众志成城 “疫”战到底<br/>——新冠病毒相关试题考前练

众志成城 “疫”战到底
——新冠病毒相关试题考前练

2020-11-15宁夏

教学考试(高考英语) 2020年3期

宁夏

2020年高考临近，2020年高考英语会不会考与新型冠状病毒疫情相关的试题，这值得我们去思考。从过往的考查情况来看，高考英语一般不受时事的影响，但是，根据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版）》，普通高中英语课程应帮助学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，树立人类命运共同体意识，学会做人做事，成为有文明素养和社会责任感的人。在这场全球性的抗疫之战中，涌现出一批人类作为命运共同体，共同合作，团结一心的感人事迹，这是高考英语试卷中常有的元素。鉴于以上几方面的考虑，笔者命制了以下与新冠病毒相关的试题。

一、阅读理解

一般而言，阅读理解文章内容涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”“人与自然”三大主题语境，主要考查学生进行细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测以及理解主旨大意等阅读能力。其中，细节理解题更是高考英语阅读理解考查的重点。笔者命制以下阅读理解试题，既向学生展现面对困难时要勇往直前的乐观精神，又重点考查学生对文章细节信息的把握和对字里行间隐含信息的推理的能力。

Gyms across China have been forced to close for fear that they could help spread the virus.A number of gyms have started classes online so their customers can keep fit from home.Every day the trainers have created a circuit-based workout depending on the customers’ programming.They’ve created a sheet of exercises and they are recording videos,but having fun with it too.There are groups in WeChat for customers where they can write in and tell other people they have completed the day’s exercise.

With nightclubs closed and music events cancelled,a number of clubs in China are turning to“cloud clubbing”.Cloud clubbing is where people can watch live DJ sets and send in messages to give them the feeling that they’re in a club.The cloud clubbing events usually take place on Apps such as Douyin.A manager of one club said,“Recently many of our friends and customers have said they are bored with their indoor lives,so we planned a live broadcast to share pleasant music and ease their anxiety.”

Bookshops have also had to think of new ways of reaching customers,a double blow to an industry that is already competing against online shops.A bookstore in Chengdu usually brings in customers with its scenery and displays however it has turned to Wechat to help bring in any profit.Shop workers made their own lists in WeChat groups including “selected books of the year”and the “recommended reading list”.Customers could then order the books via their online store.A bookstore in Guangzhou,a 24-hour shop,has been selling gift cards,tote bags（手提包）and “blind gift packages”as a way to bring in income.

1.What did the trainers do to help the customers?

A.They closed the gyms.

B.They made fun of the customers.

C.They made special exercise plans.

D.They recorded the customers’ videos.

2.Why are some clubs in China turning to“cloud clubbing”?

A.The customers love the cloud service.

B.Some Apps are designed by these clubs.

C.The live broadcast of pleasant music is popular now.

D.The customers have no place to enjoy live music now.

3.What does the traditiond bookstore do to attract customers?

A.Cancel new online shops.

B.Recommend good books.

C.Sell all kinds of cards and bags.

D.Invite the customers to decorate its scenery.

4.Where can this text come from?

A.A newspaper.

B.A personal diary.

C.A magazine on music.

D.A middle school textbook.

【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了疫情下的中国“云生活”。

1.C细节理解题。

【解题思路】根据第一段第三、四句“Every day the trainers have created a circuit-based workout depending on the customers’ programming.They’ve created a sheet of exercises and they are recording videos,but having fun with it too.”可知，教练们每天都根据客户的训练计划，创造出一种可重复进行的健身方式。他们制作了训练表，还录制了视频，即他们为顾客制定特殊的锻炼计划。故选C。

2.D推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“With nightclubs closed and music events cancelled,a number of clubs in China are turning to‘cloud clubbing’.”可知，中国的一些俱乐部正在转向“云泡吧”服务是由于夜店关闭，音乐活动被取消，即消费者没有地方去欣赏现场音乐。故选D。

3.B细节理解题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第三句“Shop workers made their own lists in WeChat groups including‘selected books of the year’ and the‘recommended reading list’.”可知，书店员工在微信群中列出 “年度精选书单”和“推荐书目”等。故选B。

4.A推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据文章内容可知，这是一篇有关疫情期间，中国的各种“云服务”的时事报道，应来源于报纸。故选A。

【长难句分析】There are groups in WeChat for customers where they can write in and tell other people they have completed the day’s exercise.（第一段最后一句）

分析：本句为主从复合句。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词“groups in WeChat”，表示抽象的地点；and连接并列谓语；people后为省略了that的宾语从句。

译文：健身房组织了针对顾客的微信群，顾客可以在群里发言，说明已经完成了当天的锻炼。

【词汇积累】virusn.病毒

circuit-basedadj.可重复进行的

broadcastn.播送

recommendedadj.被推荐的

二、“七选五”阅读

“七选五”阅读，主要通过让学生选择主题句、过渡句和结尾句，考查学生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑的理解和掌握。近几年高考英语“七选五”试题，体裁往往是说明文，介绍某种方法或者说明某种理论。在新冠病毒席卷全球期间，我们不能安之泰然，或者避之千里，而是要认真听取专家的意见，积极乐观地去应对疫情造成的各种不良后果。笔者将“七选五”的考情和新冠肺炎疫情相结合，设置了如下“七选五”阅读试题，希望在测试学生“七选五”解题能力的同时，向其介绍如何积极地应对新冠肺炎疫情给人们带来的紧张、焦虑等情绪。

Leading health experts from the CDC and the WHO have made it clear that reducing the effects of coronavirus（新冠病毒）means staying home as long as possible.____1____ They give some ideas as follows:

Don’t let the news control your rest.

The coronavirus situation seems to change by the hour,resulting in a number of people feeling necessary to constantly check their phones for news.That can not only be stressful at any time,but also it can affect your ability to relax if you surf news before going to sleep.Dr.Rosmarin says,“It’s not a good time to watch the news.” ____2____

Don’t argue with people who seem unconcerned about the crisis.

You might face pressure from friends or family to attend gatherings when you aren’t comfortable being in groups.You may be upset because they aren’t following the instructions:staying at home.___3____ So you’d better avoid the meaningless argument.

___4___

Do laundry on Sundays? Keep doing it on Sunday.Not going to work? Get dressed anyway.Maintaining a regular routine will go a long way toward helping you avoid feelings of disorganization.

Don’t hesitate to seek help if you need it.

__5___ For people already struggling with anxiety,obsessivecompulsive disorder,or depression,fears over coronavirus can be especially disruptive.Always seek professional help if you feel overwhelmed.

A.Arguing about it isn’t productive.

B.Don’t ignore your regular routine.

C.You cannot solve the mental problems all by yourself.

D.Don’t forget to remind your family to respect your boundary.

E.What can you do to make your staying home better than before?

F.But how to deal with the mental tension,such as being upset and nervous?

G.Sleep is important to a healthy system,and giving yourself an opportunity to relax is important.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在居家隔离期间，如何应对因此而产生的紧张、焦虑等情绪。

1.F逻辑关系题。

【解题思路】F项“但是如何去应对这些精神紧张问题呢，比如不安和焦虑”为过渡句，承接上文提到的“居家”，引出下文的“想法”。故选F。

2.G逻辑关系题。

【解题思路】上文提到过度关注新闻会影响休息，而“休息”包括“睡眠”。G项“睡眠对于健康系统十分关键，让自己有机会放松是很重要的”对上文进行总结。故选 G。

3.A逻辑关系题。

【解题思路】空格前一句说你会感到不安，因为他们没有遵从指导：在家待着，A项“为此而争论是徒劳的”承接上文，语意连贯。故选A。

4.B小标题题。

【解题思路】根据设空位置可判断，设空处需填小标题句。下文提到的“洗衣服，穿戴整齐”都是常规生活。B项“不要忽略你的常规生活”，能概括下文内容，适合做小标题。故选B。

5.C逻辑关系题。

【解题思路】空格后的“anxiety”“obsessive-compulsive disorder”“depression”“fear”均属于“mental problems”，且C项“你不可能独自解决这些心理问题”和最后一句“如果你感觉承受不了，一定要去寻求专业的帮助”构成因果关系。故选C。

【亮点句积累】That can not only be stressful at any time,but also it can affect your ability to relax if you surf news before going to sleep.（第二段第二句）

分析：该句为主从复合句。Not only...but also引导并列句；if引导条件状语从句。

译文：这种做法不但会在平时给你带来压力，而且如果你在睡觉前刷新闻还会让你无法放松下来。

【词汇积累】situationn.状况

constantlyadv.不断地

comfortableadj.舒适的

laundryn.要洗的衣物

hesitatev.犹豫

三、完形填空

高考英语完形填空试题是考查学生阅读能力和实现高考“立德树人”德育目标的载体。“善良”“友爱”“助人”“奉献”等是历年高考英语试题中该题型重点关注的方向。在全球对抗新冠病毒的战役中，更是涌现出许多“心灵鸡汤”般的感人事迹，笔者择其一作为素材，命制了下面完形填空试题，重点考查学生对动词、名词、形容词的辨析以及对上下文的理解，希望学生可以灵活应用“承上启下，瞻前顾后，情感代入，词汇辨析”等解题思路，迅速有效地解答这类试题。

A landlord in Maine announced he will not be collecting rent from his tenants（租户）in April due to the COVID-19 virus outbreak.Nathan Nichols,of South Portland,____1____ on Facebook that the tenants living in the two units he ____2____ are service and hourly workers,who may be out of ____3____ in the coming months.

“Because I am ____4____ enough to afford it and I have the privilege of being in the owner class,I just let them know I would not be ____5____ rent in April,” Nichols wrote.“I ask any other landlords out there to take a ____6____ look at the situation and ____7____ giving their tenants some ____8____ relief as well.”Nichols said.

Nichols’ post has more than 22 000 shares and hundreds of ____9____ praising his decision.In an update ____10____ on Facebook,he revealed that it had ____11____ at least one other landlord to do the same.

He added:“Every so often,however,there is a comment from a landlord who would like to ____12____ the tenants,but simply can’t,or from a tenant who ____13____ wishes the landlord would help him,but ____14____ whether they will.To these people,I say:I don’t know your ____15____ and I don’t want to judge that a landlord who is still collecting rent is somehow a__16____ person.”

In these ____17____ times of the COVID-19 virus outbreak,it’s great to see individuals who are ____18____ the spirit of kindness.Let’s hope that Nichols’s kind ____19____ will inspire more landlords to ____20____ help to their tenants!

1.A.wrote B.sang

C.deleted D.abandoned

2.A.decorates B.owns

C.borrows D.chooses

3.A.shape B.work

C.order D.sight

4.A.happy B.panic

C.proud D.fortunate

5.A.increasing B.changing

C.collecting D.returning

6.A.boring B.rough

C.serious D.positive

7.A.consider B.appreciate

C.avoid D.suggest

8.A.mind B.tax

C.disaster D.rent

9.A.articles B.comments

C.likes D.pictures

10.A.news B.report

C.program D.post

11.A.inspired B.persuaded

C.forced D.allowed

12.A.reflect B.teach

C.help D.find

13.A.generally B.really

C.usually D.actively

14.A.trusts B.shouts

C.tells D.doubts

15.A.situation B.income

C.marriage D.trouble

16.A.rich B.bad

C.healthy D.disabled

17.A.great B.dangerous

C.sensitive D.challenging

18.A.copying B.making

C.spreading D.preparing

19.A.act B.lesson

C.lecture D.heart

20.A.receive B.arrange

C.offer D.create

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国一位房东Nichols为了帮助自己的租户度过新冠病毒肆虐期，决定在四月份减免他们的房租的故事。

1.A考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“on Facebook”可知，此处指在脸书上发布内容，即在该网站上写内容。故选 A。

2.B考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据该段第一句中“A landlord in Maine announced he will not be collecting rent from his tenants（租户）”可知，Nichols是房东，即他拥有这两栋公寓。故选B。

3.B考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“the tenants living...are service and hourly workers”可知，Nichols的租客主要是服务人员和小时工，他们在疫情期间遇到的最大困难应该是失业。故选 B。

4.D考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“afford it and I have the privilege of being in the owner class”可知，Nichols觉得自己能够负担得起房租，而且还享有业主阶级的特权，这是很幸运的。故选D。

5.C考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“A landlord in Maine announced he will not be collecting rent from his tenants （租客）in April due to the COVID-19 virus outbreak.”可知，Nichols决定四月份不收房租了。故选为C。

6.C考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境可知，此处是Nichols给其他房东的建议，他希望其他房东去认真地看看现在的状况。故选 C。

7.A考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境并结合常识可知，此处指Nichols希望其他房东看到现在的状况后，可以考虑去帮助那些可能遭遇困难的租客。故选A。

8.D考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】上文反复提到Nichols四月份不收房租，对于租客而言，这属于房租减免。故选D。

9.B考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据常识，网友对某个帖子感兴趣，会做出评论，且下文“praising his decision”也证明这是网友们的评论。故选B。

10.D考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文提到脸书网可知，Nichols在该网站上又更新了帖子，“post”指的是网络上所写的“帖子”。故选D。

11.A考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据空格后“one other landlord to do the same”可知，有房东做同样的事情，即该房东受到了Nichols的鼓舞。故选 A。

12.C考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境可知，此处指偶尔也会有房东想要帮助租客，但却无能为力。故选 C。

13.B考查副词辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境可知，此处指需要帮助的租客真心希望得到帮助。故选B。

14.D考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境及常识可知，有些租客希望得到房东的帮助，但是又怀疑房东是否愿意帮助。故选D。

15.A考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据空格后“I don’t want to judge”可知，此处指Nichols不了解上文提到的房东和租客的状况，不去轻易地下结论。故选A。

16.B考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文“I don’t want to judge that a landlord who is still collecting rent”及常识可知，此处指Nichols不去判断依然收房租的房东是否在某种程度上是坏人。故选B。

17.D考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据空格后“times of the COVID -19 virus outbreak”可知，现在是新冠病毒暴发的时期，在这一非常时期，每个人都会遇到困难，即这是一个具有挑战性的时期。故选D。

18.C考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文内容可知，Nichols做了好事，希望有人和他一样去帮助他人，而他的建议得到了他人的赞美，还真的有房东向他学习，因此此处指很高兴看到人们在传播善良的精神。故选C。

19.A考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文“he revealed that...one other land-lard to do the same”及语境可知，此处指是Nichols的善行鼓舞了他人，让他人去做好人好事。故选A。

20.C考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】对房东而言，做好人好事就是向自己的租客提供帮助。故选C。

【长难句分析】Every so often,however,there is a comment from a landlord who would like to help the tenants,but simply can’t,or from a tenant who really wishes the landlord would help him,but doubts whether they will.（第四段第一句）

分析：该句为复合句。第一个who引导定语从句，修饰先行词“a landlord”；but连接并列句，表示转折关系；or连接并列定语，修饰前文提到的“a comment”；第二个who引导定语从句，修饰先行词“a tenant”；wish后为省略that的宾语从句；第二个but连接并列句，表示转折关系；whether引导宾语从句。

译文：然而，偶尔也会有房东说他想要帮助租客，但却无能为力，或者有租客说真心希望房东能帮助他，但又怀疑房东是否会帮他。

词汇积累：announcev.通知

privilegen.特权

judgev.判断

individualn.个体

四、语法填空

语法填空题重点考查学生的语法应用能力，尤其是对动词的时态语态、非谓语动词、定语从句、形容词和副词等语法项目的掌握情况。笔者命制如下语法填空试题，不仅为了考查学生的语法掌握情况，更希望考生在解题的过程中，体会到中国人民众志成城抗击疫情的民族凝聚力和向心力。

The world is now in the control of a coronavirus pandemic（全球性流行病）,the ____1____ (direct) of the World Health Organization has said,as he expressed deep concern about“alarming levels of inaction”in the fight against the spread of the disease.

In the past two weeks,____2____ number of cases outside China has increased 13-times,said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus,and the affected countries has increased to 3 times.There are 118 000 cases in 114 countries and 4 291 people have lost their ____3____ (life).

“Thousands more are fighting for their survival in hospital,”Tedros said at a meeting in Geneva.“In the days and weeks ahead,we expect to see the many cases,the many deaths and the affected countries will climb even ____4____ (high).We have therefore made the assessment that COVID-19（新冠肺炎）can be described as a pandemic.____5____ (describe) the situation as a pandemic does not change WHO’s evaluation of the threat ____6____ (give) by this virus.It doesn’t change what WHO is doing,and it doesn’t change what countries should do.”

As the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) explains ____7____ its website,“an epidemic occurs when a disease spreads ____8____ (rapid) to many people.” Usually,what is ahead of an epidemic is an outbreak,or“a sudden rise in the cases of a disease.”

This pandemic was unlike any others in that it could be controlled,he said.The experience in China,____9____ the cases is falling,showed it was possible ____10____ (turn) things around.But many countries were not doing what was necessary.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界卫生组织宣布，世界目前正处于新型冠状病毒大流行病的控制之中，而中国的做法证明情况是有可能扭转的。

1.director考查词性转换。

【解题思路】根据空格前冠词“the”可知，空格处应填名词，根据“he expressed deep concern about‘alarming levels of inaction’in the fight against the spread of the disease.”可知，空格处应填表示人的名词。故填director。

2.the考查冠词。

【解题思路】the number of为固定用法，意为“……的数量”。故填the。

3.lives考查名词复数。

【解题思路】lose one’s life为固定短语，意为“失去生命”。该句主语为“people”，是复数，其对应名词也应为复数形式。故填lives。

4.higher考查副词比较级。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，设空处所填词修饰谓语动词“climb”，应用副词，又因其前有“even”修饰，因此应为比较级形式。故填higher。

5.Describing考查非谓语动词。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，设空处所填词为该句主语，且表示抽象概念，应用动名词作主语。故填Describing。

6.given考查非谓语动词。

【解题思路】根据句意可知，该句表示“将这种情况描述为大流行病并不改变世卫组织对这种病毒所带来的威胁的评估”，分析句子结构可知，该句中已有谓语动词“change”，故设空处应填非谓语动词。而威胁是由病毒带来的，且根据被动语态的标志词“by”可知，此处应用被动语态。故填given。

7.on考查介词。

【解题思路】on the website为固定用法，意为“在网站上”。故填on。

8.rapidly考查词性转换。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，设空处所填词修饰谓语动词“spread”，应用副词。故填rapidly。

9.where考查定语从句。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“China”，表示地点，且空格处所填词在从句中充当地点状语。故填where。

10.to turn考查非谓语动词。

【解题思路】it is possible to do...为固定句型，意为“做……是可能的”。故填to turn。

【长难句分析】As the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) explains on its website,“an epidemic occurs when a disease spreads rapidly to many people.”（第四段第一句）

分析：本句为主从复合句。As引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词为后面的整个句子；when引导时间状语从句。

译文：正如感染控制和流行病学专业人员协会（APIC）在其网站上解释的那样，“当一种传染病迅速向许多人传播时，就会发生流行病。”

【词汇积累】spreadn.传播

affectedadj.受影响的

survivaln.幸存

outbreakn.爆发

五、短文改错

短文改错文章往往是以第一人称讲述的小故事。它与语法填空相辅相成，综合考查学生的语法运用能力。其设题点往往是中国学生容易犯错的语言点。因为缺乏语言学习语境，中国学生在学习英语时，容易从中文思维出发，忽略动词的时态、词性等。笔者以新冠病毒蔓延时的一则趣闻为素材，设置了以下短文改错题，一方面告诉学生该疫情不仅影响了国家经济，而且影响了人们日常生活的各个方面，另一方面希望借此训练学生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力。

Yesterday I notice a piece of funny news on TV.A woman wore a giant giraffe costume while visited a hospital.The woman could seen walking around in the awkward brown plastic costume with only a small window of clearly plastic film to see through.Asked why he chose the party costume,she said that as a strongest member of her family,it fell to her to visit the hospital.The hospital was which her father usually treated his problems after the coronavirus outbreak.She did put on a medical mask,but fearing it wasn’t too enough to protect her,she decided to putting on the plastic giraffe costume as well.

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