诺贝尔的人生

广东 黄园园

受喜欢研究炸药的父亲影响，诺贝尔从小就表现出顽强勇敢的性格。 他经常和父亲一起去做炸药试验，几乎是在轰隆轰隆的爆炸声中度过了童年。

体裁文章词数 建议用时约3877分钟人物传记

难词探意

1. venture /΄ventʃə(r)/ n. 经营项目

2. introverted /΄ɪntrəvзːtɪd/ adj. 内向的

3. vagabond /΄væɡəbɒnd/ n. 漂泊者

4. intensively /ɪn΄tensɪvlɪ/ adv. 集中地

Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on 21 October, 1833.His father, Immanuel Nobel, was an engineer and inventor who built bridges and buildings in Stockholm. Alfred's mother,Andriette Ahlsell, came from a wealthy family.

Successful in his industrial and business ventures,Immanuel Nobel was able, in 1842, to bring his family to St.Petersburg. There, his sons were given the first-class education by private teachers. The training included natural sciences,languages and literature. By the age of 17, Alfred Nobel was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German. His primary interests were in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics. Alfred's father, who wanted his sons to join his enterprise as engineers,disliked Alfred's interest in poetry and found his son rather introverted.

In order to widen Alfred's horizons, his father sent him abroad for further training in chemical engineering. During a two-year period, Alfred Nobel visited Sweden, Germany, France and the United States. In Paris, he worked in the private laboratory of Professor T. J. Pelouze, a famous chemist.There he met the young Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero who, three years earlier, had invented nitroglycerine (硝化甘油), a highly explosive liquid.

Alfred Nobel became very interested in nitroglycerine and how it could be put to practical use in construction work. He also realized that the safety problems had to be solved and a method had to be developed. Together with his father, he performed experiments to develop nitroglycerine as a commercially and technically useful explosive.

Over the years, Alfred Nobel founded factories and laboratories in some 90 different places in more than 20 countries. Although he lived in Paris much of his life, he was constantly traveling. Victor Hugo at one time described him as “Europe's richest vagabond”. When he was not traveling or engaging in business activities, Nobel himself worked intensively in his various laboratories. He focused on the development of explosives technology as well as other chemical inventions. By the time of his death in 1896, he had 355 patents.

Alfred Nobel died in Sanremo, Italy, on 10 December, 1896. When his will was opened, it came as a surprise that his fortune was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine,Literature and Peace.

1. What can we know about Immanuel Nobel?

A. He showed great interest in poetry.

B. He was particular about his sons' behavior.

C. He taught his sons natural sciences and languages.

D. He attached great importance to his sons' education.

2. What did Immanuel Nobel expect Alfred Nobel to be?

A. A doctor. B. An engineer.

C. A writer. D. A chemist.

3. Who invented nitroglycerine?

A. Alfred Nobel. B. Andriette Ahlsell.

C. Ascanio Sobrero. D. T. J. Pelouze.

4. How many prizes was Alfred Nobel's fortune used for according to the text?

A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.

Difficult sentence

There he met the young Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero who, three years earlier, had invented nitroglycerine, a highly explosive liquid. 在那里，他遇到了年轻的意大利化学家Ascanio Sobrero，三年前，他发明了硝化甘油，一种高度爆炸性的液体。

【点石成金】该句中who引导一个定语从句，Ascanio Sobrero为先行词，three years earlier为定语从句中的插入语，起解释说明的作用，将它删掉之后，句子结构依然完整。

关于诺贝尔奖

阿尔弗雷德·伯恩哈德·诺贝尔(Alfred Bernhard Nobel)1833年10月21日出生于瑞典的斯德哥尔摩，是杰出的化学家、工程师、发明家、企业家。 他一生共获得技术发明专利355项，其中用硝化甘油制作炸药的发明最为闻名，他不仅从事研究发明，而且进行工业实践，兴办实业，积累了大量财富。

诺贝尔逝世后，根据他的遗嘱，瑞典有关机构于1900年6月29日专门成立了诺贝尔基金会，并由其董事会管理和发放奖金。 1901年，诺贝尔奖创立并举行第一次颁奖仪式，诺贝尔奖分设物理学、化学、生理学或医学、文学、和平五个奖项。 1968年新设诺贝尔经济学奖。