英语语法教学中的被动语态

陈倩倩

摘要：被動语态结构具有突出以及转换话题等语篇功能。在英语语法教学中，从语篇功能的角度对被动语态进行讲解、练习，有助于学生掌握被动语态的使用。

关键词：被动语态;英语教学;语法

Abstract： Passive voice has the textual functions of highlighting and changing topic. In English grammar teaching， explaining and practicing the passive voice from the perspective of textual function can help students master the use of the passive voice.

Key words： passive voice; English teaching; grammar

Introduction

The interpretation of passive voice in structuralism is often confined to the syntactic level. It is believed that only transitive verbs have passive voice. Passive voice is transformed from active voice. The meaning of active sentence and corresponding passive sentence is the same. The traditional teaching of passive voice has been focused on the conversion of two voices for a long time. As a result， although students have done a lot of exercises on the conversion of active voice and passive voice， they still do not grasp the use of passive voice.

Chen Wanxia （2002） found that learners of different English proficiency levels will encounter the same difficulties in passive voice acquisition. Liu Li （2003） found that Chinese students used verbs incorrectly in the passive structures. This shows that structuralism has not fully explained the passive sentence， and its guiding significance to the teaching of passive sentence is very limited.

Teaching design

Teaching content： Passive voice in the simple present tense

Learning objectives： Students will be able to

（1） understand the passive voice;

（2） know and use the composition of passive voice accurately;

（3） participate in the process of passive voice practice actively;

Teaching key points： Composition and application of passive voice

Teaching difficult points： Interchange of active voice and passive voice

Teaching methods： communicative and cooperative methods

Teaching procedure：

Step 1： Leading in

Show some sentences about the passive voice from the textbook. Then ask some students to translate them into Chinese and focus on the passive voice.

Step 2：Presentation

1.Point to the picture and ask “What does she do every day？”. Let students answer. Then show the answer on the screen. Guide the students to change it into the passive voice and explain it.

2.Get students to know they should master the passive voice with the simple present tense.

3.Use the form to introduce specific steps about how to change the active voice into the passive voice.

Step 3： Practice

Show an exercise that involves the passive voice with the simple present tense and check the right answer， and then focus on the form of it.

Step4： Extension

List some special changes in the passive voice.

For example：

make sb do sth—sb be made to do sth.

See sb do sth—sb be seen to do sth.

need to be done=need doing

be allowed to do=allow doing

Step5： Summary

During this class， we have learned how to change the active voice into the passive voice. Do some exercise after class to consolidate this grammar part.

Step6： Homework

1.Make some sentences about the passive voice with the simple present tense.

2.Finish the exercises about the passive voice..

Blackboard Design

The passive voice： 1. sth+am/is/are+P.P+by sb

2.Sth+am/is/are+not+P.P+by sb

3.am/is/are+sth+P.P+by sb

References：

[1]陳万霞. 2002. 从中国学习者英语语料库看英语被动句习得. 外语教学与研究，34（3）：198-202.

[2]刘丽. 2003. 关于二语习得中的过度被动现象. 广东外语外贸大学学报，14（2）：13-26.