抗议种族主义的黑人导演影片

唐昉

From Do the Right Thing to Get Out， these films are required viewing. 從《为所应为》到《逃出绝命镇》，这些影片都在必看之列。

Storytelling is an exercise in empathy—it teaches us about worlds beyond our lived experience， bonds us to strangers， and helps us understand struggles we havent personally faced. If youre looking to broaden your worldview， consider exposing yourself to the works of black filmmakers， who speak powerfully to their experiences through their art. Here are a few essential films， which will expand your mind and heart.

Do the Right Thing

Spike Lees 1989 masterpiece about a Brooklyn neighborhood is still one of the most lauded pictures in his filmography. With an expansive ensemble1 cast， the film follows a Brooklyn neighborhood dealing with the stresses of growing racial tension. Spike Lee stars in the film alongside Danny Aiello， Ossie Davis， and Ruby Dee among others. Do the Right Thing ends with a dedication to those who died at the hand of police brutality. The film was nominated for two Academy Awards2 and was inducted into the National Film Registry3.

13th

13th， a Netflix documentary by Ava DuVernay， is an incredible look at how race and the justice system interact with the crippling mass incarceration problem in America. While likening the system to American slavery， DuVernays film skewers the prison industrial complex and sheds a light on the for-profit systems that have deeply corrupted correctional facilities across the United States. The film is celebrated among critics， having nabbed a Best Documentary nomination at the Academy Awards， and an Emmy4 win， to boot5.

I Am Not Your Negro

James Baldwin6 devoted his life to starting essential conversations on race in America， but I Am Not Your Negro tells the story of the one he never had the chance to finish. Baldwin died before he finished Remember This House， which would have explored racism in America through his memories of Medgar Evers， Malcolm X， and Martin Luther King， Jr.7 Narrated by Samuel L. Jackson， I Am Not Your Negro imagines what the finished manuscript would have looked like， incorporating letters written by Baldwin himself.

Fences

Long after his death in 2005， August Wilsons plays still stand as some of the most essential portraits of African-American life ever made. In recent years， Denzel Washington has committed himself to honoring Wilsons legacy—developing adaptations of his plays， starring in them， renovating the August Wilson House—which brought us 2016s Fences， showing us the discrimination the Maxson family faced living in the post-World War II-era， depressed Hill District neighborhood of Pittsburgh.

Fruitvale Station

Nearly a decade ago， 22-year-old Oscar Grant was kneed in the head by BART8 police officers responding to a report of a subway station fight. He died later that day. In his directorial debut—and first collaboration with Michael B. Jordan—Ryan Coogler told Grants devastating story， showing us all of the promise his life had， and everything he did on New Years 2009.

12 Years a Slave

In this Best Picture winner based on an 1853 memoir by Solomon Northrup， Chiwitel Ejiofor plays Northrup， a black man born free in New York who is kidnapped and sold into slavery. The film charts Northrups twelve years of back-breaking work on a southern plantation， as well as his efforts to escape slavery. Directed by Steve McQueen， 12 Years a Slave was celebrated as one of the finest films of the year for its unflinching look at the violence and abuse that black Americans like Northrup were subjected to on plantations.

Get Out

In his unforgettable directorial debut， Jordan Peele uses the tropes of horror films to illustrate the horrors of racism. Daniel Kaluuya stars as Chris， a black man who uncovers a disturbing secret when he accompanies his white girlfriend on a visit home to meet her parents. Funny， frightening， and a trenchant criticism of race relations in America， Get Out opened the door to a new mode of storytelling about the evils of racism.

If Beale Street Could Talk

Based on James Baldwins 1974 novel of the same name， If Beale Street Could Talk is the moving story of Tish and Fonny， a Harlem couple whose bright future is torn apart when Fonny is arrested for a crime he never committed. Directed by Barry Jenkins， the film follows Fonnys trials in the criminal justice system， while Tish carries to term a pregnancy9 that her loved ones consider “doomed，” as she and Fonny cannot marry with Fonny behind bars. In this deeply poignant film， Jenkins depicts love blossoming despite a broken system.

Selma

Directed by Ava DuVernay， Selma is a historical drama about the 1965 Selma to Montgomery voting rights marches led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Representative John Lewis， among others. DuVernay dramatizes King and Lewis efforts to prevent disenfranchisement of black Americans， culminating in their historic marches over the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Perhaps the most emotional element of this rousing story is how little has changed in the decades since， with Lewis still taking the congressional stand to secure a better， fairer future for black Americans10.

The Hate U Give

Based on the popular young adult novel by Angie Thomas， The Hate U Give emphasizes how issues of racism and police brutality are not simply adult problems—rather， they infect the upbringing of black children and teenagers across the country. 16-year-old Starr Carter lives in a traditionally black neighborhood and attends a predominantly white prep school， but everything changes for her when her childhood friend is wrongfully murdered before her very eyes during a routine traffic stop. Despite her efforts to keep her home persona and her school persona separate， Starr is thrust onto the national stage when she speaks out against her friends murder. The film then follows her journey as a nascent activist for racial justice， in all its up and downs. If youre looking to educate the teens and pre-teens in your household about racism and police brutality， sit them down for a screening of The Hate U Give.

講故事是一种培养移情能力的方式，能让我们了解自我生活体验之外的世界，建立与陌生人的联系，并有助于我们理解那些未曾亲身经历的艰苦斗争。您若想拓展视野，不妨看看黑人拍摄的影片。黑人制片人通过艺术手法叙说了他们的种种经历，极具感染力。这里将介绍一些必看影片，开阔您的思维和心灵。

《为所应为》

斯派克·李这部有关布鲁克林社区的杰作于1989年上映，至今仍是其影视作品里备受推崇的一部。片中演员众多，讲述了布鲁克林某社区如何应对日益加剧的种族紧张局势。斯派克·李和丹尼·爱罗、奥西·戴维斯、露比·迪等一起出演了这部影片。《为所应为》片尾配有一段题词，献给那些在警察暴行中丧生的人。该片曾两次获奥斯卡金像奖提名，并列入美国国家电影名册。

《第十三修正案》

《第十三修正案》是阿娃·杜威内导演的一部纪录片，由奈飞公司出品。该片开创性地探究了美国种族及司法制度与危害严重的大规模监禁问题之间的相互影响，并将司法制度比作美国奴隶制，批判了美国监狱产业体系，揭露了严重腐化美国各地管教机构的营利体制。这部电影在影评界广受赞誉，曾获奥斯卡金像奖最佳纪录片提名，此外还赢得了艾美奖。

《我不是你的黑鬼》

詹姆斯·鲍德温毕生致力于开创关于美国种族问题的重要话题，而纪录片《我不是你的黑鬼》讲述的故事却是这位作家从未有机会完成的话题。鲍德温去世时还没完成手稿《记住这房子》，这部作品原本是作者对梅加·埃弗斯、马尔科姆·X和小马丁·路德·金三人的追忆，以此探讨美国种族主义问题。《我不是你的黑鬼》设想了手稿的后续内容，并收录鲍德温本人的书信，由塞缪尔·L.杰克逊担任旁白。

《藩篱》

奥古斯特·威尔逊于2005年去世，但他的戏剧至今仍然是刻画非裔美国人生活的最重要作品。近年来，丹泽尔·华盛顿致力于弘扬威尔逊的戏剧成就：改编威尔逊的剧本、担任剧中主演以及翻新奥古斯特·威尔逊的故居。随后，2016年华盛顿为我们带来影片《藩篱》，展示了马克森一家居住在二战后萧条的匹兹堡希尔社区时所遭受的种族歧视。

《弗鲁特维尔车站》

大约10年前，旧金山湾区捷运系统警察接报处理一起地铁站斗殴事件时，用膝盖压住22岁黑人奥斯卡·格兰特的头部，造成当天晚些时候格兰特死亡。瑞恩·库格勒在其导演处女作（也是他与迈克尔·B.乔丹的首度合作）中，讲述了格兰特的悲惨故事，展示了他人生的全部希望以及他在2009年新年所做的一切。

《为奴十二年》

这部电影改编自所罗门·诺瑟普1853年的自传回忆录，曾获奥斯卡最佳影片奖。切瓦特·埃加福特扮演在纽约出生的自由黑人诺瑟普，后遭绑架并卖为奴隶。影片记录了诺瑟普在南部某种植园12年的艰辛工作，以及他为摆脱奴隶身份所做的努力。《为奴十二年》由史蒂夫·麦奎因执导，大胆地揭示了诺瑟普这类美国黑人在种植园遭受的暴力和虐待，因而获评年度最佳影片之一。

《逃出绝命镇》

这是乔丹·皮尔执导的首部影片，他用恐怖电影手法展现种族主义的残酷，令人印象深刻。丹尼尔·卡卢亚饰演黑人克里斯，陪同白人女友回家探望父母时，发现了一个令人不安的秘密。《逃出绝命镇》情节恐怖、风趣，尖锐地批判了美国的种族关系，开辟了一种讲述种族主义罪恶的新模式。

《假若比尔街能说话》

这部影片改编自詹姆斯·鲍德温1974年出版的同名小说，讲述了蒂什和方尼的感人故事。这对情侣居住在哈莱姆区，方尼无辜被捕后，两人的美好未来毁于一旦。影片由巴里·詹金斯执导，刻画了方尼经历的几场刑事司法审讯，此时已怀有身孕的蒂什在亲友们看来已“劫数难逃”，因为方尼一旦入狱，两人便无法结为夫妻。在这部充满辛酸的影片中，詹金斯描绘了残缺体制下绽放的爱情。

《塞尔玛》

《塞尔玛》是阿娃·杜威内执导的历史剧，讲述了1965年从塞尔玛到蒙哥马利的投票权游行。这场游行由小马丁·路德·金博士、议员约翰·刘易斯和其他黑人领袖领导。杜威内展现了金和刘易斯为阻止美国黑人被剥夺选举权而做出的努力。故事以埃德蒙·佩特斯大桥上具有历史意义的游行告终。也许，这则振奋人心的故事里最令人伤感的是，几十年来种族歧视并没多大改善，刘易斯仍在国会上为美国黑人力争更好、更公平的未来。

《你给的仇恨》

影片改编自安吉·托马斯创作的青年通俗小说，强调种族主义和警察的暴行问题不仅仅涉及成人，还影响着美国黑人儿童和青少年的成长。片中16岁的斯塔尔·卡特居住在传统的黑人社区，在白人居多的预科学校就读。亲眼目睹儿时伙伴在警察例行拦车巡检时被非法枪杀后，她的生活彻底改变了。尽管斯塔尔努力区分自己在家庭和学校间两种不同形象，可她站出来替冤死的挚友作证的那一刻，便成了全国的焦点。随后，影片讲述了她开始积极争取种族平等的历程，一路充满起伏波折。若想让家里的青少年和尚未步入青春期的子女了解种族主义和警察的野蛮行径，不妨让他们坐下来观看《你给的仇恨》。

（译者为“《英语世界》杯”翻译大赛获奖者;单位：四川外国语大学）