盖茨美术馆坐落于山顶,雪白的建筑使其在阳光下仿佛天使展开的翅膀。仿佛是为了远离尘世,它的一切进出方式只有轻轨,雪白的车身,白色的轨道,一切仿佛通往天堂的车站……此美术馆是一座美术的殿堂,其中就有梵高的真迹——《罂粟花》,以及莫奈的几幅真迹。对于学了六年美术的我而言,在这里步行仿佛进入了天堂,向各处看去都是画中全新的世界!保罗盖茨美术馆中还有一个花园,独特的回折结构与周围艳阳下摆动着的花朵,仿佛是专为使人静下心来,慢慢思考而设计的……
(三)第三部分:超越文本,拓展生成
在拓展环节中,设计了真实的语境,让学生学以致用,运用所学的艺术知识,为美化校园环境献计献策。
任务一:用英语给校长写一封建议信
内容包含:
1.校园建设的不足;
2.改进和提高的具体建议。
归纳学生建议信的主要信息如下:
1.校園卫生:卫生间、垃圾桶、池塘水的净化;
2.校园美化需要增加花园的绿化面积和栽种花卉的品种;
3.更新墙面的绘画,增加艺术彩绘的面积,利用名画或是师生绘画美化教学楼长廊,营造艺术氛围;
4.开展丰富多彩的文化活动;
5.利用校园空地,设置读书角,并且扩建校园图书馆,增加藏书。
任务二:设计一张海报:宣传一个具有地方特色的文化艺术长廊
学生海报设计画面感很强,画廊名字丰富有趣,画展内容既高大上又接地气,除了展示中外名人名画,还展示了具有曲靖地方特色的爨文化、潦浒陶瓷艺术、七擒孟获的壁画、陆良沙雕艺术,以及最新发现的距今4.2亿年的古脊椎动物鱼化石等。
在“大单元,大情景,大任务”的教学践行中,学生习得了与新课程标准相关主题的英语知识,与高考真题进行了面对面的碰撞。以主题探究为核心的自主学习方式,使人人乐于参与,形成了师生之间,生生之间,小组之间,甚至两个班级之间的相互合作、相互竞争、相互学习的良好氛围,充分调动了学生学习的积极性,激发学生的潜能。在探究学习的过程中学生的语言能力、思维品质、文化意识和学习能力四个维度的核心素养得到了锻炼和发展。在新时代的教育背景下,发展学生核心素养,落实立德树人是学校教育的重大任务。探索核心素养如何落到实处走进教学过程,是大多数教师最困惑最需要帮助的地方。本文只是提供了一种探索方式,用实际例子进行大单元整体教学设计,以学生发展为中心,深入解读核心素养,结合教材内容和学生实际情况,创造性地使用教材,把核心素养要求的关键能力和必备品格落实到课堂上。
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