观景之路——因斯布鲁克诺德凯特山脉峡谷的全景小径

斯诺赫塔建筑事务所

由斯诺赫塔建筑事务所（Snøhetta）为诺德凯特缆车线路设计的观景之路（The Path of Perspectives or “Perspektivenweg”）沿着阿尔卑斯山的全景小径设置了10个建筑元素，充分展现了因斯布鲁克诺德凯特山脉的壮丽景色。

诺德凯特（Nordkette）位于奥地利蒂罗尔州因斯布鲁克市以北，坐落在北莱姆斯通阿尔卑斯山脉最大的支脉卡尔文德尔山脉的最南端。亨格堡（Hungerburg）和诺德凯特的缆车将游客直接从市中心带到海拔1 905 m的西格鲁布（Seegrube）缆车站，在这里，观景之路在壮丽的阿尔卑斯山中展开。绵延2.8 km的观景小径及其独特的景观元素引导着游客在漫步过程中逐渐爬升142 m的高度。

1 步道平面图及10处构筑物位置标注Site plan showing the location of the ten architectural elements

2 鸟瞰Aerial view

3～4 悬挑的观景台似从地形中生长而来The viewing platform seems to grow out of the terrain

9 户外剧场Forming an amphitheatre

10 奥地利哲学家路德维希·维特根斯坦的名言被雕刻在耐候钢结构上Quotes from Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein are inscribed on the new features

小径沿途的各种装置和周围的壮丽景色融为一体，让游客可以从不同视角体验阿尔卑斯山的迷人风景。从长凳到观景台每个元素都成为小径上独特的观景点，或者作为人们聚集之处。这些微小的干预措施向游人充分展示了阿尔卑斯山的壮美景观，增加了戏剧性的高山观景体验，而不仅是创造一种额外的引人注目的结构。

观景平台以优雅的形态从地形的边缘探出来，强调了地形的变化，看似是从地形中生长出来的。站在观景平台上，茵山谷（Inn Valley）的景色一览无余，同时脚下的金属格栅给人一种漂浮在地形之上的感觉。在乔木林和灌木松林地的交接地带，台阶式的构筑物强调了这一自然景观。登山者可以斜靠在平台上休息并欣赏兰格萨特尔（Langer Sattel）和弗劳伊特（Frau Hitt）山峰险峻的景色。木制平台环绕着有“巨石”（“Big Stone”）之称的区域随着缓缓抬升的地形层层分布，成为游客们喜爱的休息场所。在海拔稍微高一点的地方设置的阶梯式木制平台带给游客剧场般的感受。

受到周围环境和之前既有结构的启发，有10个构筑物都是由耐候钢制成，观景之路也使用了诺德凯特山谷现有的防雪崩技术，并且选用了同样的耐候钢材料。座椅和倚靠式平台是由当地特有的落叶松木制成的。新的构筑物上雕刻着奥地利哲学家路德维格·维特根斯坦（Ludwig Wittgenstein）的名言：“我每次观看时真的看到不同的东西吗，还是我只是以不同的方式解释我所看到的同样的东西？我倾向于前者，但为什么？解释是思考的一种形式，是一种活动，而观察是一种思维状态。”这些话语使游客停下来，在欣赏外部风景的同时，对自己的内在进行反思。从而使观景之路有了双重的意义。“不要让自己被别人所引导，要遵循天性。”

注释：

斯诺赫塔建筑事务所设计的观景之路与诺德凯特的其他建筑亮点融为一体，例如Zaha Hadid设计的亨格堡缆车站，该缆车站自2007年起便将城市与亨格堡山脉连接起来，以及由著名的蒂罗尔州建筑师Franz Baumann设计的诺德凯特车站。

(编辑/王一兰)

位置：奥地利因斯布鲁克诺德凯特山西格鲁布

建筑设计：斯诺赫塔建筑事务所

委托方：诺德凯特缆车

合作者：艾伦雅尼克教授、学者维特根斯坦

结构工程师：因斯布鲁克的Tragwerkspartner ZT GmbH

承包人：富尔普梅斯的Schlosserer Mayr（金属结构），Pfurtscheller Bau（结构）

施工时间：2017—2018年

图片来源： 图1 © 斯诺赫塔建筑事务所；图2 ©因斯布鲁克诺德凯特/奎林·穆勒；图3～10 ©克里斯蒂安·弗拉舍尔

翻译：徐玮蓬

校对：王晞月

The Path of Perspectives or “Perspektivenweg”,designed by Snøhetta for the Nordkettenbahn cable railway, introduces a series of ten architectural elements along the panorama trail in the alpine landscape that highlight the unique features of Innsbruck’s spectacular Nordkette mountain range.

The Nordkette is the southernmost mountain chain in the Karwendel, the largest mountain range of the Northern Limestone Alps located just north of the Tyrolean city of Innsbruck. The Hungerburg and Nordkette funiculars bring visitors directly from the city center to the Seegrube cable car station at 1,905 meters above sea level, where the Path of Perspectives unfurls in breathtaking alpine surroundings. Here, the 2.8-kilometer meandering panorama trail and its individual elements entice visitors to take a stroll up its 142-meter elevational change.

Along the path, the subtle architectural interventions blend seamlessly into this spectacular landscape, offering visitors an opportunity to experience the staggering vistas of the alpine landscape from different perspectives. Every element, from the benches to the viewing platform,marks a unique point along the trail or serves as a meeting point. Using small design gestures, the interventions highlight striking elements of the Alpine landscape, adding to the experience of the dramatic mountain scenery rather than creating one eye-catching structure.

The viewing platform, which seems to grow out of the terrain, elegantly projects over the edge of the landscape and emphasizes the topographical changes. Standing on the platform, visitors can enjoy uninterrupted views of the Inn Valley below,while the metal grate underfoot gives a sense of floating above the terrain. At the transition from the timberline to scrub mountain pine vegetation, a staircase structure marks this natural phenomenon.A counter allows hikers a chance to lean and admire their first impression of the striking Langer Sattel and Frau Hitt peaks. The wooden platforms surrounding the gentle elevation of the so-called“Big Stone” on various levels make it a popular resting spot. At a slightly higher elevation, stepped wooden platforms form an amphitheater.

Each of the ten elements are shaped from Corten steel, a material choice that was inspired by the context and prior interventions.“Perspektivenweg” adapts the existing technical structures of Nordkette’s avalanche barriers, which are made of the same weathered steel. Larch wood, typical for the local forests, forms its seating and reclining platforms. Quotes from Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein are inscribed on the new architectural features, e.g. “Do I really see something different every time I look, or do I only interpret what I see in differing ways? I am inclined to say the first. But why? Interpreting is a form of thinking, an activity; seeing is a state of mind.“ The different citations invite visitors to take a moment and reflect, both inwardly and out over the landscape, giving a dual meaning to the path of perspectives. “Don’t let yourself be led by the example of other people, but by nature!”

Location:Seegrube, Nordkette Innsbruck, Austria

Architecture:Snøhetta

Client:Nordkettenbahnen Betriebs GmbH

Collaborator:Prof. Allan Janik, Wittgenstein scholar

Structural Engineer:Tragwerkspartner ZT GmbH, Innsbruck

Contractors:Schlosserer Mayr, Fulpmes (metal construction),Pfurtscheller Bau (construction)

Realization:2017 — 2018

Photos Credit:Fig. 1 © Snøhetta; Fig. 2 ©Innsbrucker Nordkettenbahnen / Quirin Müller; Fig. 3-10 ©Christian Flatscher

Translator:XU Weipeng

Proofreader:WANG Xiyue

Notes:

Snøhetta’s Path of Perspectives joins other Nordkette architectural highlights such as the Zaha Hadid-designed Hungerburg funicular, which has connected the city with the Hungerburg since 2007, and stations of the Nordkettenbahn, designed by renowned Tyrolean architect Franz Baumann.

(Editor / WANG Yilan)