洛杉矶会展中心过载管理案例，加利福尼亚，美国

建筑设计：美国SmithGroup建筑设计公司

美国SmithGroup 建筑设计公司受洛杉矶市长之邀参与改造计划——将洛杉矶会展中心改造成拥有2600 张病床的“医院减压场”以供新冠患者使用。该中心是该市抗疫战略的一部分：随着新冠病毒病例的增加，对医院床位的需求将会激增。

美国SmithGroup 建筑设计公司所召集了一支由十多名医疗规划人员、建筑师和工程师组成的团队，为这个偌大的空间制定推测性平面图。随后，该团队迅速制定计划，打造最大容量的轻度患者护理机构，可容纳新冠肺炎呈阳性和阴性的轻度患者，并建立门诊检测中心，为重度患者腾出医院床位。在不到24 小时内，事务所便为1246 张床位、分诊区、清洁区/入口区、急救护理区、营养供给区、家庭空间、员工休息室和运输入口区提供了场地及空间规划研究与平面图，并对电气和暖通空调系统进行考量以控制建筑内部的病毒传播。

最终的方案是在两个主要的展厅内放置1086张床，每张床间隔约1.8m（6ft），以床头对床头的方式布置，中间隔有约1.5m（5ft）的走道，加上周长为约3m（10ft）宽的对外通道。位于加州海峡群岛的美国空军国民警卫队第146 空运联队用了短短48 小时为该中心配置了床位和设备，并交由美国卫生与公共服务部运营。这座野战医院旨在为症状较轻的新冠病患提供服务，也承担了隔离中心的角色以安置急诊出院后的新冠康复患者，同时为出院后无处可去但仍需隔离的人们提供基础护理服务。（王单单 译）

1 鸟瞰/Aerial view

2 平面/Plan

3 概况/Summary

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: City of Los Angeles

主持建筑师/Principal Architect: Francisco Owens

设计团队/Design Team: Vince Avallone, Wayne Barger, Cindy Beckham, Heather Chung, Brenna Costello, Shant Der-Torossian, Keith Garratt, Chai Jayachandran, Ann Kenyon, Bonnie Khang-Keating, Joon Kim, Mike Medici, Jamie Newton, Francisco Owens, Don Posson, Matt Richter, Pema Wanqzome, Andrew Brown, Lana Chan, Russell Garratt, Kevin Kresser, James Newton

项目面积/Project Area: 92,903 m2(1,000,000 ft2)

建筑面积/Floor Area: 74,322 m2(800,000 ft2)

设计时间/Design Period: 2020.03.26

建设周期/Construction Period: 2020.03-04

完工时间/Completion Time: 2020.04

绘图/Drawings: Francisco Owens

SmithGroup was engaged by the Mayor of Los Angeles to help plan the conversion of the Los Angeles Convention Centre into a 2600-bed "hospital decompression site" for COVID-19 patients. The facility is part of a strategy to prepare the city for an expected surge in demand for hospital beds as the number of new coronavirus cases swelled.

SmithGroup pulled together a team of more than a dozen medical planners, architects and engineers to develop speculative test-fit plans for the massive space. The team then worked quickly to develop plans for a maximum capacity, low-acuity care facility that could be used to care for both lowacuity COVID-19 positive and negative patients, as well as a walk-up testing site, freeing up needed hospital beds for high acuity patients. In less than 24 hours, SmithGroup provided a site and spatial planning study and test-fit for a 1246-bed layout, triage, decon/intake, critical care, nourishment, family space, staff respite, and transport intake, as well as electrical and HVAC considerations, to control the spread of the virus within the building.

4 床位布局/Bed layout

5 标准48床单元布局/Typical 48-bed unit layout

6 流线图示A/Flow diagram A

7 流线图示B/Flow diagram B

The final plan places 1086 beds in the two major exhibit halls, with beds separated by 6ft (1.8m) in a head-to-head configuration with and 5ft (1.5m) aisles between and a 10-foot (3m) wide circulation corridor around the perimetre. Over the course of 48 hours, the facility was outfitted with beds and equipment by Airmen from the National Guard's 146th Airlift Wing out of the Channel Islands Air National Guard Station, and will be operated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The field hospital is intended to be used for COVID-19 patients with less symptoms or lower symptoms, as well as a possible quarantine centre for recovering coronavirus patients after they are released from acute-care, and non-licensed care to patients, who may not have a place to go after they are released from the hospital, but still need to remain in isolation.

8 交流大厅模型A床位布局（160床）/Concourse Hall Module A bed layout (160 beds)

9 交流大厅模型B床位布局（261床）/Concourse Hall Module B Bed layout (261 beds)

10 佩特里大厅（88隔间）/Petree Hall (88 cubicles)