口语步步高：了解 “计划”

陶艺丞

新的一年到来了，在年初我们最喜欢的就是做计划，一说到计划、安排，相信大家脑海中浮现的第一个词就是plan，这个词对我们来说已经很熟悉了，但是它不仅仅只有这一层意思哦，而且除了plan还有其他的表示计划、安排的词，今天我们就来学习一下吧！

plan作为名词一共有六种含义：

something that you intend to do or achieve 计划;打算

例：Your best plan would be to go by car.

你开车去是上策。

There's been a change of plan.

计划有变动。

Do you have any plans for the summer？

这个夏天你有什么打算？

② a set of things to do in order to achieve sth， especially one that has been considered in detail in advance （详细）规划，方案;精心安排

例：Let's hope everything will go according to plan.

但愿一切都会按计划进行。

The government has announced plans to create one million new training places. 政府已经宣布开设一百万个新培训名额的计划。

Both sides agreed to a detailed plan for keeping the peace.

双方都同意维护和平的详细方案。

a development plan发展规划

a plan of action行动方案

a five-point plan 五点规划

a three-year plan 三年规划

③a detailed map ofa building，town（建筑、城镇等的）详图

例：aplan of the museum博物館详图

a street plan of the city城市街道详图

（术语，一般以复数形式出现）a detailed drawing of a machine，building，etc.that shows its size，shape and measurements（机器、建筑等的）设计图，平面图;图解

例：Thearchitectis drawing up plans for the new offices.

建筑师正在绘制新办公楼的设计图。

a diagram that shows how sth will be arranged分布图;示意图

例：aseating plan （=showing where each person will sit，for example at a dinner）座位安排示意图

a floor plan （=showing how furniture is arranged）楼层平面图

⑥（常用于构成复合词）a way of investing money for the future投资方式

例：asavings plan储蓄计划

搭配：

plan for sth，

例：Isthis your plan for making your way in the world？这就是你要出人头地的计划吗？

She sketched out her plan for tackling the problem. 她简要叙述了解决问题的计划。

plan to do sth

例：There are no plans to build new offices.

现在没有建新办公楼的计划。

I dreamed up a plan to solve both problems at once. 我想出了一个可以立刻解决这两个问题的计划。

make a plan

例：I'dlike to talk it over with you beforeI make a plan.我想和你仔细商量一下再制订计划。

Set your goal， make a plan， then act on it.

设定目标，制订一个计划，然后采取行动。

plan作为动词一共有三种含义：

to make detailed arrangements for sth you want to do in the future精心安排; 计划;谋划

例：Ameeting has been planned for early next year.

会议计划明年年初召开。

I've been planning howI'm going to spend the day.

我一直在筹划怎样度过这一天。

They planned that the two routes would connect.

他们计划让两条路接上。

② to intend or expect to do sth 打算;期待

例：We hadn't planned on going anywhere this evening.

我们今晚没打算外出。

They plan to arrive some time after three.

他们预计在三点钟以后到达。

We're planning a trip to France in the spring-are you interested？ 我们打算春天去法国旅游。你有意去吗？

to make a design or an outline forsth设计;安排;组织;策划

例：to plan an essayla garden构思一篇文章;设计一个花园a well-planned campaign一场精心策划的宣传活动

搭配：

plan for sth，

例：People are starting to plan for their summer holidays.人们开始计划他们的暑假。

We need to plan for the future.

我们需要为将来作好打算。

plan to do sth

例：They plan to plant the area with grass and trees.他们计划在这个地区植树种草。

plan on doing sth

例：Iplan on learning French.

我计划学法语。

Don't plan on my going with you， for I expect to be busy this weekend. 不要以为我会陪你去，因为本周末我会很忙。

plan sth out

例：Plan out your route before you go.

出发前要仔细设计你的路线。

She has her career all planned out.

她对自己的前途事业已作了精心规划。

除了plan之外，还有两个词也可以表示计划、安排：

（一）schedule，它有名词和动词两种词性，常用作名词，有四种含义：

a plan that lists all the work that you have to do and when you must do each thing工作计划;日程安排

例：There may be some minor changes to the schedule.

时间安排也许会有些小小的变动。

②a list showing the times at which particular events will happen 時间表;时刻表例：atrain schedule列车时刻表

Chinese will be on the school schedule from next year.

从明年开始中文将排进学校的课程表。

a list of the television and radio programmes that are on a particular channel

and the times that they start（电视或广播）节目表

例：The channel's schedules are filled with old films and repeats.

这个频道安排的尽是老电影和重播节目。

a written list of things，for example prices，rates or conditions（价格、收费或条款等的）一览表，明细表，清单

例：tax schedules 税率表

搭配：

on schedule按时;按照预定时间

例：Filming began on schedule （=at the planned time）.

拍摄如期开始。

ahead of schedule提前

例：The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule.新桥提前两年落成。

according to schedule 按照预定计划

例：The task has been accomplished according to schedule.任务已如期完成。

tight schedule时间很紧;行程紧凑

例：We're working to a tight schedule.

我们的工作安排得很紧。

behind schedule落后于预定计划

例：The tunnel projecthas already fallen behind schedule.隧道工程工期已经晚了。

（二）arrange，它用作动词有三种含义：

I to plan or organize sth in advance安排;筹备

例：The party was arranged quickly.

聚会很快就安排好了。

We've still got to arrange how to get to the airport. 我们还得安排如何到达机场。

Have you arranged to meet him？

你安排好去见他了吗？

to put sth in a particular order; to make sth neat or attractive整理;排列;布置

例：The books are arranged alphabetically by author.

这些书是按作者姓名字母顺序排列的。

I must arrange my financial affairs and make a will.

我必须把我的财务安排好，并立下遗嘱。

She arranged the flowers in a vase.

她把花瓶中的花插好。

to write or change a piece of music so that it is suitable for a particular

instrument or voice谱写，改编（乐曲）

例：Hearranged traditional folk songs for the piano.

他把传统民歌改编成钢琴曲。

想一想：

今天我们学习了三种表示计划安排的词，也学习了它们其他的含义，那么，当这三个词都表示“计划”的时候，有什么区别呢？分别可以用于什么场景呢？请大家思考一下吧！