南水北调中线工程藻水分离技术研究

王文 苗淳洋 李昊

摘 要：南水北调中线工程干渠藻类滋生，从干渠内拦截或者从边坡抽吸的藻水混合物数量很大，受场地制约和环保要求必须对藻水混合物进行藻水分离。利用振动筛的工作原理，由激振系统产生的激振力带动筛箱振动，通过高密度筛网实现藻水分离，分离后的水可直接流回干渠或灌溉干渠两侧绿化带，分离后的藻浆进行收集外运。针对藻类浓度的变化，可以改变藻水分离振动装置激振系统的频率和振幅，实现可调频、可调幅的振动分离功能。该装置可以与干渠节制闸自动化拦藻设备或渠道边坡除藻车配合使用，实现拦藻、除藻和藻水分离同步进行。试验结果表明，该装置性能稳定、运行安全可靠，藻水分离效果良好，机械自动化水平高，可以为南水北调中线工程环境维护节约大量人力、物力和财力。

关键词：藻水分离;筛网;南水北调中线工程

中图分类号：TV213; TV53   文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2020.07.018

Abstract：The algae grow rapidly in the main canal of the Mid-Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. There are too much mixtures of algae and water removed from the main canal or the side slope， and the algae separation is necessary for the limited space and the environmental requirements. The working principle of the vibrating screen was used， and the vibration of the screen box was induced by the excitation system of the algae separation equipment， and the algae were separated by the high density screen. The water was used to irrigate the greenbelt along both sides of the main canal or returned to the main canal after filtration， and the algae were collected for transportation. The frequency and amplitude of the excitation system could be changed according to the different concentration of the algae water， therefore the algae vibrational separation equipment was both frequency-adjustable and amplitude-adjustable. This equipment could work together with the automatic mechanical algae removal equipment of the main canal sluice or the algae removal truck of the side slope， then the algae could be separated as soon as they were removed from the canal or the side slope. The results show that this equipment has the advantages of steady performance， safe and reliable operation， and good effects of the algae separation and highly mechanized. This equipment can save a lot of manpower， material resources and financial resources for environmental maintenance of the Mid-Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.

Key words： algae separation; screen; Mid-Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project

随着人类社会工业化进程的加快，工农业生产以及人们日常生活排污加速了内陆湖泊、水库等缓流水体的富营养化。水体富营养化导致藻类滋生，大量繁殖的藻类呈胶质状覆盖在河面上或悬浮在水中，使水体中溶解氧含量快速减少，破坏水生态系统平衡，藻类还会释放毒性较强的藻毒素，影响用水者的身体健康[1]。南水北调中线工程作为一项重大的民生工程，有效缓解了华北地区的用水压力，但是每年6—11月干渠一些區段藻类滋生，水面一定深度下边坡上附着大量藻类，严重影响水体质量。目前南水北调中线干渠主要采用机械或人工打捞的除藻方式[2]，例如在干渠节制闸门处设置自动化过滤设备拦截藻类，或使用渠道边坡除藻车冲洗和抽吸岸坡上附着的藻类。但是拦截或抽吸上来的藻水混合物数量很大，没有足够大的场地或容器进行存放和处理，外运处理经济上不可行[3]，采取渠岸自然放置处理，未能有效处置的藻类会腐烂发臭，对环境造成二次污染[4]。因此，在前期藻类清除和拦截的基础上，如何对收集的藻类进行脱水分离并有效利用，是当前亟待解决的技术问题。