现在完成时态易混点聚焦

曲梁

一、have been to / have gone to / have been in的用法比较

1. have been to意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。

I have been to Guilin. I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。

2. have gone to意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。

She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經去南京了。

3. have been in意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”。

You have never been there， have you？ 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？

二、巧学妙记：同一个意思有四种不同的表达方式

我买这块手表20年了。

I have had this watch for 20 years. （这个句型叫代替法：用一个延续性动词的现在完成时代替终止性动词，然后用“for+一段时间”句型结构）

I bought this watch 20 years ago. （这个句型叫ago法：是用“终止性动词的一般过去式+一段时间+ago”）

It is 20 years since I bought this watch. （这个句型叫强调法：It is+一段时间+since+从句）

Twenty years has passed since I bought this watch. （这个句型叫 passed法：一段时间+ has passed+since+从句）

三、现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较

1. 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

I saw this film yesterday. （强调动作发生的时间是yesterday）

I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）

2. 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：...ago， in 2018， in the past， yesterday，then， that day， one day， once （从前）， last week / month / year / night / Monday 等。

3. 现在完成时常和recently （近来）， ever， never， twice， so far （到目前为止）， since， for， in the past / last few years， already （肯定句）， yet （否定、疑问句）， just （刚刚）， before （以前）等连用。

【牛刀小试】

一、单项选择。

1. —Do you know him well？

—Sure. We ___ friends since ten years ago.

A. were     B. have been

C. have become   D. have made

2. He has ___ been to Shanghai， has he？

A. already B. never C. ever    D. still

3. Hurry up！ The play ___ for ten minutes.

A. has begun     B. had begun

C. has been on     D. began

4. It ___ ten years since he left the army.

A. is     B. has     C. will    D. was

5. Miss Brown isn't in the office. She ___ to the library.

A. has gone     B. went

C. will go     D. has been

6. We ___ Xiao Qu since she was a little girl.

A. know       B. had known

C. have known   D. knew

7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ___ twice.

A. will see     B have seen

C. saw     D. see

8. —These farmers have been to the United States.

—Really？ When ___ there？

A. will they go   B. did they go

C. do they go     D. have they gone

9. Kate ___ already ___ in this school for two years.

A. was; studying   B. will; study

C. has; studied     D. are; studying

10. His father ___ the Party since 1998.

A. joined     B. has joined

C. was in     D. has been in

11. It ___ ten years since he left the army.

A. is     B. has

C. will     D. was

12. My parents ___ Dandong for ten years.

A. have been in   B. have been to

C. have gone to   D. have been

13. The students have cleaned the classroom，___？

A. so they       B. don't they

C. have they     D. haven't they

14. ___ has Mr. Green been a member of Greener China since he ___ to China？

A. How soon; comes

B. How often; got

C. How long; came

D. How far; arrived

15. —Look！ Someone ___ the classroom.

—Well， it wasn't me. I didn't do it.

A. is cleaning     B. was cleaning

C. has cleaned   D. will clean

二、根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。

1. 戴安娜已经离开家乡十年了，她希望尽快回来。

Diana ___ ___ ___ ___ her hometown for ten years and she hopes to come back ___ ___ ___ possible.

2. 自从来到无锡，我们学校的外教已经习惯了这里的生活。

The foreign teacher in our school ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ here since he came to Wuxi.

3. 自我开始学英语以来，我结识了很多外国朋友。

I have made many foreign friends ___ I ___ learning English.

4. 他們已经采取行动挽救野生动物了吗？

Have they ___ ___ to save wild animals yet？

5. 《复仇者联盟4》已经上映两个月了。

Avengers： Endgame ___ ___ ___ for two months.

三、将下列句子翻译成英语。

1. 这位法国医生已经在中国工作十多年了。

_________________

2. 我们曾经去过上海。

_________________

3. 我还没学会怎样使用这部手机。

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4. 你从北京回来多久了？

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5. 这部手机他已经买两年了。

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