中美教学管理体制对比及对中国大学生创新能力培养的启示

摘要：美國在升学制度，学生管理，考核方式等方面与我国有诸多不同，结合我国大学教学体系和管理模式的现状，文章对比二者教学体系的不同，进一步分析并概括美国高等教育教学体制的特点，为我国现阶段大学生创新能力的培养提出建议。

关键词：中美教学管理体制;中国大学生;创新能力;

Abstract：American education is different from Chinese education in admission policy， student management and evaluation system. Combing with the current situation of China’s university teaching and management system and evaluation method， as well as the knowledge obtained in cross-cultural communication classthis semester， the article will further make a contrast and summarize the characteristics of the US higher education teaching and management system， and provide suggestions for the cultivation of college students’innovative ability at this stage.

Key words： Chinese and American teaching and management system; Chinese college students; innovative ability

1  Introduction

The current US higher education focuses on cultivating students’ critical thinking， and they have flexible teaching systems and standardized management， such as admission method， students’ management and multiple assessment. Through the analysis and understanding of teaching and management system in American higher education， finding the characteristics of their teaching and management system and take the advantages into our teaching and management system which can put forward a practice for higher education in China and also promote the further improvement of China’s higher education system to achieve the innovative goal of students’ cultivation.

2  Admission method

Most of the school admission methods in the United States are open. In order to adapt to market demand， deepenthe popularization of higher education， university in the United Stateshas adopted a diversified and open source of student resources.The college not onlyincludes young high school students of the appropriate age， but also is open to the societyrecruiting non-full-time students， unfinished high school students， and young people with special talents， even students who have entered the school， such as special grade students. The system of American university is mutual recognition and it is quite flexible and developed， and students’different and diversified entry options are acceptable. Therefore， it is diversifiedand multiple schools can be applied by students at the same time. Students can make their own choices depending on their hobbiesanddevelopment needs.

3  Student management

In terms of student management， American universities do not have class teachers and full-timestudent counselors. Students’ life and study at school are all completed independently. Theassistants do not provide students with any services in learning and living. After the students enter the school， the individual selects and formulates his or her own curriculum according to the professional credit requirements and the general lectures provided by the school， including the course category， teaching time， and weekly hours.In terms of campus culture， American universities also demonstrate their unique independence and freedom. The school provides students with a variety of free sports venues， fitness and recreation facilities. Students can choose their favorite sports style to exercise and relax according to their own time schedule. The school also has a variety of funds and associations， as long as the application submitted by the student representative can indicate that the meaning of the activity is to enhance the communication between the students， to explore and motivate the students’activities.

4  Evaluation system

On the other hand， American university curriculum assessments include many forms and methods， such asclassroom participation scores， assignment completion scores， chapter test scores， classroom test scores， mid-term exam scores. Most importantly， final exam scores will not exceed 30% of the total score. Class participation means that students answer questions on their own initiative， and it is much more relying on the students’self-learning. There will be no university exams like China. That is to say， the assessment forms in American higher education are diversified， and it is more important to supervise and test the students’ learning situation. The rich assessment methods help to promote the development of students’ independent and innovative thinking.

5  Suggestion and Conclusion

How to educate innovativeand comprehensive excellent students are so necessary to improve China’s innovation level， national comprehensive strength and core competition. The United States has advanced experience in talent innovation and training.Innovative ability can e cultivated gradually by improving the assessment model in university. At the same time， student management should be paid much attention. Higher education should establish many professional classes to help them to do career plan. It is possible to give better advice to Chinese college students’ innovative ability training system. Anyway， university is so important a place to build students’ critical thinking and cultivate students’ innovative ability.

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作者姓名：李婷，单位：北京第二外国语学院，研究方向，英语教学。