Module 2 Fantasy Literature

2021-03-26

时代英语·高二 2021年1期

关键词：惩罚

本模块知识网络

behave v. 表现，举动

hesitate v. 犹豫，迟疑

bite v. 咬，咬伤

arch v. 拱起，成弓形

sniff v. （以鼻）吸气，嗅，闻

swim v. 眩晕，头昏眼花

bend v. 弯腰，屈身

dream v. 做梦

marry v. 结婚，娶，嫁

punish v. 惩罚

overcome v. 克服

distribute v. （书报的）发行

accumulate v. 积累，积聚

attain v. 达到，得到

ought v. 应该，应当

possess v. 拥有

hero n. （小说、电影中的）男主角

novel n. 小说

bush n. 灌木，矮树

doubt n. 怀疑

direction n. 方向

tail n. 尾巴

alarm n. 惊慌，恐慌

edge n. 边，边缘

shape n. 形状

cottage n. 小屋

appeal n. 吸引力，魅力

cafeteria n. 自助餐厅

envelope n. 信封

bond n. 纽带，接合剂，黏合剂

output n. （文学等的）作品数量

typewriter n. 打字机

stateswoman n. 在某一领域受尊敬的女性领导人物

flesh n. 肉

format n. （节目、计划等的）构成，安排

anecdote n. 趣聞，轶事

draft n. 草稿

burden n. 负担，重负

adjustment n. 调整

target n. （批评等的）对象

curriculum n. 课程

deposit n. 存款

status n. 身份，地位

sorrow n. 悲哀，伤心，苦难

power n. 力量，能力

square adj. 正方形的

level adj. 同高度的

bare adj. 光秃秃的

awake adj. 醒着的，清醒的

literary adj. 文学的

gifted adj. 有天才的，有天赋的

swift adj. 快的，迅速的

stubborn adj. 顽强的，坚持的

automatic adj. 自动的，习惯性的，自然发生的

thus adv. 因此，所以

常用短语

play an important part in 在……中起重要作用，

对……有重要影响

put down 放下

hold out 伸出

come up to 朝……走过来

turn away 走开

sweep over 向……扩展

keep ones eyes on 注视，盯着看

fix on 注视，凝视

cast about 寻找，搜索，想办法

（be） laden with （空气中）充溢着（某种味道）的

look around for 四处寻找

put a spell on 用咒符镇住

（be） associated with 与……有联系，与……联系在一起

appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力，引起某人的兴趣

（be） restricted to 限于

ahead of 在……前面

look back over ones shoulder 回头看

catch a glimpse of 瞥见

set out 出发，动身

拓展词汇

spyglass n. 小型望远镜

heroine n. （小说、电影中的）女主角

longing n. 渴望

light-headedness n. 头晕，眩晕

schoolchildren n. 小学生，学童

roots n. （喻）根，根基

dawning adj. 开始出现的，开始发展的

magical adj. 魔法的;不可思议的

roughly adv. 大概地，粗略地

动词-ing形式作状语及其相应的状语从句。

词汇短语园地

1. doubt n. 怀疑;疑惑，疑问

v. 怀疑，不相信，不信任

There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.

毫无疑问我们做对了。

in doubt 不确定，怀疑，拿不准

beyond/without doubt 无疑地，确信地

doubt无论是作名词还是动词，如果用在否定句或疑问句中，其后的宾语或同位语从句常用that引导;如果用在肯定句中，其后的从句多用if或whether引导（若是同位语从句，则只能用whether引导，不能用if）。

I never doubted that she would come.

我从未怀疑过她会来。

I doubt if/whether the new one will be any better.

我不敢肯定这个新的是否会好些。

There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match.

他们的足球队是否会赢得比赛还很难说。

2. level adj. 同高度的，等高的;地位相同的

（1） be level with sth 與……等高/地位相同

The childs head is level with his fathers knee.

这孩子已经到他父亲的膝盖那么高了。

Those children want to be level with adults.

那些孩子想要与大人们平起平坐。

（2） level with sb 与某人得分相同

A good second round brought him level with the tournament leader.

他第二轮发挥良好，与锦标赛领先选手得分持平。

level n. 数量，程度;标准，水平;层次，级别;高度

v. 使平坦，使平整;使相等，使相似

level off/out 保持水平，保持平稳发展

level at 瞄准

3. dream v. 做梦;想象，梦想

（1） dream of/about sb/sth 梦见某人/某物

I often dreamed of my younger brother soon after I left home.

刚离开家时，我常梦见弟弟。

（2） dream of/about sth/doing sth 梦想某事/做某事

This was the kind of trip most of us can only dream about.

这是我们大多数人只能梦想的旅行。

dream on 痴心妄想

dream sth away 梦幻似的度过;在遐想中虚度

dream sth up 凭空想出，虚构出

dream n. 梦，睡梦;梦想，理想，愿望

beyond ones wildest dreams 大大超出希望

in ones wildest dreams 无法想象的（地）

dream ticket 梦幻组合，最佳组合，最佳阵容

4. marry v. 结婚，娶，嫁;为……主持婚礼;

把……嫁給某人

（1）marry sb 娶/嫁某人;主持某人的婚礼

She married a German.

她嫁给了一个德国人。

They were married by the local priest.

本地牧师为他们主持了婚礼。

（2） marry sb to sb 把某人嫁给某人

He married his daughter to a teacher.

他把女儿嫁给了一位教师。

be married to sb 与某人结婚（表状态，可延续）

get married to sb 与某人结婚（表动作，不可与表示

一段时间的状语连用）

5. punish v. 惩罚，处罚;对……判罪，判定……

的处罚方式

（1） punish sb for sth/doing sth 因某事/犯某事而惩罚某人

He was punished for refusing to answer their questions.

他因拒不回答他们的问题而受到了惩罚。

（2）punish sth by/with sth 对……判罪，判定……的处罚方式

In those days murder was always punished with the death penalty.

那个时候，谋杀总是判死罪。

punisher n. 处罚者;惩罚者

punishment n. 惩罚，处罚;粗暴对待，虐待

punishable adj. 可以惩罚的;可以处罚的

6. thus adv. 因此，所以;以此方式，这样

thus意为“因此，所以”时，相当于therefore，hence。

He is the eldest son and thus heir to title.

他是长子，因此是这个封号的继承人。

The police tapped the terrorists phone， and the information thus collected was used at their trial.

警方监听了恐怖分子的电话，在审判他们时就使用了以这种方式收集到的情报。

7. ought v. 应该，应当

ought通常与to连用，构成情态动词ought to，其意思是“应该”，与should意思相当，只是语气稍重一些，无人称和时态变化。

（1）表示义务、责任等。

They ought to apologize.

他们应该道歉。

（2）表示期望或可能发生的事。

Children ought to be able to read by the age of 7.

儿童7岁时应该识字了。

（3）表示劝告或建议。

You ought to have come to the meeting. It was too interesting.

你真该出席会议的。它太有意思了。

（4）表示可能发生的或真实的事情。

If he started out at nine， he ought to be here by now.

他如果九点出发，现在应该到这里了。

8. possess v. 拥有，有;具有

The gallery possesses a number of the artists early works.

这座画廊收藏有那位画家的很多早期作品。

Im afraid he doesnt possess a sense of humor.

恐怕他没有什么幽默感。

possession n. 具有，拥有;个人财产，私人物品

in possession of 拥有，占有（主动意义）

in the possession of 为……所拥有（被动意义）

take possession of 占有，拿到，夺取

9. play an important part in 在……中起重要作用，

对……有重要影响

Water conservancy projects play an important part in the fight against floods and droughts.

水利工程在防洪抗旱斗争中起了重要作用。

play a part/role in 参加某活动;担任某任务;

在……中起……作用

play an important role in （doing） sth 在……方面扮演

重要角色

take part in 參加

take ones part 站在某人一边

take an active part in 积极参加

10. fix on 注视，凝视;集中（目光、注意力、思

想等）于

She fixed her eyes on the picture.

她凝视着那幅画。

Its difficult to fix my mind on what I am doing.

我很难把精力集中在我正在做的事情上。

fix on sb/sth 选定，决定

fix sth up 修理，装饰，准备好

11. （be） associated with 与……有联系，与……联

系在一起

associate sb/sth with sb/sth意为“由……联想到，把……与……联系在一起”，（be） associated with是其被动语态。

He is always closely associated with horror movies in the public mind.

在公众的心目中，他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。

与be associated with 意思相近的短语还有：

be connected with 与……有关系/有联系

be connected to 与……相连，把……联系起来

be related to 和……有联系

in connection with 和……有联系

keep in touch with 与……保持联系

have something to do with 与……有关系

12. （be） restricted to 限于，仅限于，限制在……

restrict sth to意思是“限制/限定……在某范围之内”，（be） restricted to是其被动语态。

Access to these documents remains restricted to civil servants.

这些文件仅限公务员使用。

be limited to 局限于

13. set out 出发，动身，启程

set out = set off = set forth，都意为“出发，动身，启程”，只是set forth多用于文学上。

They set out on the last stage of their journey.

他们动身踏上最后一段行程。

We set off for London just after ten.

刚过十点，我们就动身去伦敦了。

We set forth immediately after breakfast.

吃过早饭，我们马上就出发了。

set about 開始做，着手做

set back 使受挫折

set down 记下，写下，登记

set up 竖立，建造;建立，创立

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

Bessie Coleman

Born in Texas， Coleman moved to Chicago to find a job， but she became interested in the stories she heard from pilots returning from World War I. However， her race and her gender （性别） kept her out of flight schools in the US， so she made her way to France where she could learn flying. When she returned to Chicago， Coleman had difficulty finding jobs， so she chose to be a stunt （特技） pilot. She was the first black female pilot in the US and was an inspiration to early pilots and to African Americans and Native Americans.

Bessica Raiche

Bessica Raiche drove a car， shot guns and practiced medicine. Besides， she was an accomplished artist and musician. But on Oct. 13， 1910， Raiche became the first American woman to make a flight in an aircraft by herself. Raiches aviation （航空） career was short， as she moved to Southern California to focus on her career in medicine， later becoming president of the Orange County Medical Association.

Willa Brown

Willa Brown was the first African American woman to earn both a pilots license （1938） and a commercial license （1939）. As a former schoolteacher and social worker， Brown set up the Coffey School of Aeronautics at Chicagos Harlem Airport， which later became the first government-approved aviation training school for African Americans.

Peggy Whitson

At 57， Peggy Whitson was the worlds oldest spacewoman. She has spent 500 days off Earth—more than any other woman， and in 2008， she became the first female commander of the International Space Station （ISS）. She made her eighth space walk on March 30， 2017 and she beat the current record for women of 50 hours and 40 minutes of total spacewalking time.

1. Why did Bessie Coleman move to France？

A. To learn stunt skills.

B. To find a well-paid job.

C. To take part in World War I.

D. To achieve her flying dream.

2. Who made a contribution to aviation education？

A. Bessie Coleman. B. Bessica Raiche.

C. Willa Brown. D. Peggy Whitson.

3. What do the four people have in common？

A. They suffered unfair treatment at work.

B. They were outstanding women pilots.

C. They received no good education.

D. They had great creativity.

German artist HA Schult is an unusual artist who uses trash （廢物） to make sculptures. “We are living in the time of garbage，” says Schult. “I created a thousand sculptures of garbage. They are a mirror of ourselves.” Here， Schult was talking about his 1，000 trash sculptures in the form of humans. He first exhibited them in 1996 in the western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

“They are social sculptures，” he explains. “They are not only sculptures for the eyes. They are sculptures to spread the idea that we live in a time of garbage.” So far， Schults social sculptures have been on show in Paris， in Moscows Red Square， on the Great Wall of China， and in the desert next to the Giza Pyramids near Cairo.

HA Schults work is unforgettable. Although his work has had a big influence on the art world， Schult remains humble about his creations： “Artists have to learn every time. We are not important. All that is important is the time in which we are living.”

Trash art has been around for years. But it seems that only the popular artists are regarded as true artists when working with trash. Why cant common people be considered artists when they use the same things and change them into some form of personal art？ Maybe its because we all have our own preset ideas of what art is and isnt， or who artists are or should be.

You can be an artist like Schult if you try. Look at used metal cans. Imagine them in any number of new uses， or imagine them simply as an art form. What about boxes or clothing？ Boxes can usually serve as new storage containers and houses for pets. And clothing？ Imagine taking old clothes and turning them into hats or hanging organizers.

4. What do we know about Schults sculptures？

A. They were first shown in Paris.

B. They show people the problem of trash.

C. They are mainly about social relationship.

D. They are designed in the shape of garbage.

5. What word can best describe HA Schult？

A. Careful. B. Humorous.

C. Modest. D. Optimistic.

6. According to Paragraph 4， the author might agree that ___ .

A. trash art is not a real art form

B. it is difficult to be a true artist

C. preset ideas are important to artists

D. ordinary people can also be trash artists

7. What is the best title for the text？

A. Could You Be a Trash Artist？

B. What Are Social Sculptures？

C. Do You Know About Trash Art？

D. How Can We Deal with Used Cans？

Its 13：30 and 28-year-old Marten Pellas smartphone starts pinging， a signal that its time for us to stop working around his living room table and instead start our workout routine together. A cartoon character wearing bright red shorts on video begins instructing us to do star-jumps and sit-ups around his apartment.

Pella， a research assistant at Stockholm University， is part of the Hoffice movement， which invites workers—freelancers （自由職业者） or full-time employees who can do their jobs remotely—to work at each others homes to increase productivity and enjoy an active social life.

Those attending Hoffice events advertised on Facebook are typically asked to work silently in 45-minute blocks， before taking short breaks together to exercise， or simply chatting over a coffee. In addition， each participant shares daily objectives with the rest of the group upon arrival， and is invited to report back on whether or not they have achieved them at the end of the day.

“Often when I am alone， I can work focused for a couple of hours but then Im easily distracted （分心）. The help of others makes me so much more disciplined.” says Pella， who attends Hoffice events as both a guest and a host. Lunches mean networking and connecting with new contacts. “People are coming from really different areas and have different professions so there can be really interesting discussions，” he says.

The Hoffice movement has grown quickly since it was founded in 2014 by Swedish psychologist Christofer Franzen. He had been giving lectures on the benefits of collective （集体的） intelligence， but realised he was spending most of his own time working alone at his kitchen table. “I wanted to test more structured home co-working with friends in similar situations，” he says.

Franzen says that holding events in houses and apartments creates a unique atmosphere， because theres a sense of community and desire to contribute. Hes looking for ways to expand the social value of Hoffice， by matching up members with relevant skills to share and even encouraging jobseekers to join its gatherings.

8. Where was Pella when his smart phone starts pinging？

A. In his office. B. In his own home.

C. In another persons home. D. At Stockholm University.

9. What do people attending Hoffice events do first when they meet？

A. Watch an exercise video.

B. Work silently for 45 minutes.

C. Tell each other their daily plans.

D. Report what they have achieved.

10. What does Franzen really mean by saying “friends in similar situations”？

A. They usually work alone.

B. They often give lectures.

C. They study collective intelligence.

D. They have to work at a kitchen table.

11. What can be the best title for the text？

A. A New Way to Make New Friends

B. Benefits of Collective Intelligence

C. Sharing Comfortable Workplaces

D. Working from Others Homes

You cant always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. Thats why he created Lampbrella， a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella.

The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once， I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy （傘篷） built into a street lamp，” he said.

The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors （传感器） then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.

In addition to the rain sensor， theres also a 360°motion sensor on the fiberglass （玻璃纤维） street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used， the canopy is closed.

According to the designer， the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed， so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides， it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed （安装） at 2 metres off the ground， it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.

While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production， Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department， and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.

12. Why did Belyaev create the Lampbrella？

A. To predict a heavy rain.

B. To check the weather forecast.

C. To protect people from the rain.

D. To remind people to take an umbrella.

13. What do we know from Belyaevs words in Paragraph 2？

A. His creation was inspired by an experience.

B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.

C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.

D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.

14. Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works？

A. motor→canopy→sensors

B. sensors→motor→canopy

C. motor→sensors→canopy

D. canopy→motor→sensors

15. What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella？

A. Its moving speed. B. Its appearance.

C. Its installation. D. Its safety.

Everyone wants to succeed in their life， dont they？ Even as a teenager， you can achieve success in your life; it really isnt that hard. 1

· Do well in school. No matter how boring it is now， education will help you be a productive member in society. Try your best for excellence in school. Doing so will help you get into a better university， which will enable you to have a bright future. 2

· Do good in your community. Volunteering can not only improve your communitys status， but could make you happier. 3 For example， if you love animals， volunteer at an animal shelter. If you love helping the environment， plant trees or pick up litter. When you help others， it will make you feel better about yourself.

· 4 Remember， theyre there to help you be the best that you can be. Respect them and value their opinions， even if they annoy you sometimes. 5You dont get to choose your teachers or your family， but you still have to put up with them. Learn how to deal with people now， because when youre an adult， you dont get to choose your boss or your co-workers， so learn how to respect them now.

A. Live life to the fullest.

B. School sets you up on the right track！

C. Be nice to your parents and teachers.

D. Find chances to do volunteer work that interests you.

E. It will help you pass time and develop your personality.

F. Here are some important points that you may find helpful.

G. Keep in mind that they do the things because they care about you.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

I had just walked in the door after dropping off the dress I had made for a friends daughter when I received a message from my1 . “I know you worked hard on the dress and it looks very2 ， but Janet doesnt like all those sequins （亮片）. Could you3it？”

I was4and wanted to call her back but I suddenly thought of Grandma and what she had once5for me when I was eight.

One day， Grandma spent a long time curling my hair. I could tell she enjoyed6my hair. When she7it she seemed very satisfied. She was so8that she had me stand on a chair to look in the mirror. My heart sank. I looked9 .

“You can go out and10now，” Grandma said with11 .

I nodded and12walked down the stairs. I looked out of the small window in the door and could see the neighborhood kids playing games. I knew everyone would13my curls. At the same time I couldnt go back and tell Grandma how I14 .

Finally I went upstairs. I said in a15voice， “Grandma， my hairs too curly.”

She didnt say a word， combed out all my curls， and then stood me back on the16so I could see in the mirror.

It was when Grandma took out the curls that I knew she17me. Grandma had put my feelings18hers. That is the kind of love I try to19today.

Keeping that20in my mind， I called my friend back. “Id be glad to change the dress，” I said.

1. A. boss B. daughter C. friend D. neighbor

2. A. nice B. simple C. small D. different

3. A. repair B. change C. wear D. decorate

4. A. sad B. excited C. angry D. exhausted

5. A. made B. recorded C. written D. done

6. A. drying B. washing C. cutting D. styling

7. A. prepared B. finished C. touched D. held

8. A. interested B. careful C. focused D. proud

9. A. young B. fat C. funny D. beautiful

10. A. study B. dance C. play D. search

11. A. smiles B. worries C. tears D. fears

12. A. patiently B. happily C. immediately D. slowly

13. A. care for B. laugh at C. point at D. pick up

14. A. decided B. left C. wished D. felt

15. A. strange B. low C. terrible D. sleepy

16. A. chair B. table C. bed D. ground

17. A. needed B. missed C. loved D. trusted

18. A. on B. beside C. up D. before

19. A. turn to B. pass on C. join in D. keep up

20. A. task B. memory C. dream D. matter

下列各句均有1個错误，请改正。

1. It could be no doubt that there was something between the pair. ____

2. Scientists have to come up to new methods of increasing the worlds food supply. ____

3. Property owners try to keep their eyes in future developments in house prices. ____

4. Little did I dream hearing such fantastic music which was written by Schubert. ____

5. They worked round the clock， hope to finish the task ahead of time. ____

1﹒這项工程将会对鼓励贫困地区义务教育的普及起重要作用。（play an important part in）

2﹒如果您有什么疑问，请不要犹豫，直接联系我。（hesitate）

3﹒风向就是风吹来的方向。（direction）

4﹒他心里盘算着，想找一个恰当的理由来解释自己为什么没有出现在会议上。（cast about）

5﹒Vincent过来看她，却被她打发走了。（come up to）

跟踪导练（二）

THEN WE CAME TO THE END

Joshua Ferris

The first novel by American author Joshua Ferris was so different， because it is written in the second person; the group of odd （古怪的） office colleagues talk and act as a collective. It must have been hard to maintain， but Ferris does a great job. It is really a good novel set in boring office environments.

THE GRAPES OF WRATH

John Steinbeck

Obviously a classic and still popular， the themes of this novel are timeless and echo just us strongly today. Set during the Great Depression， the story follows a family of “Okies”—poor migrant farmers from Oklahoma—as they head west seeking work.

PROPERTY

Lionel Shriver

Short stories from one of our best contemporary writers. Exploring the theme of possessions and ownership from many angles， this is certainly one for Marie Kondo fans. I have long been interested in what it is about things that can hook some people. The drive to possess items that serve no obvious purpose is most appealing to me. Fine， if an item is something given to you by someone special. But if you take a look around you， some things are probably simply useless and unmemorable. Shrivers book explores it better.

THE LOVE THAT I HAVE

James Maloney

This absorbing story is about Margot Baumann， who takes a job in a mail-room in what， as later becomes clear， is a concentration camp. The amazing thing is the perspective it gives of German life during World War Ⅱ. Of course not all Germans， probably the large majority， had any real idea of what was going on. Within Margots immediate circle you see the reactions among the German population to the rise and fall of their beloved—or hated Fuhrer （元首）， and nation.

1. Who may be liked by Marie Kondo fans？

A. Joshua Ferris. B. John Steinbeck.

C. Lionel Shriver. D. James Maloney.

2. What is special about THE LOVE THAT I HAVE？

A. It follows a family of “Okies”.

B. It is set in boring office environments.

C. It tells stories about a contemporary writer.

D. It explores the rise and fall of a nation in the world.

3. For whom is this text mainly intended？

A. Novelists. B. Book addicts.

C. Editors. D. Story tellers.

William Butler Yeats， a most famous Irish writer， was born in Dublin on June 13， 1865. His childhood lacked the harmony （和睦） that was typical of a happy family. Later， Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact， he inherited （繼承） excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature， particularly drama and poetry.

Yeats had strong faith in coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theater in the late 1890s. His early theatrical experiments， however， were not received favorably at the beginning. He didnt lose heart， and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.

Compared with his dramatic works， Yeatss poems attract much admiring notice. The subject matter includes love， nature， history， time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms， he brought modern sensibility （情感） to them. As his literary life progressed， his poetry grew finer and richer， which led him to worldwide recognition.

He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the Nobel Price in 1923. Yet， he continued writing almost to the end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40， he would probably now be valued as a minor poet， for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. After Yeatss death in 1939， W. H. Auden wrote， among others， the following lines：

Earth， receive an honoured guest：

William Yeats is laid to rest.

Let the Irish vessel lie

Emptied of its poetry.

4. Which of the following can best describe Yeatss family？

A. It filled Yeatss childhood with laughter.

B. It was shocked by Yeatss choice.

C. It was a typically wealthy family.

D. It had an artistic atmosphere.

5. What do we know about Yeatss life？

A. He founded the first Irish theater.

B. He stuck to modern forms in his poetry.

C. He was not favored by the public until 1923.

D. He began to produce his best works from 1915.

6. What kind of feeling is expressed in W. H. Audens lines？

A. Worry. B. Pity.

C. Emptiness. D. Respect.

7. What is the text mainly about？

A. Yeatss literary achievements.

B. Yeatss historical influence.

C. Yeatss artistic ambition.

D. Yeatss national honor.

We may be only three weeks into December， but artist Jonnie Hartman has been in the holiday spirit for months， designing and building the Grand America Holiday Window Stroll.

The goal with each window stroll is to create playful and uplifting displays， according to Hartman. “I really try to do something light-hearted， something whimsical， that is， something everyone can connect with and maybe not see every day in the real world，” Hartman said.

She designs all of the window displays by hand， starting with pencil sketches （素描）， then illustrating the designs on her computer and sending parts of the drawings to be printed. From there， Hartman works with a team of five people to build the displays， creating， sewing and embellishing （潤色） many elements by hand.

However， a challenge Hartman has faced over the years as she has designed the displays is making sure all of the measurements are right for elements to fit inside the windows.

“When I was in college， I was an art major， and I thought， I dont need math. I will never use it. Im an artist， and guess what， its the most important thing that I use，” Hartman said. “If I dont get that right， then the windows dont fit， the pieces dont come together and it just doesnt work out.”

The holiday window stroll gives Hartman a special opportunity to hear feedback from those who observe her creations， which is something she doesnt always get to experience with her other artworks. She said its fun to hear peoples reactions as they go through the holiday window stroll.

“It just makes me happy that I can kind of set the tone for peoples holiday season and just maybe bring a smile to their face，” Hartman said.

8. What word can replace the underlined word “whimsical” in Paragraph 2？

A. Serious. B. Exciting.

C. Unusual. D. Ordinary.

9. What challenges Hartman most in designing the displays？

A. To sew. B. To fit.

C. To measure. D. To draw.

10. What does Hartman think about math now？

A. It is too difficult for her.

B. She values it very much.

C. She still thinks its useless.

D. Its not suitable for her to learn.

11. Why is the holiday window stroll special for Hartman？

A. It just can make her happy.

B. She has a chance to create by hand.

C. It can help improve her other artworks.

D. She can get some remarks from the viewers.

In fiction and literature， the canon is the collection of works considered representative of a period or genre. The collected works of William Shakespeare， for instance， would be part of the canon of Western literature.

The accepted body of work that includes the canon of Western literature has changed over the years. Some works become less proper in the canon as theyre replaced by more modern counterparts （對应物）. For instance， the works of Shakespeare and Chaucer are still considered significant. But lesser-known writers of the past， such as William Blake and Matthew Arnold， have faded in relevance， replaced by modern counterparts like Ernest Hemingway， Langston Hughes and Toni Morrison.

In religious terms， a canon is a standard of judgment. Sometimes within religious traditions， as views evolve or change， some formerly canonical texts become “apocryphal （伪经的）”， meaning outside the field of whats considered representative. Some apocryphal works never won formal acceptance but are influential nevertheless. An example of an apocryphal text would be the Gospel of Mary a highly debatable text not widely recognized in the Church， but believed to be the words of one of Jesus closest companions.

Many teachers and schools rely on the canon to teach students about literature， so its necessary that it includes works that are representative of society， providing an introduction to a given point in time. This， of course， has led to many debates among literary scholars over the years， and arguments about which works are worthy of further examination and study are likely to continue as cultural standards and habits change and evolve.

By studying canonical works of the past， we can get a new appreciation for them in a modern perspective.

12. The canon refers to literary works that ___ .

A. are reprinted many times

B. have large groups of readers

C. have great social and economic value

D. are recognized as classics in one field

13. Why does the canon change over time？

A. New methods are used to evaluate works.

B. More works in the similar styles come out.

C. Works that are better valued may stand out.

D. People become less interested in old works.

14. Paragraph 3 suggests that the value of apocryphal works can be ___ .

A. high B. low

C. limited D. obvious

15. What can we learn from Paragraph 4？

A. Canon use can influence the education quality.

B. Todays canon used for education is out of date.

C. Modern students are less familiar with canonical works.

D. Educators should improve childrens interest in learning.

The Roll of a Lifetime

Since the age of three， Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer. That ambition1ended one night in 2010. Hill was in a car accident that left her paralyzed （癱痪的） from the waist down. For most people， that would have2any hope of a dancing career. For Hill， it was the beginning. Far from being an obstacle， her wheelchair3her courage. She wanted to prove that she was still “normal”， whatever normal meant.

Normal for her meant4 ， so Hill did it in her wheelchair right alongside her nondisabled high school dance team. Half of her body was taken5from her. It definitely took a lot of bumping （碰撞） and patience.

After graduation， Hill wanted to6her dance network to7women like her. She met people online who had8various spinal cord injuries （脊髓损伤） but shared her9 ， and she invited them to dance with her.

Hoping to10more people in a larger city， Hill moved to Los Angeles and formed a team of dancers with11she calls the Rollettes. Dancing on12 ， the Rollettes discovered， can be just as fast-paced and fulfilling as the footbased variety. In disabled dance competitions around the country， theyre having fun， and as the audiences13reactions indicate， the fun is infectious.

Hill has14what many of us never will： her childhood dream. The Rollettes have helped her find something else just as fulfilling. Every year she holds a dance15for wheelchair users and in 2019， 173 participants from ten countries attended. For many， being part of the Rollettes was really great. It was the first time theyd felt they16 . “I had a girl say it was the most empowering thing when she17into a room and everyone was at eye level，” Hill told CBS News.

The dancers arent the only ones feeling18 . One woman saw a YouTube video of the team competing and commented， “You guys are so19 ！ Im in tears when you rock！ To be in a wheelchair and20be so beautiful makes me know I can be beautiful too！”

1. A. simply B. nearly C. suddenly D. really

2. A. approached B. abandoned C. raised D. ruined

3. A. proved B. offered C. created D. indicated

4. A. dream B. performance C. dancing D. teamwork

5. A. away B. in C. out D. off

6. A. design B. expand C. employ D. change

7. A. include B. contact C. protect D. cure

8. A. suffered B. lacked C. treated D. escaped

9. A. accomplishment B. identification

C. determination D. requirement

10. A. interview B. entertain C. educate D. reach

11. A. illnesses B. injuries C. pains D. disabilities

12. A. wheels B. chairs C. stages D. feet

13. A. immediate B. enthusiastic C. extreme D. distant

14. A. experienced B. applied

C. attained D. accumulated

15. A. camp B. club C. party D. show

16. A. lived B. succeeded C. appeared D. belonged

17. A. walked B. rolled C. rushed D. wandered

18. A. engaged B. determined C. inspired D. delighted

19. A. talented B. amazing C. energetic D. special

20. A. just B. ever C. only D. still

After college I wanted to make a difference in the world， so I became a volunteer teacher and1（send） to Namibia. Honestly， my first choice wasnt Africa， but I am extremely grateful that I had the chance. So with a group of2（equal） eager young graduates， I went on my journey.

Schools were quite bare， and the students3（ have） tiring days， walking miles to get to school often barefoot. With their mountains4work at home， few possessions and little opportunity， these 6（child） were joyful， which I admired.

This6（be） my first time living abroad in a different culture， simply getting used to the living conditions was7big adjustment. I had no electricity， running water， phone or the Internet. Imagine no air-conditioning at a place8the temperature often goes beyond 38 degrees Celsius！ Some days it was just too hot to move.

However， I could end each day with a9（glory） African sunset. And at night， I had a light-pollution-free view of the entire Milky Way. Before Namibia， I never thought I would survive in such an environment. My experience awakened me to not only the limitations10（place） on ourselves， but also our amazing ability to adapt. Stepping out of your comfort zone in another culture will certainly make your life worthwhile.

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10.

Last week， I went to a painting exhibition. When enter the gallery， I put on the earphones which would give me informations of all the paintings. Suddenly， I noticed that the elderly woman who didnt know how to use the earphones stood anxiously in front of a painting. I rushed to him without hesitation but helped her put on the earphones. The woman thanks me for my kindness. I realized that was reaching out to others that could really bring a great moment of happiness， which was benefit to me so much. That day when I appreciated lots of breathtaking paintings. Whats more， I learned a valuable lesson from the grateful smile giving by the elderly woman.

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。

bend bite cottage edge hero

hesitate marry punish square tail

1. Obviously， the writers have entered into the feeling of their ____ .

2. Frank was so backward that he ____ to ask the girl to dance.

3. Unless you wear boots you may get ____ by snakes in the rainforest.

4. We were at the ____ of the bus queue because of wasting too much time in the nearby shop.

5. Dont put the glass on the ____ of the table; it may get knocked off.

6. Anything that is ____ has four equal sides and four equal angles.

7. Sophia， ____ over her books， made no answer to the person who spoke to her.

8. His wife， to whom he had been ____ for thirty years， was childless.

9. Thanks to the fine weather， we had a very restful holiday at our country ____ .

10. The boy ____ for his absence from two lessons yesterday.

1﹒因为太顽皮，Jack刚买几天的T恤就已经穿得完全走样了。（lose ones shape）

2﹒尽管他们的日子过得很艰苦，但是他们没有伸手要政府的救济。（hold out）

3﹒你是现在付款，还是让我把账记在你的名下？（put down）

4﹒我总是盯住那个球而忘了其他所有的事。（keep ones eyes on）

5﹒Mike还站在窗前没有走开。（turn away）

跟踪导练（三）

The Nobel Prize Winners in Literature

Rabindranath Tagore （1913）

Prize motivation （獲奖原因）： because of his deep sensitive， fresh and beautiful poetry， with perfect skills， he has made his poetic thought， expressed in his own English words， a part of the literature of the West.

William Faulkner （1949）

Prize motivation： for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel.

Ernest Miller Hemingway （1954）

Prize motivation： for his mastery of the art of narrative， most recently demonstrated （表現） in The Old Man and the Sea.

John Steinbeck （1962）

Prize motivation： for his realistic and imaginative writings， combining as they do sympathetic humor and keen social perception （社会知觉）.

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill （1953）

Prize motivation： for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant speech skills in defending noble human values.

Claude Simon （1985）

Prize motivation： he in his novel combines the poets and the painters creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the description of the human condition.

Mo Yan （2012）

Prize motivation： he， with dreamlike realism， combines folk tales， history and the contemporary.

Bob Dylan （2016）

Prize motivation： for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.

1. Who won the Noble Prize for his specific work instead of lifelong achievements？

A. John Steinbeck. B. Ernest Miller Hemingway.

C. William Faulkner. D. Winston Churchill.

2. Who is connected with American song tradition？

A. Mo Yan. B. Claude Simon.

C. Bob Dylan. D. Rabindranath Tagore.

3. Who described real life experience in his historic works？

A. Mo Yan. B. John Steinbeck.

C. Winston Churchill. D. Ernest Miller Hemingway.

At a farm off Narrow Lane near Lexington， Kentucky， US， old-fashioned houses look over the little red barn （谷仓）. The farm is mostly empty now. Jim Mahan and his family， who lived there for generations， have moved to a different plot of land in northern Fayette County. As land is sold， houses go up where there once were fields.

But during the summer， the barn is filled with city kids who have come to enjoy the farm. Theyre members of the Fayette County Livestock （FCL） Club， which showcases skills as varied as cutting wool. The barn is where they look after the animals.

The dozen or so children who take care of their goats and sheep at the little red barn must do a six-hour class before they get an animal. They pay for their own animals and get special club programs， such as one that provides vet care.

Mahan lets the group use the barn for free， and the kids spend up to three hours a day there during the summer. But as his land gets sold， he doesnt know whether the club can continue. What makes the FCL Club special is that most of the kids cant just walk out their doors and take care of their animals. Most are driven to the barn by their mothers， who usually hang around and chat as their kids exercise the animals.

There are valuable lessons learned along the way. For instance， dont cut wool off your goat when there is wind， and sheep are social animals and will cry loudly when separated. “Tending （照顧） to animals helps teach us responsibility. Unlike learning to shoot an arrow， caring for an animal isnt something you can simply abandon，” said Carly Playforth， 16， of Lexington.

4. What are the kids required to do before they begin to look after the animals？

A. Attend a class. B. Pay certain money.

C. Have varied skills. D. Get special club programs.

5. What do we know about the club？

A. They pay for their use of the barn.

B. They let mothers care for animals.

C. They offer services unconditionally.

D. They allow mothers to go to the farm with their kids.

6. How does Carly Playforth feel about the experience？

A. Doubtful. B. Moved.

C. Meaningful. D. Excited.

7. What is the text mainly about？

A. Kids life on a sold farm.

B. Valuable lessons learned on the farm.

C. A club activity of caring for farm animals.

D. A special club intended for Lexington kids.

Arthur Miller was born on October 17th， 1915 and died on February 10th， 2005. Over the course of seven decades of literature career， Arthur Miller created some of the most memorable stage plays in American Literature. He is the author of Death of a Salesman and The Crucible. Born and raised in Manhattan， Miller went through the best and the worst of American society.

Arthur Millers childhood： His father was a productive shop?keeper and clothing manufacturer until the Great Depression dried up nearly all business opportunities. Yet， despite being faced with poverty， Miller made the best of his childhood. He was a very active young man， in love with sports such as football and baseball. When he wasnt playing outside， he enjoyed reading adventure stories. He was also kept busy by his many boyhood jobs. He often worked alongside his father. During other times in his life， he delivered bakery goods and worked as a clerk in a car parts warehouse.

College life： In 1934， Miller left the east coast to attend the University of Michigan. He was accepted into their school of journalism. His experiences during the Depression made him skeptical about religion. Politically， he began leaning towards the “left”. And since the theater was the cutting edge way for socio?economic liberals （自由主義者） to express their views， he decided to enter the Hopwood Drama competition. His first play， No Villain， received an award from the university. It was an impressive beginning for the young playwright; he had never studied plays or playwriting， and he had written his play in just five days！

Millers later years： In 1987， his autobiography was published. Many of his later plays dealt with personal experience. In particular， his final play， Finishing the Picture mirrors the last days of his marriage to Marilyn Monroe. In 2005， Arthur Miller passed away at the age of 89.

8. What can we know about Arthur Miller from Paragraph 2？

A. He was born into a poor family.

B. His father wasnt good at business.

C. He couldnt adjust himself to poverty.

D. He had to do lots of jobs to make a living.

9. What can we infer from Paragraph 3？

A. Miller learned playwriting all by himself.

B. Millers university education made him doubt religion.

C. The University of Michigan is on the east coast of the USA.

D. Socio?economic liberals were probably not politically “left”.

10. Which play tells the story of Arthur Miller and Marilyn Monroe？

A. No Villain. B. The Crucible.

C. Death of a Salesman. D. Finishing the Picture.

11. What is the writers purpose of writing this text？

A. To introduce Arthur Millers plays.

B. To tell us about Arthur Millers childhood.

C. To explain how Arthur Miller started to write plays.

D. To give us a brief introduction to Arthur Millers life.

For decades， research has shown that childrens books not only provide great pleasure to readers， but they can also play an important role in childrens academic and social success. In 1974， researchers reported that sixth-grade children who had been read to form an early age developed into better readers and valued reading more than the sixth graders who had not been to did， and they expected to continue reading throughout their lives. Others have determined that the more time children spend reading literature， the better their reading and writing abilities will be. Significant increases have been found in young childrens comprehension and vocabulary skills， their understanding of sentence structure and story structure as a result of their being read to form an early age， either at home or in school. Children who have access to literature and stories in their homes have been found to learn to read more quickly， and have better attitudes toward reading. Teachers who provide time for continuous silent reading， who share books and discuss book authors with children during the school day， positively influence those childrens reading outside school. And the National Assessment of Educational Progress claim that children who frequently read for enjoyment out of school are better readers.

Because childrens literature is so valuable to children， it should also be valuable to their teachers. And its unfortunate that something that can play such an important role in childrens lives is often moved into a less than important role in teacher education.

This article discusses three important issues （重要議题） about the position of childrens literature in teacher﹣preparation programs. They are：（1） Respect for childrens literature content in teacher education. （2） The value of childrens literature as a powerful educational tool. （3） Childrens literature as an important literary form.

12. What does the author want to show by mentioning the research results in 1974？

A. The development of reading ability in sixth graders.

B. The ways of teaching children to become better readers.

C. The importance of early reading in childrens academic

growth.

D. The differences in reading skills between sixth graders and

pre-school children.

13. According to the author， better readers are those who ___ .

A. find pleasure in reading books

B. do better in reading tests in school

C. can find out structure of stories they read

D. have the habit of reading books for fun outside school

14. What does the text mainly talk about？

A. Childrens books are valuable to develop their reading

and writing ability.

B. Parents play an important role in childrens academic growth.

C. Educating children at an early age is quite necessary.

D. Childrens books are worth reading by teachers.

15. What will the paragraph following the text most probably discuss？

A. The types of childrens literature.

B. The publication of childrens books.

C. The use of childrens literature in teacher education programs.

D. The role of childrens books in childrens academic development.

Many years have passed， but she still remembers the last day of her whole class. They got together to say goodbye to their1schooldays. She wonders herself if any of them still remembers their2 . Now that time has covered the past memories with layers of dust and3each fate beyond any expectations.

The jolly “dwarf” of the class has now4a successful businessman. The shy skinny “bookworm” is now a talented PhD， trying his luck in some5land in the Western atmosphere. The naughty tomboy has6away her carefree laughter in exchange for a sheltered， comfortable life. And she， a literature addict， was driven by an inner force to put her7aside and become a8instead.

She decided to9her old teacher， who had sowed the seed for the cause of nurturing （培養） people in her directionless mind10his poetical lessons. She used to dream of the enlightened （有见识的） faces of her11and their round eyes running over every page of the books. Yet， at the most12turn of her lifes course， she didnt13literature for her career， for she had been told that literature is just like a magical paradise to which the way is extremely14 .

Her hands are so small;15can they hold the depths and the fullness that literature can bring？ Still， she promises herself to16on， bearing in mind the last17of her dear teacher， “Dont18about what you give or receive. Learn to live generously to enjoy life， even when its not generous toward us.”

Now， she is a teacher， yet she has to continue learning many difficult19of life. The more she20 ， the better she understands the value of her teachers last lesson.

1. A. oldest B. dearest C. hardest D. longest

2. A. successes B.failures C. lessons D. promises

3. A. changed B. supported C. organized D. developed

4. A. fought against B. stood for C. turned into D. found out

5. A. large B. distant C. poor D. past

6. A. blown B. carried C. washed D. thrown

7. A. pen B. cup C. box D. letter

8. A. worker B. officer C. teacher D. writer

9. A. assist B. follow C. visit D. leave

10. A. beyond B. among C. across D. through

11. A. students B. roommates C. relatives D. friends

12. A. expensive B. effective C. decisive D. creative

13. A. write B. choose C. get D. find

14. A. smooth B. perfect C. difficult D. rough

15. A. how B. when C. why D. where

16. A. call B. act C. go D. live

17. A. words B. results C. notes D. chances

18. A. bring B. talk C. set D. care

19. A. problems B. lessons C. vocabularies D. passages

20. A. introduces B. forgets C. experiences D. donates

My doorbell rings at 11 am. On the step， I find an elderly Chinese lady holding the hand of a little boy. In her other hand1（be） a paper bag. She is the little boys grandmother， and her daughter， Nicole， bought2house next door last October. Nicole has3（obvious） told her mother that I am having a heart operation shortly， and the result is that her mother has decided4（supply） me with meals.

I know what is inside the paper bag — a bottle of hot soup and a5（contain） with a meal of rice， vegetables and meat. Its become a daily occurrence.

Communication between us is somewhat difficult because she doesnt speak English and all I can say in Chinese is hello. Once， she6（bring） an iPad as well as the food. She pointed to the screen，7showed a message from her daughter telling me that her mother wanted to know8the food was all right for me.

So here we are， two grandmothers， neither of9（we） able to speak the others language but communicating one way or another （with some help from technology）. The doorbell keeps10（ring） and there is the familiar brown paper bag， handed smilingly to me.

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10.

用方框里單词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。

appeal attain burden gift ought

overcome possess power sorrow stubborn

1. We made an ____ to the villagers for money to build the bridge.

2. She is ____ in writing， so someone says she is born a writer.

3. John finished speaking as though getting rid of a heavy ____ .

4. He was too ____ to admit that he was wrong.

5. Flora was a lot happier after she ____ her fear of meeting new people.

6. ____ a goal is difficult， and one will never reach it if he or she stops trying.

7. They said that the decision was made more in ____ than in anger.

8. I feel as though I ____ to be doing something worthwhile like that.

9. This will improve the ____ of thought and imagination of the childrens minds.

10. Danny chose the taxi because driving was about the only marketable skill he ____ .

下列各句均有1个错误，请改正。

1. At the time， I was associated to him in a large law firm which is related to online business. ____

2. The excellent design which made the designer famous appealed for all the social groups. ____

3. The universities have expanded， thus allowed many more people the chance of higher education. ____

4. Fans stood outside the news conference， being hoping to catch a glimpse of Taylor Swift. ____

5. She was found in the possession of stolen goods. ____

1﹒通过互相帮助，他们终于克服了重建家乡的困难。（overcome）

2﹒没有特殊的工具和智慧，白纸黑字写下的东西是擦不掉的。（put down）

3﹒这本书被学者欢迎的同时，也立即引起了普通读者的兴趣。（appeal to sb）

4﹒那些报道只限于记录事实，而未对事实加以任何评论。（be restricted to）

5﹒上周，强烈的怒潮席卷美国。（sweep over）

跟踪导练（四）

This column is part of a series on websites that are useful for English language learning.

Activities for ESL Students

This site includes various types of tests， exercises and puzzles designed to help people studying English as a second language （ESL）. The activities include grammar， vocabulary and idiom tests at easy， medium and difficult levels. The specially designed Chinese-English vocabulary tests can help Chinese memorize English words.

//a4esl.org/

Interesting Things for ESL Students

This site contains a comprehensive list of audio clips （音頻剪辑） from the Special English programs of Voice of America （VOA）.The list covers news of all kinds on VOA. The listening and vocabulary exercises and the word list designed with the clips will help English learners improve listening ability and increase vocabulary.

//www.manythings.org/voa/

World-English

This site provides a list of radio or TV channels offering English news clips. It includes the BBC radio program clips from England， CNN and ABC news clips from the US， and other news clips from other English-speaking countries. Click on the links and you will be taken to channels where you can listen to clips. This is a good way to practice listening.

//www.world-english.org/listening.html

Listen to English

This site offers a large number of materials for English learners to practice listening. The materials include business English， English literature， history， movies and politics. Students can improve their English while enjoying the beauty of the English of literature， songs， movies and news in different countries.

//eleaston.corn/listen.html

1. Which website can you enter if you want to test how well you are learning English？

A. //a4esl.org/

B. //eleaston.com/listen.html

C. //www.many things.org/voa/

D. //www.world-english.org/listening.html

2. What program clips youd better listen to learn more English words？

A. ABC. B. BBC. C. CNN. D. VOA.

3. How many of the websites can you use to improve your English as well as to learn about recent news？

A. Five. B. Four. C. Three. D. Two.

When Shakespeare was twenty-one， he went to London， a very interesting place， to try his fortune.

There was the famous London Bridge and St Pauls Cathedral， and palaces and markets and long streets full of shops.

Then， too， there were the daily crowds where could be seen people from all over the world. Knights， scholars and the highwayman （拦路强盗） or thieves， who had been infamous for their clever robberies， passed by each other.

Here， also， were noblemen dressed in gold， from Italy and Spain and France; slaves from Spanish American， sea captains and ministers， soldiers and servants—all held by chances or interests within the gray walls which circled London， and whose gates gave welcome to as strange a crowd as could be found in the world.

Into this curious crowd came Shakespeare， quick to see and eager to learn. And before long all these strange sights were as familiar to him as the faces of his own towns residents （居民）. Each one told its story to him so plainly that， as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods， so now he learned men and mens interests that make up the great world.

And he learned these lessons so well that when he came to write his plays， he made such use of them as no writer ever made before or since; for it is the use of this knowledge of the world， combined with his own genius， that makes Shakespeare the greatest dramatist that has ever lived.

4. What was London like in Shakespeares eyes when he first went there？

A. Dirty and small. B. Strange and interesting.

C. Infamous and terrible. D. Familiar and modern.

5. Which of the following best describes Shakespeare？

A. He was good at observing and learning from daily life.

B. He got inspiration to write from his hometown， London.

C. He became the greatest dramatist owing to his own genius.

D. He was eager to make friends with the noblemen in London.

6. What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 5 refer to？

A. Crowd. B. Resident. C. Face. D. Sight.

7. Where does the text probably comes from？

A. A poster. B. A textbook.

C. An advertisement. D. An announcement.

Lets say you have a piece of wood， a nail， and a hammer. Suppose the wood is a person， the nail is a mean rumor （謠言） about that person. If you hammer in the nail， youre obviously hurting him or her. If you then pull out the nail， theres still a hole in the wood， and the damage has been done.

There are many reasons why that the nail of a rumor can be so harmful. Rumors are， quite simply， a form of bullying （欺侮）. When a person or a group makes up a rumor about someone or decides to spread gossip， its usual to hurt someone， break up a friendship， or make someone less popular. Its the same thing as teasing; only its done behind someones back instead of to his or her face.

When you spread a rumor about someone， youre sending a signal that the person is outside of the group， and somehow less worthy of friendship than others. Youre making fun of that person or pointing out negative things about him or her. This can let others think that its okay to make the person feel bad， and make him or her an outsider.

We need to be able to trust our friends， and gossip and rumors can break this trust. If you tell a personal secret to a friend， and he turns around and tells it to someone else， you might feel like you will get burned if you ever get close to him again.

Letting a rumor influence your behavior is like letting someone else make a big decision for you. Lets say you hear that the teacher plans to call a Snow Day tomorrow because a snowstorm is coming. Expecting a day off， you dont do your homework. The next morning， the snowstorm turns out to be nothing more than a light rain， and school isnt off after all. You get zeroes on your work.

8. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1？

A. To explain how a rumor spreads.

B. To let readers know what a rumor is.

C. To point out the damaging effects of rumors.

D. To attract readers to read the following paragraphs.

9. To tell a rumor and a tease apart， you should know whether it is ___ .

A. done behind someone B. a kind of bullying

C. painful or not D. spread fast

10. If a rumor is spread about someone， others may ___ .

A. keep away from him

B. point out his advantages

C. not feel he is an outsider

D. be hurt if getting close to him again

11. What can we infer from the last paragraph？

A. Rumors can destroy your interest in learning.

B. Believing rumors can lead to bad choices.

C. Rumors can destroy your fame.

D. It is hard to keep rumors secret.

The human brain remembers negative experiences more easily than positive ones. Our brains have developed in this way because threats， like dangerous animals， have a more immediate effect on peoples survival compared to positive things like food or shelter. As a result， you clearly know what makes you unhappy， but do you know what makes you happy？

Research suggests that our level of happiness is partly shaped by the choices we make. If youve been chasing wealth， fame， power and some material things， you may be looking for happiness in the wrong places. Psychologists suggest that the following habits can make people happier.

People who own close relationships tend to be happier than those who do not. The number of our friends is not important. What matters is the quality of our relationships. Relationships that bring happiness usually consist of the sharing of feelings， acceptance， mutual （雙方的） respect and trust.

People who exercise regularly can improve both their physical and mental health and happiness. Some research has shown that exercise can be as effective as some medicine in treating depression.

If we are so interested in an activity， we may lose track of time， and we can be in a state of flow. The activity could be playing the piano， surfing the Internet or playing a game and soon. People who experience flow in their work or life tend to be happier.

People are more likely to be happy if they know what their strengths are and can use them regularly. People are especially happy when they can set goals and use their strengths to achieve them.

People， who think positively by being grateful， mindful and optimistic， are more likely to be happy. Being grateful means being thankful. Being mindful means considering， focusing on， and enjoying the experiences of the present moment. Being optimistic means being hopeful about the future.

12. Why does human brain remember negative things easily？

A. They help with brain development.

B. They encourage us to move forward.

C. They record the progress we have made.

D. They tend to affect human survival immediately.

13. According to the text， people are more likely to find real happiness in ___ .

A. being famous B. chasing power

C. making friends D. earning money

14. What is part of thinking positively according to the last paragraph？

A. Appreciating what we have.

B. Wishing that we could change the past.

C. Enjoying the memory of the past experience.

D. Feeling worried about decisions we have made.

15. What does the author try to tell us to do？

A. Think more about our future.

B. Focus on everything in our life.

C. Be positive in our life and work.

D. Be out of the state of flow in our life.

Self-confidence or a lack of confidence can have a big effect on whether a person is able to overcome the challenges they are experiencing， such as fear and anxiety as well as other concerns. When children build their self-confidence， they become more comfortable with themselves. 1

Create a pretend play.

Allow a child to create a puppet show （木偶表演） to express the difficulty he is having. For instance， if the child is afraid of the dark， have him come up with a puppet show about a puppet that is afraid of the dark. 2 If the child doesnt seem to be coming up with a way to help the puppet overcome his fear， present some questions to see if he can come up with a way to help the puppet.

Many children with low self-confidence display behaviors that suggest they do not believe they can do things on their own. To encourage independence， when a situation appears in which the child states he cant do it or wants you to do it for him， encourage the child to do the activity. 4

Raise self-awareness.

Helping children to become more aware of who they are can help build self-confidence. Children with low self-confidence may not be very decisive. They may hesitate when you ask them questions about themselves. 5 Be supportive of the answers they provide by making sure not to make them feel like they need to change their answers in any way.

A. Develop speaking skills.

B. Encourage independence.

C. Praise any effort he makes.

D. Many play treatment activities can also be used on adults.

E. In addition， help the children to accept their own answers.

F. Here are three techniques for improving childrens self-

confidence.

G. Have him create a title for the puppet show and then

make the show.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Each year， her husband sent her valentine roses， tied with pretty bows， and a card. The card would always say， “I love you even more than last year on this1 .”

The year he died， the2were delivered to her door as usual. The card said， “Be my valentine. My love for you will always3with every passing year.” She thought this was the4time that the roses would appear. She5he ordered roses in6without knowing that he would7away. He always liked to do things ahead. Then， if he got busy， everything would work out8 . She put them in a very special vase， and then placed the vase beside the portrait of his smiling face. She would sit for hours，9at his picture and the roses.

A year went by， and it was10to live without him. Then， on Valentines Day， the doorbell rang， and she11roses sitting by her door. She brought the roses in， and then looked at them in surprise. Later she12the flower-shop and asked them to13why valentine roses were sent to her.

The owner replied， “I know your husband passed away a year ago. The flowers you14today were paid for two years ago. Your husband always planned ahead. Here is a（n）15of many years. Youll get them every year till... and he also wrote a special little16for you... he did this years ago. He said， ‘If you find out that Im no longer here， the card should be sent to my wife the following year. ”

She thanked him and hung up the phone， her tears17down her face. She found a card among the roses and read it slowly， “Hello， my love. I know its been a year since I was gone. I hope its not too18for you to overcome. I know you must be lonely and the pain is real. The19we share makes everything so beautiful in life. I love you more than words can say. Please try not to be too20 . That is why the roses will be sent to you for years.”

1. A. time B. day C. moment D. matter

2. A. roses B. bows C. clothes D. gifts

3. A. come B. plant C. grow D. leave

4. A. first B. second C. last D. right

5. A. guessed B. remembered C. decided D. informed

6. A. return B. addition C. reality D. advance

7. A. die B. pass C. break D. leave

8. A. free B. early C. quiet D. fine

9. A. shouting B. laughing C. staring D. pointing

10. A. funny B. tough C. happy D. useless

11. A. saw B. smelt C. felt D. attained

12. A. visited B. reached C. visited D. called

13. A. know B. doubt C. explain D. find

14. A. sent B. received C. possessed D. accepted

15. A. order B. excuse C. plan D. program

16. A. letter B. article C. note D. card

17. A. moving B. running C. falling D. getting

18. A. fast B. late C. hard D. cold

19. A. marriage B. life C. love D. family

20. A. worried B. tired C. busy D. sad

This morning I went to a supermarket， bought a toy and went to see my nephew， a 8-year-old boy named Jack. She was playing with some of his friend in the yard when I arrived there. The moment he found that I came to see him with his favorite toy， Jack jumped with joyful. Every boy and girl present wanted very much to have a look the toy. Therefore， Jack doesnt want his friends to see it. He was about to hide the toy while I stopped him. “Let your friends to play with your toy as well， Jack. You must learn to share，” I said. Realize that he was wrong， Jack played with the toy together with his friends.

假定你是李华。你的英国朋友Jim打算暑假期间来中国学习中国画，希望你帮他联系一个国画培训班。请你用英语给他写封信，回复联系情况。内容如下：

1.表示欢迎;

2.培训班的内容和时间;

3.学费及食宿。

注意：

1.词数100左右;

2.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数;

3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Jim，

Hoping to see you soon！

Yours，

Li Hua