本期英文提要（ABSTRACTS）

ABSTRACTS

Internet Development and the Improvement on the Urban Export Sophistication

Zhu Qin1，Yu Haijing2，Li Bingtao1

（1.School of Economics，2.Research Institute of Quantitative Economics，Zhejiang Gongshang University，Hangzhou 310018）

（4）

Abstract：Based on the data of 281 cities in China from 2007 to 2017，this paper calculates the urban export sophistication index，then analyzes the spatial differentiation and agglomeration of urban export sophistication.It uses chain multiple mediation effect model（CMEM） to explore the influence mechanism of Internet development on urban export sophistication.The results show that Internet development has a significant positive impact on urban export sophistication through human capital effect，technological innovation effect and the co-effect of both，and the mediation effect of human capital is the largest.Heterogeneity test shows that，the influence of the urban Internet development in eastern China is greater compared with the central and western regions.This research provides theoretical support for China to promote the construction of smart cities and improve the quality of foreign trade development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.

Key words：internet development； export sophistication； human capital effect； technological innovation effect； spatial agglomeration

The Threshold Effect of Government Subsidies on Firms’ R&D Investment：Based on Perspective of Different Financial Constraints

Yu Jianzhong，Chen Yanhong

（1.Institute of International Economics，University of International Business and Economics，Beijing 100029；2.School of Humanities and Social Sciences，North China Electric Power University，Beijing 102206）

（12）

Abstract：Based on the data of 1040 Chinese listed firms，this paper examines the threshold effect of government subsidies on firms’ R&D investment，and discusses the difference of threshold effects in firms with different financial constraints.The empirical results show that government subsidies have a threshold effect on firms’ R&D investment.Furthermore the threshold effects of government subsidies on firms with different financial constraints is different，when the subsidy scale is small，the government subsidies do have a positive effect on R&D investment of firms with low financing constraints，while there is no significant effect on R&D investment of firms with high financing constraints.When the subsidy scale crosses a certain threshold，government subsidies have a significant and positive effect on the R&D of firms with high financing constraints，which is greater than the effect on firms with low financing constraints.This paper also finds that the government subsidies obtained by firms with low financing constraints is greater than that of firms with high financing constraints，which indicates that there is a mismatch between the subsidy scale and the size of its effect.This paper believes that improvement in the screening criteria and evaluation system for government-funded targets，as well as the implementation of targeted and differentiated project subsidies amount，will help improve the performance of government subsidy policies.

Key words：government subsidies； firm’s R&D investment； threshold effect； financial constraints

Sovereign and Sovereignty，Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment，and National-State：A Sketch about Clausewitz’s Trinity of War

Li Zhehan

（Philosophy Department，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058）

（23）

Abstract：Clausewitz’s understanding of war does not base on a narrow definition，but broadly refers to politics and philosophy.In the same way，our understanding of Clausewitz’s theory is not a narrow military theory，and we should put it under the background of the history of political thought.Clausewitz is just in the certain condition of the Sattelzeit or the Semantics of historical time，both of them are provided by the German Begriffsgeschichte school.This time is in accordance with the drastically changing period of political reality and political thought in Europe.It makes his definition of war in On War （the trinity of war） is complicated and ambiguous.Through the approach from Begriffsgeschichte，we could not only understand Clausewitz’s theory and its inner tension，but also discern and grasp the complexity in the period or the process of（European） modern state building.Namely，through unfolding Clausewitz’s trinity of war in the views of the history of political thought，we could see clearly its relationship to sovereign and sovereignty，Enlightenment and counter-Enlightenment，and national-state，and furthermore，understand the later three more.

Key words：Clausewitz； trinity of war； sovereign and sovereignty； enlightenment and counter-enlightenment； national-state

Nietzsche，Bismarck and Great Politics

Yu Mingfeng

（Department of Philosophy，Tongji University，Shanghai 200092）

（30）

Abstract：After saying goodbye to nationalist aspirations，Nietzsche analyzed and criticized Bismarck with the concept of great politics.Nietzsche’s criticism of Bismarck is actually a criticism of modern politics.The later Nietzsche used the great politics in order to overcome the nihilistic essence of modern politics.Nietzsche’s great politics is not only the politics of European integration or globalization，but also a kind of value politics or spiritual politics.Whether in the early analysis or in the later application，Nietzsche measured politics with the cultural and value purport beyond politics.Realistic politics does not accept the logic of value war and does not serve culture，which is the real reason for Nietzsche’s criticism of Bismarck.Power understood by Bismarck is only a manifestation of the will to power.For Bismarck’s Germany，Nietzsche’s philosophy of the will to power provides both a path of understanding and a critical perspective.For the current theory，investigating “Nietzsche，Bismarck and great politics” is helpful to reasonably excavate the political meaning of Nietzsche’s thought on the one hand，and to understand the great political problems of our own times on the other hand.

Key words：Nietzsche； Bismarck； great politics； culture； nationalism

On the Application Field of Web Crawler and the Boundary of Criminal Law’s Involvement in Big Data Industry

Jiang Ying

（Law School，Dalian Maritime University，Dalian 116023）

（37）

Abstract：Web crawler is a kind of Internet information automatic collection technology applied to the client.It can’t enter the background server simply by using the crawler technology.Anti crawling measures belong to client code.Breaking through the anti crawling measures means that the crawling party evades the access restrictions of the crawling party and can pretend that ordinary users can obtain the “access qualification” of the client.However，the crawling party still crawls the client data and does not invade the crawling Party’s computer information system.Therefore，only when using crawler technology to crawl the “citizen personal information” and other illegal data，can it constitute a crime； if the crawling party breaks through the anti crawling measures，but only the general data of the client，the behavior does not have criminal illegality.In addition，the server-side data is the data of computer information system，which belongs to the unique legal interest of criminal law protection.Illegal invasion of computer information system and acquisition of such data constitute a crime，which has nothing to do with the use of reptile technology.In view of the behavior of breaking through the anti crawling measures to crawl the general data of the client in practice，the criminal law should intervene afterwards.That is to say，after the crawled party first applies to the court to prohibit the relevant data grabbing behavior through the “behavior preservation” measures，when the crawler still violates the “behavior preservation” ruling and crawls the data，it can be regulated by the “crime of refusing to perform the judgment and ruling”.

Key words：web crawler； big data； data of computer information； judicial criminalization

Big Data Evidence and Its Principle on Ascertaining the Facts

Yang Jiwen1，Fan Yanying2

（1.East China University of Political Science and Law，Shanghai 201620；2.Law School，Southwest University of Finance and Economics，Chengdu 611130）

（46）

Abstract：With the advent of the Big Data revolution，the relationship between evidence and facts needs to be reexamined in China.The urgency and necessity of the reform of the judicial system in the new era are highlighted in the judicial practice as the demand for the new age of evidence at the core of electronic evidence.Big Data evidence is a kind of electronic evidence，which has a special mechanism of fact-finding.The good application of Big Data can improve the ability to identify the facts in the trial system.The change of the new age of evidence，which is characterized by Big Data and electronic evidence，needs to focus on the fact finding of electronic evidence in the context of Intellectual Jurisprudence.Under the objective requirement of fact finding ability，we gradually form the scientific fact finding path from artificial intelligence to intelligence.The good application of big data evidence is beneficial to the improvement of the judicial cognition ability of the fact judge.But we need to pay attention to the scientific limitation and guarantee mechanism between Big Data and evidence.The fact finding mechanism of Big Data in the era of new evidence should update the thinking of fact identification，reconstruct the process of fact identification，improve the evidence system and apply the rules of admissibility of electronic evidence.

Key words：big data； evidence； facts； electronic evidence

Urban-rural Integration from the Perspective of Urban-locality Relation

Xiong Wansheng，Yuan Zhonghua

（School of Social and Public Administration，East China University of Science and Technology，Shanghai 200237）

（55）

Abstract：How to achieve integrated urban-rural development is a major proposition facing contemporary China.Based on China’s urban tradition and the uniqueness of urban-locality relation，research on integrated urban-rural development must pay attention to the urban-locality relation.After China started the process of modernization，especially since the reform and opening up，with the rapid advancement of urbanization，China’s traditional urban-locality relation has changed，forming a trend of urban-local systems and tight urbanrural relation.As a result，the local government is administratively subordinate to the urban government，and the local social system is subordinate to the urban social system.In this urban-rural structure in which cities dominate local society，to achieve integrated urban-rural development，the autonomy of the local government relative to the rural is raised.The local government need to find the policy balance point and distribute development convenience in a balanced way between urban and rural areas.At this stage，if the overall metropolitanism is difficult to shake for a while，it is a possible way out of urban centralism within cities and counties.

Key words：urban-locality relation； urban-locality system； tight urban-rural relation； local government autonomy； integrated urban-rural development

Degree of Citizenization of Rural Migrant Workers under the Influence of Urban Heterogeneity：Measurement and Analysis Based on Biprobit and HLM Model

Liu Jing1，Zhang Jinhua2

（1.School of Economics and Management，Zhejiang Sci-Tech University，Hangzhou 310018； 2.Institute of Finance and Economics Research，Shanghai University of Finance and Economics，Shanghai 200433）

（63）

Abstract：The urbanization of rural migrant workers is an inevitable trend of social development in the new era.Based on the data of dynamic monitoring migrant population in 2014，this paper measures the degree of citizenization of rural migrant workers by establishing the Biprobit model，and analyzes the causes of its heterogeneity by using the HLM model.The study found that： First，the degree of citizenization of rural migrant workers in China is low，only 46.05%.In terms of demand，raising the level of education，partici pating in skills training and improving the living environment can enhance rural migrant workers’ willingness to be urbanized.In the supply side，the rural migrant workers who have a high degree of education，access to the city early，the province of migration，with a relatively fixed residence and basic social security will provide a higher urbanization.Second，the degree of citizenization of rural migrant workers varies from city to city，the difference of citizenization caused by urban heterogeneity is as high as 30.22%.Urban factors can not only directly affect the average degree of citizenization of rural migrant workers，but also adjust the correlation between the individual factors of rural migrant workers and the degree of their citizenship.The key to improving the level of citizenization of rural migrant workers is to establish a sense of human capital training for rural migrant workers，to provide stable residence and social security，to encourage the nearest local migration.

Key words：rural migrant workers； degree of citizenization； urban heterogeneity

Logical Following and Path Exploration of the Construction of Grand Canal National Cultural Park：Based on the Dual Theoretical Perspectives of Cultural Memory and Spatial Production

Wang Xiuwei，Bai Liying

（College of Literature and News Communication，China Ocean University，Qingdao 266100）

（72）

Abstract：The construction process of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park manifested the reconstruction of cultural memory related to the Grand Canal and the production of cultural space.Based on this，the Grand Canal National Cultural Park is regarded as the field of cultural memory and cultural space interaction.It is the interaction of cultural memory and cultural space in different dimensions that ultimately forms the endogenous driving force to promote the construction of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park.The Grand Canal National Cultural Park not only relies on the cultural representation space of the Grand Canal to construct collective memory，but also promotes the space production practice by constructing the memory field.The construction of Grand Canal National Cultural Park will promote the sublimation of Grand Canal cultural memory into national memory，and then promote the transmission of spatial representation through “hot” memory practice.This process realizes the effective connection between cultural memory reconstruction and cultural space production.From the dual perspective of cultural memory reconstruction and cultural space production，in order to ensure the steady progress of the construction of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park，we should promote the inclusiveness of space production，ensure the democratization of space production and innovate the situation of space production in the aspects of cultural memory fusion，memory subject participation and cultural memory practice.

Key words：The Grand Canal National Cultural Park； The Grand Canal； cultural memory； space production； cultural space

On the Accessibility of Public Cultural Service from the Perspective of Governance

Cui Na，Liang Xiangming

（Ningxia University，Yinchuan 750000）

（81）

Abstract：The accessibility of public cultural services not only reflects the instrumental rationality of meeting the needs of the people and realizing the sharing of the whole people，but also reflects the return of value rationality of the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity.Based on the development process and practice of China’s public cultural services，and referring to the five dimensions of accessibility proposed by Penchansky and Thomas，this paper puts forward a three-dimensional model of accessibility，affordability and matchability，and analyzes the outstanding problems faced by public cultural services，such as the mismatch of product supply and demand，the inequality of public services，and the imperfection of talent team.Taking the value guidance as the main line，this paper forms the path thinking about the accessibility of China’s public cultural services from three aspects： improving the accessibility，ensuring the matching and improving the affordability.

Key words：perspective of governance； public cultural service； accessibility； path

How “Resonance” Transcends “Acceleration”：the Logical Evolution of Rosa’s Critical View of Good Life

Zhang Yan，Li Yan

（School of Marxism，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310007）

（87）

Abstract：“Good life” is the research theme of Hartmut Rosa’s critical theory.Rosa formed a “critical view of good life” in his theoretical interpretation of “what is good life” “why life is not good” and “how to realize good life”.Among them，Rosa defines good life as the “resonance” relationship between the subject and the world，which is the development based on the “autonomy” supported by Rosa in the past，and realizes the methodological turn of the constructive interpretation of “what is good life”.Correspondingly，Rosa experienced the cognitive deepening from “social acceleration” to “dynamic stability” in his reflective interpretation of “why life is not good”，but in this process，“social acceleration” did not lose its core position，but presented its core connotation with the concept triple of “growth” “acceleration” and “innovation”.In view of the resonance crisis of modern society，Rosa put forward the social form paradigm of “post growth society”，whose core purpose is to replace the “forced growth” model with the “adaptive growth” model，so as to provide a social idea on how to move towards good life.Rosa’s construction，reflection and exploration of good life can not provide a completed plan for the realization of the good life of the Chinese people on specific issues，but it is still a methodological enlightenment.

Key words：Hartmut Rosa； critical theory； good life； resonance； social acceleration

Critique of Judith Butler’s Critical Theory from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

Yang Le

（School of Marxism，Hangzhou Dianzi University，Hangzhou 310018）

（96）

Abstract：As a typical scholar of post-Marxism or contemporary radical left，the influence of Judith Butler’s critical theory in China has expanded from feminism to subject，politics and culture，which has become an important reference in the philosophical and sociological frontier study.However，as the contemporary context and basic method of Chinese humanities and social sciences，historical materialism should become an indispensable criterion for examining post-Marxism.From the perspective of historical materialism，Judith Butler’s critical theory reveals the ideological symptoms of developed capitalist society，while on the one hand，there are also obvious inherent contradictions between concept and reality，concept and practice in Butler’s critical theory.

Key words：critical theory； politics； gender； historical materialism

Rethinking the Relationship between Contemporary Critical Theory and Marxism——From the Perspective of the Debate between Honneth and Forst

Zhou Aimin

（School of Marxism，Tongji University，Shanghai 200092）

（104）

Abstract：The development of contemporary critical theory has not deviated from Marxism，and still adheres to the “critical philosophy” that Marx once elaborated，that is，self-clarification of the struggles and wishes of the age.This special method of critique is also called immanent critique.From Adorno to Habermas，Honneth and later younger critical theorists，they all support immanent critique.Only by looking at the development of contemporary critical theory from this perspective can we more deeply understand and grasp its internal development logic.Taking the debate between Honneth and Forst as the example，it is generally believed that the essence of their debate is the debate between Hegelism and Kantianism.When justifying the normativity of the principle of justice，they did appeal to Hegel and Kant separately，and their mutual accusations were also developed from the perspectives of Hegelism and Kantianism.However，if we limit our understanding of their debate only from the perspective of the debate between Kantianism and Hegelism，many of their other theoretical insights will be overlooked.Looking at the fundamental concerns and basic propositions of their theory from the perspective of “enlightened by Marxism”，these insights can be obtained.These insights also have many inspirations for advancing domestic research on Marxism.Viewing the development of contemporary critical theory from the perspective of Marxism can also help to discern its main problems，that is，the insufficient clarification of the dialectical relationship between norms and power.

Key words：critical theory；immanent critique；Honneth；Forst；justice

Wang Shipeng’s Pragmatism

Zhang Liwen，Dong Kaikai

（School of Philosophy，Renmin University of China，Beijing 100872）

（112）

Abstract：The Wenzhou School （called Yongjia School in ancient times） innovated as the utilitarian school in the integration of various schools in the Song Dynasty.Under the economic and cultural background of Wenzhou where the utilitarian school was prevalent，Wang Shipeng asked，sought and realized the Tao.He believed that self cultivation means to do one’s best，instead of talking the talk.Benevolence is the first importance which with righteousness，propriety，wisdom and trust is the positive nature of in the five constant virtues.The good and evil of nature are originated and controlled by the mind.The gentleman must first learn the right mind，and then can get into the sage’s way.The spiritual morality is accepted by the group，which makes the Chinese nation become a nation of rites and ceremonies.This is detailed in the ancient and modern Zhou Rituals Illustrated by Wang Shipeng.He believed that the first thing a statecraft should do was to make a reform and innovation at present.Public administration is state administration，private administration is domestic administration.As a result，he also wrote a collection of family policy.In addition，he advocated fighting against the state of Jin，and accurate analysis of the situation between war and peace，reflects the spirit of the utilitarian school.

Key words：exploration and enlightenment of the Tao； utilitarian learning； resistance to Jin and revenge； ruling state and dealing with family politics

One Arc of Discourse： An Exploration of Chinese and Western Resources

Chen Zhongyi

（Institute of Foreign Literature，Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Beijing 100732）

（122）

Abstract：Truth and falsehood，kindness and malice，beauty and ugliness are always the main coordinates to measure the value of literature and art.Therefore，the literary and art circles have debated for thousand years or even thousands of years on epistemology，axiology and aesthetic dimension.However，due to the position and method，there is no clear definition of truth and falsehood，kindness and malice，let alone beauty and ugliness.There are not only the reasons of the times and society，but also the choice of the nation，group and individual.It is difficult to generalize.But at the same time，it can not deny the relative objective beauty，universal beauty，such as maternal love，love，and even the beauty of natural landscape.In this way，the complexity of the problem can be imagined.On the contrary，this complexity promotes the continuous development of aesthetics.In connection with the construction of the “Three systems”，how to find the common divisor and concentric circle with both core and extension is the practical issue that the arc of discourse on literary principles must face，that is，how to highlight the outline of discourse system while constructing academic system and disciplinary system.

Key words：Three systems； discourse； issues

On the New Developments of Literary Realism Studies

Wang Shouren

（School of Foreign Studies，Nanjing University，Nanjing 210023）

（129）

Abstract：Realist literature is not “obsolete” or “exhausted”，as some critics claim，but is growing with plural forms，marked by diversity and distinctive features of the time.Current realism studies have also flourished，forming a “new realist turn”.The relationship between literature and reality is viewed from new perspectives，and the traditional concepts，paradigms and cognitions are reexamined and critiqued，manifesting the richness and complexity of the research field.In China，scholars write in Chinese and English，producing two bodies of knowledge concerning foreign literature.It is argued that the two bodies should establish dialogical relationships，and reinforce each other.With their ingenious creative writing and theoretical explorations，contemporary Chinese writers，notably Mo Yan and Yan Lianke，have made great contribution to world realism.This encourages China’s foreign literature scholars to relate their foreign studies to China，and innovate realism studies in the global context.

Key words：realism； reality； truth； body of knowledge； mythorealism

The Discourse Renovation in Foreign Literature Studies：Taking the Western Literary Trends in the 19th Century as An Example

Jiang Chengyong

（Institute of Western Literature and Culture，Zhejiang Gongshang University，Hangzhou 310018）

（135）

Abstract：Chinese academic circles have neglected to cultivate the fertile land of Western literature in the 19th century for a long time because of their excessive pursuit of the Western literature in the 20th century，especially the modernist literature.Therefore，there are overall misjudgments or misinterpretations of the critical literary trends in the 19th century.While the Western literary trends in the 19th century are intricately related to the literary theories and its modern and contemporary literature，it is necessary to make a reflective，systematic and holistic interpretation of the six major literary trends in this period.Considering from the perspectives of humanity，aesthetic modernity，literary concepts and relationships，the original characteristics of these literary trends and the interrelation with each other as well as the connection with the modernist literature in the 20th century are revealed.Returning to the Western literary trends in the 19th century and reinterpreting these concepts help us to achieve an accurate understanding of Western literature in the 19th century as well as modernism in the 20th century.In particular，it is helpful to renew and reconstruct the genealogy of knowledge，academic paradigm and discourse system in the study of foreign literature，literary theory and modern and contemporary literature in China.

Key words：19th century； literary trend； western literature； foreign literature； discourse system

Water Conservancy Dominance Contention： The West Zhejiang Water ConservancyCouncil’s Establishment and Reorganization in Modern Times

Zhang Genfu1，Shao Jiang2

（1.Institute of Chinese History，2.School of Humanities，Zhejiang Normal University，Jinhua 321004）

（143）

Abstract：Since the advent of modern times，the irrigation works in the west of Zhejiang province have suffered severe damage due to wars，migrants’ farming，and floods，droughts and other natural disasters.The Qing government encouraged local autonomy after the implementation of the New Deal （the Constitutional Reform） in the late Qing Dynasty.It was then proposed to establish the West Zhejiang Water Conservancy Council.In the process of setting up，there were fierce disputes about the conservancy power and fund source.Later，the Council，in order to coordinate local water conservancy projects，improved its organization and project resolution system，and made efforts to handle the power relationship between the government and itself as an autonomous organization.It made significant contributions to the water conservancy industry in west Zhejiang.After the Nanjing National Government was established in 1927，Zhejiang set up a Water Conservancy Bureau to unify water conservancy administration，by which it strengthened the government’s leading role and weakened the Council’s power through amendments to the Council’s constitution and related regulations.Therefore，the Council was gradually integrated into the government-led administration system.The Council’s establishment and operation exhibit the social elites’intention to participate in govern mental management and share political power in the political turmoil in modern times.Meanwhile，the social elites，as a political dependency，can only pursue their interests within the existing political framework，with the inability to obstruct the Nanjing National Government’s efforts to rebuild the government’s authority.

Key words：West Zhejiang Water Conservancy Council； dominance； establishment； reorganization

How Intellectuals Face the World?

Sun Xiaoxia

（Law School，Fudan University，Shanghai 200433）

（151）