王星记：扇与画的结合

刘凡力 张涵涵

1875年（清光緒元年），制扇名匠王星斋在杭城清河坊创建了王星记企业的前身“王星斋扇庄”。王星斋尤善磨砂技艺，与其妻陈英的贴花洒金技艺珠联璧合，他们以精湛的制扇技艺、创新的设计理念制作的扇子精巧而风格独特，投放市场后很快被争购一空，王星记扇子由此顺利地打开了自己的市场，于众多制扇名庄中脱颖而出。其中最为著名的王星记高档黑纸扇还被进献皇室，由此被冠以“贡扇”之誉。

“毛全本”扇骨竹筋细匀，乌黑透亮;“全棕扇”扇骨花纹别致，恰如公鸡颈毛。扇面书画，是中国独特的艺术形式。王星记扇的扇面装饰内容丰富，经常邀请著名的书画家为扇面艺术挥洒翰墨，扇与书画结合，锦上添花，相得益彰。

孙亚青是国家级非物质文化遗产制扇技艺的传承人，从十八岁进入工厂学做扇子至今，已在王星记工作四十六年。对于她来说，扇子早已成为她生命中不可或缺的一部分。孙亚青凭借满腔的热爱和脚踏实地的学习态度，掌握了檀香扇拉花的绝技绝活，精通扇面装饰设计创作、雕刻镶嵌等技艺。从扇子造型到画面布局，从图案造型到表现手法，为打造一把小小的扇子，孙亚青呕心沥血，将匠心发挥到极致。她的代表作品有23cm全面细拉檀香扇《松鹤》《象牙扇》、宫团扇《凤穿牡丹》、45cm拉烫檀香扇《兰亭序》等。

孙亚青性格温婉，唯独在品质一事上要求极为严格。她常说：“身处‘快时代’，百年品牌必须‘慢’下来，做精、做优、做特色，方能成就经典。”人们的审美在变，需求在变，对品质的追求却是永恒的。发展创新的同时把控品质，才是符合文化传承的正确方式。

（浙江省非物质文化遗产保护中心为本栏目提供支持）

Wangxingji： Blending Paintings into Fans

By Liu Fanli  Zhang Hanhan

In 1875， the first year during the reign of Emperor Guangxu （r. 1875-1908） of the Qing dynasty （1616-1911）， Wang Xingzhai， a renowned fan maker， set up the Wangxingzhai Fan Store at Qinghefang in Hangzhou， the predecessor of the present-day Wangxingji Fan Industry Co.， Ltd. Well known for his sanding skills， Wang Xingzhai combined them with those of his wife Chen Ying， who excelled at appliqués and gilt splash decoration， in making fans. Thanks to their exquisite fan-making craft and innovative designs， the couple’s fans sold out once they hit the market. Among the most celebrated fans they made was a top-grade black paper fan， which was presented to the imperial court and earned the reputation as a “tribute fan”.

Sun Yaqing is an inheritor of the fan-making craft， a national intangible cultural heritage. Sun has been working in Wangxingji for 46 years since she entered it to learn to make fans at the age of 18. For her， fans have long been an indispensable part of her life. Full of passion and a keen learner， Sun has mastered sandalwood fan carving， fan decoration designing and inlaying， among other skills. From fan modeling to picture layout， from pattern modeling to expression techniques， Sun Yaqing has exerted her ingenuity to the extreme to create a small fan. Her representative works include 23cm full-size sandalwood fans Pine Crane and Ivory Fan， the round fan Phoenixes Striding Through Peonies and a 45cm gilded sandalwood fan Preface to the Poems Collected from the Orchid Pavilion.

While gentle in character， Sun is highly demanding as far as the quality of her works is concerned. She would often say： “In a time when speed seems to be valued above everything else， a time-honored brand like Wangxingji must ‘slow down’ and do a finer， better and more distinctive job; only in this way can classics be created.” While the public’s aesthetics are constantly shifting， their demands always changing， the pursuit of quality is eternal. To be innovative and to maintain the same standards of control quality at the same time is the right approach to cultural inheritance.