查理居住区，柏林，德国

建筑设计：GRAFT建筑事务所

查理居住区是腓特烈施塔特市最大的新建住宅项目，靠近昔日的“查理检查站”。

这座由4栋新建筑组成的开放式住宅体用柏林米特区的旧柏林墙带填满了该区最后的空地之一。GRAFT建筑事务所采用具有较高公共通透性的现有通道，通往住宅体的内部区域，连接相邻的E-Werk活动场馆与城墙街上的酒店，与附近原本封闭的体块式结构形成鲜明对比。在马丁·格罗皮乌斯博物馆、国会大厦、恐怖地形图及其原始墙体、腓特烈大街与查理检查站和阿克塞尔施普林格园区等建筑的衬托下，这座新建住宅体在柏林最具历史意义的地带以高度宜居的特性独树一帜。该项目由243套3～7室公寓组成，面积为40m2～300m2不等，有48套“服务式公寓”，一举成为自1987年柏林国际建筑展览馆以来该地区最大的新建住宅开发项目之一。

该住宅体由3栋8层的主建筑（A、B、C座）与D座及其内部一组联排别墅组成，各建筑之间略微倾斜，呈多边形，通过一座绿色的内部庭院彼此自由连接。这座对公众开放的庭院在柏林喧嚣的历史中心形成一片绿洲，方便行人穿过其体块式结构快速前往城墙街及腓特烈大街的中心。这几栋建筑均呈现出独特的几何形状，且具有独特的表面和立面概念，为所有公寓提供了宽敞的凉廊或阳台作为室内外之间的过渡空间。

A座为公寓式酒店，大堂与零售商店位于底楼，而公寓则坐落在侧翼（面向庭院）。A座沿齐默尔斯特拉街而立，以其石墨色、浮雕般的外观脱颖而出。临街一室公寓位于双层基座之上，分布在5个楼层，拥有不同深度的凸窗作为起居区的延伸，享有齐默尔斯特拉街至查理检查站一览无余的景致。这些阶梯式凸窗从立面向西逐渐增多，成为进入内部庭院的拐点。在开发计划中，西侧规划了通往新建筑的未来连接点，因此前往内部住宅体的主通道被重新布置在该场地西面的“拐角处”。于是，在尽可能保持最大开放性的同时，庭院区域的隔音效果得以实现。A座的侧翼阻挡了东边相邻建筑的长条防火墙，使得大部分出租公寓均朝向西面的绿色庭院。诸多此类单元公寓反而可以利用建筑缝隙将午后的阳光引入庭院。

B座是一系列中型公寓，建在东侧后方的连接处。在这里，一种凸出的、略微倾斜且带有防褶皱光学膜片的阳台栏杆让各种尺寸的阳台得以实现，从而保证了自然采光——在较暗的季节里，阳光也能洒入公寓深处。因为其独特的转角，原本严肃的建筑达到了雕塑的效果。

由于其相互交织且令人意想不到的雕塑型阳台结构，第三座中心结构C座从类型规律性中脱离出来。三角形的阳台区域在每层交替改变方向，每隔一层向后退，使得上方的阳台也向后退落，从而营造出梯田之感。垂直的区域设有树槽，提供了私密性。树木犹如沿立面向上攀爬，通过外墙延续了内部庭院的绿色特征。

这栋独立的建筑使该项目西面边界的所有公寓都享有充足的采光。随着一天中不同时间段光线的强弱变化，金属立面似乎闪着银色或金色的光点。C座的会所设有底楼休闲设施和屋顶露台，对所有居民开放。

隐藏于庭院区域后方的是D座，一栋3层建筑，另有6栋联排别墅可供出售。每个单元均拥有前阳台、地下室和花园，构成了具有高品质城市住宅的内城居住区。

所有建筑和各个部分均符合更广泛的公共可达性理念，消除了私人庭院和公共空间的严格分离。查理居住区项目证明了此类特性并非相互排斥；位于中心地带且环境安静的高档住宅也有可能对城市公众开放。或许，这便是一个可持续发展且高度宜居的都市先例。（王单单 译）

2 全景/Panoramic view

Charlie Living is the largest newly-built predominantly residential project in Friedrichstadt, in direct proximity to former Checkpoint Charlie.

The open ensemble of four new buildings fills one of the last open lots of Berlin Mitte with its former strip of the Berlin Wall. The Graft design with its high public permeability of accessible existing paths through to the inner area of the complex connecting with the neighbouring E-Werk and hotel on Mauerstraße, stands in contrast with the otherwise closed block structure of the immediate vicinity.Against this backdrop of the Martin Gropius Building,the State Parliament Building, the "Topography of Terror" Memorial with its original pieces of the Wall,Friedrichstraße with Checkpoint Charlie and the Axel Springer Campus, the new residential ensemble marks a highly liveable dwelling in one of the most historically significant areas of Berlin. With a unit mix of 243 3～7 roomed apartments ranging from 40 to 300 m² in size, and 48 "serviced apartments," the complex constitutes one of the largest, newly-built residential developments at this location since the 1987 International Building Exhibition IBA.

The residential complex consists of three eightstorey main buildings - Block A, B, and C and a cluster of townhouses situated within the inner block,D, which are slightly inclined towards each other,modelled polygonally and freely connected to each other by means of a green internal courtyard. This publicly accessible courtyard forms an oasis within the hustle and bustle of Berlin's historic heart and provides pedestrians with a short-cut through its block-like structure to Mauerstraße and the middle of Friedrichstraße. All buildings convey an individual geometry and have a distinctive surface and façade concept which provides all apartments with generous loggias or balconies as transitory spaces between outside and inside.

Building A accommodates an Apartment Hotel and lobby together with retail units on the ground floor, as well as apartments situated in the side wing,opening up to the courtyard.

Along Zimmerstraße Building A stands out with its graphite-coloured, relief-like façade. Above the double-story plinth and distributed over five floors,street-facing studio-apartments with bay windows of varying projecting depths as extensions of the living area, allow views from Zimmerstraße all the way down to Checkpoint Charlie. These stepped bay windows emerge increasingly from the façade to the west to mark a deflection point into the internal courtyard.Since on the west side a future joint towards a new building is foreseen on the development plan, the main access to the inner complex was able to be repositioned"around the corner" on the western side of the site. As a result, an acoustic shielding of the courtyard areas has been achieved while retaining the greatest possible openness. The side wing of Building A serves to block off the long firewall of the neighbouring buildings to the east, orienting a large portion of the rental apartments westward towards the green courtyard. Conversely,many of these units benefit from the building joint which brings afternoon sun into the courtyard.

Building B, comprised of medium-sized apartments, was built at the eastern rear connection.Here a projecting, slightly inclined and optically pleated balcony balustrade allows varying sized balconies to be realised thereby guaranteeing natural sunlight while in the darker seasons the sun reaches the depth of the apartments. Due to its distinctive corners, the otherwise stringent building achieves a sculptural effect.

Building C, the third central structure, detaches itself conspicuously from the typological regularity due to its unexpected interwoven sculptural balcony structures. The triangular balcony areas change their orientation alternately per floor, thrusting every second floor off the façade so that the overlying balcony recedes thus creating a terraced feeling.Attached to the verticals are tree troughs, there to create a sphere of privacy. The trees appear to climb up the façade, perpetuating the green character of the inner courtyard with the outer walls.

The free-standing building enables all apartments on the western border of the property a particularly favourable exposure to light. Depending on the time of day and the incidence of light the metal façade seems to have a silvery or golden shimmer. Building C houses the club room with leisure facilities on the ground floor and a roof terrace, both of which are at the disposal of all residents.

Hidden at the back of the courtyard area is Building D, a three-storey structure with six townhouses on offer. Each of the units is equipped with a front terrace, cellar and garden constituting an inner-city residential area providing high-quality urban dwelling.

All buildings and individual sections serve the broader idea of public accessibility and the elimination of the strict separation of private courtyard and public space. Charlie Living proves that these qualities are not mutually exclusive and that a premium residential address in a central yet quiet location is possible with the highest openness to the urban public. Perhaps,a precedent for a sustainable and highly liveable urbanity.

项目信息/Credits and Data

地点/Location: Zimmerstraße 92-94, 10117 Berlin,Germany

客户/Client: Trockland Management GmbH

功能/Programme: 包含243个租住单元、零售店、酒店和地下停车场的新建居住综合体/Newly constructed residential complex with 243 rental units, retail and hotel with basement parking

建筑设计/Architects: GRAFT Gesellschaft von Architekten mbH, Berlin

技术规划/Technical Planning: decon Deutsche Energie-Consult GmbH, Dresden

结构规划/Structural Planning: KREBS und KIEFER Ingenieure GmbH, Berlin

景观设计/Landscape Architects: MAN MADE LAND, Berlin

消防设计/Fire Protection: hhpberlin, Berlin

地形测量/Topographic Survey: Claudia Zimmermann

土壤力学/Soil mechanics: IFK Ingenieurbüro für Geotechnik GmbH, Berlin

声学设计/Acoustics: Akustik- Ingenieurbüro Moll GmbH,Berlin

建筑物理/Building Physics: Müller-BBM GmbH, Berlin

设计及施工时间/Design & Construction Period: 2017-2020

总建筑面积/GFA: 33,100 m2

绘图/Drawings: GRAFT GmbH

摄影/Photos: Bttr GmbH, Trockland Management GmbH

10 内院/Courtyard

11 屋顶花园/Roof terrace

12 步道/Path

13 立面结构/Façade structure

评委评语

克里斯汀·菲莱斯：作为柏林市中心最大的新建住宅区，查理居住区罕见地尝试融入原有的城市肌理。该设计以其高度的公共渗透性，通过畅通无阻的路径，进入建筑群内部区域，与周边封闭的街区结构形成鲜明对比。穿过建筑群的公共人行通道联系了街景与内院景观，而不是对外封闭，这为城市生活作出了贡献，并将社区联系在一起。（庞凌波 译）

Jury Statement

Kristin Feireiss: As the largest newly built predominantly residential block in the centre of Berlin, Charlie Living is rare in its attempt to be a part of the urban fabric. The design with its high public permeability of accessible paths through to the inner area of the complex, stands in contrast with the otherwise closed block structure of the immediate vicinity. Instead of closing off to the street, the public passageways through the ensemble allows for views between street and backyards,contributes to the life of the city and knits society together.