如何巧用There/It be 句型

张洁

关于There be 和It be 的句型，是高中英语语法中学生感觉最易混淆的两种句型，笔者搜集了一些实例，现将这两种句型进行较为详尽的归纳，以帮助学生巧用这两个句型。

一.There be 句型（按结构分）

1. There be + n. 意为  “有……” （之后如有几个并列主语，be动词的选择取决于第一个主语，即就近原则）

（1） There is a duck and two geese on his farm. 他的农场有一只鸭两只鹅。

（2） There are two geese and a duck on his farm. 他的农场有两只鹅一只鸭。

2. There is （no） need to do sth. 意为 “（没）有必要做某事”

There is no need to pick at him all day long. He’s a child after all. 不要老是对他唠唠叨叨，他毕竟还是个孩子嘛！

3. There is （no） hope/chance/possibility of doing sth. 意為 “（没）有……的希望/可能性”

（1）His condition is getting steadily worse， and there is no hope of his recovering from his liver failure. 他的情况越来越糟糕，恐怕没有希望从肝衰竭中康复了。

（2）Is there any chance of Trump’s being elected President again？ 川普有可能再次当选总统吗？

4. There is （no） difficulty/trouble/point/sense/delay （in） doing sth意为“做某事（没）有困难/意义/延迟”

（1） There is difficulty in helping her brush off anxiety.很难帮她摆脱焦虑。

（2） There is no point tossing a coin to make a decision.抛硬币来作决定是没有意义的。

5. There is no doubt/guarantee/saying/telling/knowing/denying + that/which-clause  意为“ ……毫无疑问/无法保证/很难说/难以预测/没法知道/不可否认”

（1）There is no doubt that he is in a good mood. 毫无疑问他心情很不错。

（2） There is no saying whether he got cross with you or not. 他有没有生你的气很难说。

（3） There is no denying that I was half dead with fear on seeing that snake. 不可否认我看到蛇时吓得要命。

二.It be 句型（按意义分）

1. 与时间有关

（1） It is/has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时

注意：如果since后的动词是短暂性动词，意为“自从…以来已多久了”;如果是持续性动词，意为“不做……已经多久了”。

例句：It is/has been 3 years since he began to work here as an associate professor. 他在这儿当副教授三年了。

It is/has been 3 years since he worked here as an associate professor.他不在这儿当副教授三年了。

（2）It will （not） be + 时间段+ before + 一般现在时 意为  “要过一段时间才会……（要不了……就……）”

例句：It will be nearly a month before I get the result of my application. I’m feeling like sitting on pins and needles every day. 要一个多月后才能收到我申请的结果，我每天都如坐针毡。

（3） It was （not） + 时间段 + before + 一般过去时 意为“过了一段时间就…（没过多久就…）”

例句：It was not long before he tiptoed out of the conference hall. 不久他就蹑手蹑脚地溜出了会议室。

（4） It was + 点时间 + when +  一般过去时 意为“当…时候”

例句：It was 3am when the storm poured down. 暴雨倾盆而下时是凌晨三点。

（5）It was + 时间状语 + that + 一般过去时     （强调句）

例句：It was at 3am that the storm poured down. 凌晨三点，暴雨倾盆而下。

（6）It is/was + the first （second， third…） time +for sb to do sth

或It is/was + the first（second， third…） time +that +sb+现在/过去完成时 意为 “是某人第一（二，三…）次做某事”

例句：The little baby was overjoyed， because it was the first time that he saw ducks quacking cheerfully on the lawn. 小朋友兴奋不已，因为他第一次见到小鸭子们在草地上欢快地嘎嘎叫。

（7）It is （high/about） time that + sb. did/should do sth 意为“该是某人做某事的时候了”

例句：It’s time that we kept up our spirits. 我们该要振作起来了！

2. 与人有关

（1） It + be + adj./n. + for sb to do sth  （for sb 表示动词不定式动词的执行者）

例句：It is necessary for you to apologize to your teacher because you made a dreadful mistake. 必须向你老师道歉，因为你犯下一个可怕的错误。

（2） It + be + adj./n. + of sb to do sth  （of sb 既表示動词不定式动词的执行者又表示人所具备的性质或特征）

例句：It’s unwise of you to wear a gloomy expression every day just because you failed once. 就因为失败了一次你就整天愁眉不展很不明智。

（3） It is up to sb to do sth  “应由某人来做某事”

例句：It’s up to you to decide whether to feel our way in the darkness or just wait here for rescue. 由你来决定我们是摸黑前进还是就地等待救援。

（4） It is （not） like sb. to do sth   “做某事（不）是某人的一贯作风”

例句：It’s not like him to get into a mad panic in such a situation！ 在这种情况下惊慌失措不是他的一贯作风啊！

3. 其它句型

（1） It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 原句剩余部分  （强调句型）

例句：It was not until I dragged my legs home that I began to realize that I got a fever.   直到我拖着沉重的双腿回到家，我才意识到我发烧了。

（2）It is said/reported/believed/hoped… + that-clause 意为  “据说/报道/人们相信/希望…”

例句：It was said that the little girl’s finger was bitten when she was stroking a cat.据说小女孩在撸猫时手指被咬了。

（3） It is no wonder that-clause意为“ 难怪…”

例句：It’s no wonder that Tom stormed out of the room and slammed the door. 难怪汤姆冲出房间，狠狠摔门。

（4） It is no use/good + doing sth 意为 “做某事是没用/没有意义的”

例句：It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. 对着撒了的牛奶哭是没用的。（谚）覆水难收。

三.综合训练

{微场景描写练习}

阳光明媚，溪水清澈。草地上有几只小鸭子在欢快地嘎嘎叫，蝴蝶在花丛中飞来飞去。“该练练足球了。”大卫喃喃自语。他正要抬腿踢球，突然被什么东西绊倒了。黑乎乎的一团，不知道是什么东西。他去找来一根小棍子，戳了一下它，它突然蠕动起来，发出嘶嘶声。原来是一条大蟒蛇！大卫吓的动弹不得。危机时刻，杰克飞奔过来，一把拉住大卫的手臂。“快跑！”跑到安全处，杰克说：“见到蛇呆在原地可不是明智的举动啊！吓得不知所措不是你的作风啊！”“可这是我第一次见到活生生的蛇啊！”大卫气喘吁吁地大叫，仍然很后怕。“是你救了我一命，太谢谢啦！”

参考译文：

The sun was shining brightly， and the water was crystal clear. There were ducks quacking cheerfully on the lawn and butterflies flitting from flower to flower. “It’s high time I practiced soccer.” David murmured. He was about to kick the ball when he tripped over something. It was black all over， and there was no knowing what it was. He got a stick nearby and stabbed it slightly. It writhed and hissed. It was a boa constrictor！ His feet were pinned to the ground， trembling， too scared to move. At that critical time， Jack dashed to David and grasped him by the arm. “Go！ David， go！” When they ran to a safe distance， Jack said， “It’s unwise to remain still on seeing a snake. It’s not like you to be paralyzed with fear！” “But it was the first time that I had witnessed a live snake in my life！” David shouted， out of breath， still full of fear. “It is you who saved my life. Can’t thank you too much！”

（作者单位：江苏省天一中学）