现在完成时的基本用法

曲永华

一、现在完成时考点分析

现在完成时是考试中的一个重要语法点，主要考查它的含义、结构、时间状语、短暂性动词和延续性动词的用法。考查点在题型上主要有单项选择、句型转换、翻译句子等。

二、现在完成时的构成

三、规则动词过去式、过去分词的构成

四、现在完成时的用法

五、现在完成时的时间状语

1. 常与现在完成时连用的状语：before 以前，ever 曾经，until 刚刚，never 从不，从来没有，recently 近来，最近，since 自从，just 刚刚，already 已经，yet 仍然，还，over the years多年以来，by now 到现在为止，during the last / few weeks 在过去的几个星期里，for a long time 很长时间，in the last / past few years / weeks 在过去的几年/周里，many times 许多次，over the past years 在过去的几年里，so far 到目前为止，up to / till now 到现在为止，many times 许多次。

2. 用法辨析：already， yet; never， ever; just

a） already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气;yet通常用于否定句和疑问句。

He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。

Has he already left here？ 他（真地）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）

My teachers haven't had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。

Have you written to your parents yet？ 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？

b） never是否定词，表示“从来没有”，用于肯定句中;而ever表示“曾经”，用于疑问句中。

We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。

Have you ever been to Canada？ 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？

c） just表示“刚刚”，用于完成时态时，与already， never等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have / has和动词过去分词之间。

He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。

They have just finished the work. 他們刚刚完成那项工作。

【趁热打铁】

一、同义句改写，每空词数不限。

1. He died 10 years ago.

He ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.

2. He borrowed the book two weeks ago.

He ____ the book for two weeks.

3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.

He ____ the motorbike for a month.

4. He arrived here three days ago.

He ____ here since three days ago.

5. They turned off the light two hours ago.

The light ____ for two hours.

6. He left here two years ago.

He ____ from here for two years.

7. The film began 30 minutes ago.

The film ____ for 30 minutes.

8. They opened the door an hour ago.

The door ____ for an hour.

9. They closed the door an hour ago.

The door ____ for an hour.

10. He joined the army last year.

He ____ a ____ for a  year.

二、单项选择。

1. The famous writer ___ one new book in    the past two years.

A. is writing     B. was writing

C. wrote     D. has written

2. Have you met Mr. Li ___？

A. just     B. ago

C. before     D. a moment ago

3. —How long have you ___ here？     —About two months.

A. been     B. gone

C. come     D. arrived

4. —Our country ___ a lot so far.—Yes. I hope it will be even ___.

A. has changed; well

B. changed; good

C. has changed; better

D. changed; better

5. —___ you ___ your homework yet？—Yes. I ___ it a moment ago.

A. Did; do; finished

B. Have; done; finished

C. Have; done; have finished

D. Will; do; finish

三、漢译英，每空词数不限。

1. 我的美国朋友爱上了宜昌，并且希望在此长住。

My American friend ______ Yichang and she wishes to live here forever.

2. 两个月以来，已经有400名大学生参加了“手机忍者”的测试。

400 college students ______ the test called “Mobile Phone Ninja” since two months ago.

3. 现在在十堰，大多数司机习惯了在斑马线前停下来等行人先行。

These days， most drivers ______ to wait for people to cross the road first at the zebra crossing in Shiyan.

4. 自2008年以来，达州发生了很大变化。

Great changes ______ in Dazhou since 2008.

5. Tina不可能在教室里，她去图书馆了。

Tina ____ be in the classroom. She____ to the library.