容器对桉树组培苗生长的影响
2020-11-30刘源澄李华娟陆素君韦继文赵遥遥陈振生
刘源澄 李华娟 陆素君 韦继文 赵遥遥 陈振生
摘 要: 將桉树组培生根瓶苗移栽到装有培养基(椰糖∶泥炭土=7∶3)的BCC65胶杯、无纺布,纸杯等3种容器中培养,于60 d调查苗木的高度、地径、一级根条数、二级根条数、根鲜重、根干重,结果表明:胶杯苗最高,为29.47 cm,与无纺布苗、纸杯苗差异显著,无纺布苗高25.36 cm,纸杯苗高24.81 cm,两者差异不显著。胶杯苗地径0.25 cm,无纺布苗地径0.25 cm,两者差异不显著,与纸杯苗差异显著,纸杯苗地径0.24 cm。无纺布苗一级根数最多,为6.0条,与胶杯苗、纸杯苗差异显著,胶杯苗一级根3.9条,纸杯苗一级根4.1条,两者间差异不显著。无纺布苗二级根条数最多,为39.7条,胶杯苗二级根条数25.7条,纸杯苗二级根条数31.4条,胶杯苗与无纺布苗差异显著,纸杯苗与胶杯苗、无纺布苗差异不显著。纸杯苗根鲜重最重,为0.95 g,无纺苗布根鲜重为0.78 g,胶杯苗根鲜重为0.68 g,三者间差异显著。胶杯苗根干重最重,为0.24 g,与无纺布苗、纸杯苗差异显著,无纺苗布根干重为0.18 g,纸杯苗根干重为0.19 g,两者差异不显著(P<0.05)。3种容器育苗各有优缺点,总体上,无纺布苗根数量多,吸收水肥能力强,工效高,成本低,是最优选择。
关键词: 桉树组培苗;容器;生长量
中图分类号:S792.39,S723.1+33 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-3020(2020)05-0026-03
Abstract: The tissue culture seedlings of Eucalyptus robusta were transplanted into three containers containing medium (coconut sugar∶peat soil =7∶3),such as BCC65 rubber cup,non-woven cloth,paper cup and so on.After 60 days,the height,ground diameter,number of first-grade root strips,number of second-grade root strips,root fresh weight and root dry weight of the seedlings were investigated.The results showed that the highest rubber cup seedlings was 29.47 cm,which was significantly different from non-woven and paper cup seedlings,non-woven seedlings 25.36 cm high,paper cups seedlings 24.81 cm high,no significant difference between the two.The seedling ground diameter of rubber cup was 0.25 cm,and that of non-woven cloth seedlings was 0.25 cm.The difference between the two was not significant,and that of paper cup seedlings was 0.24 cm.The number of first-grade roots of non-woven seedlings was 6.0,which was significantly different from that of glue-cup and paper-cup seedlings.There were 3.9 first-grade roots of glue-cup seedlings and 4.1 first-grade roots of paper-cup seedlings,no significant difference between the two.The number of secondary roots of non-woven seedlings was the largest (39.7),the number of secondary roots of rubber cup seedlings was 25.7,and the number of secondary roots of paper cup seedlings was 31.4.The fresh weight of seedling root in paper cup was the heaviest (0.95 g),the fresh weight of non-woven seedling root was 0.78 g,and the fresh weight of seedling root in rubber cup was 0.68 g.The dry weight of the seedling root of the rubber cup was the heaviest (0.24 g),which was significantly different from that of the non-woven seedling and the paper cup seedlings.The dry weight of the non-woven seedling root was 0.18 g,and the dry weight of the paper cup seedling root was 0.19 g,with no significant difference (P<0.05).Three kinds of container seedling have their own advantages and disadvantages.On the whole,non-woven seedling root is the best choice because of its large number,strong ability to absorb water and fertilizer,high efficiency and low cost.
Key words: tissue culture seedlings of Eucalyptus robusta;container;growth
桉树作为世界上最高产的三大树种之一,其面积占世界森林面积的五分之一。桉树具有生长快、干形好、产量高、用途广、效益好等特点,已成为热带亚热带地区极为重要的速生造林树种[1],成为中国南方各省区重点发展的用材树种。桉树苗木培育应用组培快繁育苗技术培育无性植株,推广优良无性品系,成为主要的育苗方法。育苗容器与基质是林业工厂化育苗的两大基本要素[2],与裸根苗相比,容器苗具有便于工厂化培育,缩短育苗周期,提高育苗效率,保持苗木活力,抗性强,造林成活率高,造林后缓苗期短等优点,是现代化林业育苗的发展方向[3、4]。
1 材料与方法
(1)试验材料。
试验所用桉树为尾巨桉DH3229,生根瓶苗高3~4 cm,径粗,木质化强,根系发达,主根3~4条,侧根少许,叶片伸展,叶绿色。BCC65胶杯容器规格为3 cm×10 cm,无纺布容器规格为8 cm×11 cm,纸杯规格为8 cm×11 cm。培养基成分为椰糖∶泥炭土=7∶3。
(2)试验方法。
试验设置BCC65胶杯、无纺布,纸杯3种容器移栽桉树组培生根瓶苗,每个处理设置3个重复,每个重复种植10株桉树生根瓶苗,每个营养杯移栽1株。将生根瓶苗转至移栽大棚进行炼苗,7 d后将其从瓶中小心取出,洗净根部培养基,移栽入3种容器的基质中。移栽前用0.3%高锰酸钾溶液消毒基质5 h,再用清水淋,移栽后进行田间管理。于60 d调查其苗木的高度、地径、一级根条数、二级根条数、根鲜重、根干重。
(3)数据统计与分析。
数据采用Microsoft Excel 2003软件进行统计分析,采用SPSS 16.0进行方差分析和Duncan多重比较。
2 结果与分析
(1)不同容器对苗高生长的影响。
桉树组培胶杯苗高生长最快,为29.47 cm,是无纺布苗高25.36 cm的116.21%、纸杯苗高24.81 cm的118.78%,与无纺布苗及纸杯苗差异显著,而无纺布杯苗与纸杯苗高生长差异不显著。
(2)不同容器对地径生长的影响。
桉树组培无纺布苗地径为0.25 cm,胶杯苗地径为0.25 cm,纸杯苗地径为0.24 cm,无纺布苗和胶杯苗地径差异不显著,与纸杯苗地径差异显著。
(3)不同容器对一级根条数的影响。
桉树组培无纺布苗一级根数量最多,为6.0条,是纸杯苗一级根数量4.1条的146.34%、胶杯苗一级根数量3.9的153.85%,与纸杯苗及胶杯苗差异显著,而纸杯苗与胶杯苗差异不显著。
(4)不同容器对二级根条数的影响。
桉树组培无纺布苗二级根数量最多,为39.7条,是纸杯苗一级根数量31.4条的126.43%、胶杯苗一级根数量25.7条的154.47%;纸杯苗二级根数量是胶杯苗的122.18%;无纺布苗与胶杯差异显著,纸杯苗与无纺布苗、胶杯苗差异不显著。
(5)不同容器对根鲜重的影响。
桉树组培纸杯苗根鲜重最重,为0.95 g,是无纺布苗根鲜重0.78 g的121.08%,胶杯苗根鲜重0.68 g的140.32%,3种容器苗根鲜差异显著。
(6)不同容器对根干重的影响。
桉树组培胶杯苗根干重最重,为0.24 g,是纸杯苗根干重0.19 g的123.17%、无纺布苗根干重0.18 g的128.08%,胶杯苗与无纺布苗、纸杯苗差异显著,无纺布苗与纸杯苗差异不显著。
6种生长指标值详见表1。
3 结论与讨论
(1)试验表明,不同容器对桉树组培苗的6种生长指标影响显著。
胶杯苗高生长最快,可能是胶杯容器直径小,苗木由于顶端优势影响的缘故;无纺布苗一级根条数和二级根数量最多,表明无纺布苗根系发达。无纺布苗一级根条数和二级根条数指标比胶杯和纸杯苗好,而胶杯和纸杯苗的根干重比无纺布重,说明胶杯苗和纸杯苗根比无纺布根长。
(2)除了不同容器对苗木生长存在影响外,根据徐建民[5]、陈秋夏[6]等人研究,容器容积大小对苗木生长也存在影响,容器容积越大,苗木生长越好,应从苗木生长情况和培育成本两个方面综合考虑选择容器容积。
(3)陈秋夏等人研究表明,不同容器对苗木生长初期的影响差异不显著,这可能与苗木生长初期根系较小,大小容器都可以为苗木的生长提供足够的养分和水分,但苗木培育一定时间后,苗木生长差异才显著,因此测定时间应选择在苗木出圃前,甚至可以对造林后的苗木生长观察i周查,才能科学反映各种育苗容器的优劣。
(4)除了考虑苗木6个生长指标外,还应考虑育苗难易程度与育苗成本,BCC65胶杯育苗时间长,工作量大,育苗成本高,苗木生长整体差于其它两种容器;纸杯苗与无纺布苗生长各有优劣,南于苗木出圃时间受天气、整地备耕影响,可能不能按时出圃,留床太久纸杯容易腐烂散杯,因此也不适合育苗。综合比较3种容器的苗木生长及劳动强度、育苗成本,无纺布容器是最佳的育苗容器。王慧娟口]等人研究表明,塑料材质容器不利于根系生长和发育,须根数量极少,不易形成根团,影响移栽成活率和苗木生长。高丽琼[2]等人研究结果也表明,胶杯苗和纸杯苗都存在根系欠发达,水平根少,育苗期长,成本高等缺陷,且胶杯苗质量较差,造林地缓苗期长,成活率低;而无纺布根系自然生长,形成平衡根系,根数量多,表面积大,吸收水肥能力强,苗木抗逆性强,造林后无缓苗期,初期生长量显著提高,育苗和造林劳动强度低,工效高,成本低,无纺布育苗是发展方向。
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