改良“Z”成形术与改良倒“L”成形术矫治单睑伴内眦赘皮效果对比研究
2020-09-02李树平孙洋
李树平 孙洋
[摘要]目的:探討改良“Z”成形术与改良倒“L”成形术矫治单睑伴内眦赘皮的临床效果。方法:选取笔者医院2017年8月-2018年9月124例单睑伴内眦赘皮患者为研究对象。按照数字表随机分为观察组和对照组各62例。观察组采用改良“Z”成形术,对照组采用改良倒“L”成形术。比较两组内眦间距(Intercanthal distangce,ICD)缩短率、视觉模拟量表(Visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、手术前后眼外形变化情况(睑裂水平长度、睑裂垂直高度、睫毛暴露长度、睫毛上翘度)及术后并发症(创面感染、眨眼受限、出血肿胀、瘢痕、皮瓣坏死)发生情况。结果:观察组ICD缩短率高于对照组,VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者手术效果比较,术后睑裂水平长度、睑裂垂直高度、睫毛暴露长度、睫毛上翘度效果相当,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症发生率6.5%显著低于对照组19.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:改良“Z”成形术矫正单睑伴内眦赘皮,手术效果较理想,术后并发症较少,安全高效,具有临床价值。
[关键词]改良“Z”成形术;改良倒“L”成形术;单睑伴内眦赘皮;内眦间距;视觉模拟量表;瘢痕;并发症
[中图分类号]R622 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2020)08-0012-03
Clinical Comparative Study on Modified “Z” Plasty and Modified Inverted “L” Plasty in the Treatment of Single Eyelid with Epicanthus
LI Shu-ping,SUN Yang
(Department of Plastic Surgery,Hefei Yixing Medical and Beauty Hospital,Hefei 230031,Anhui,China)
Abstract:Objective to investigate the clinical effect of modified “Z” plasty and modified inverted “L” plasty in the treatment of single eyelid with epicanthus. Methods 124 cases of single eyelid with epicanthus from August 2017 to September 2018 were selected as the study subjects. According to the scheme of randomized grouping by digital table, 62 cases were divided into the observation group and the control group. The observation group was treated with modified “Z” plasty, while the control group was treated with modified inverted “L” plasty. The intercanthal distangce shortening rate, visual analogue scale score , changes of eye shape before and after operation (horizontal length of eyelid fissure, vertical height of eyelid fissure, length of eyelash exposure, eyelash curvature) and the incidence of postoperative complications (wound infection, blink limitation, bleeding swelling, scar, skin flap necrosis) were compared between the two groups. Results The ICD shortening rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the VAS score was lower than that of the control group, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the operation effect of the two groups, the horizontal length of eyelid fissure, the vertical height of eyelid fissure, the exposure length of eyelashes and the curvature of eyelashes after operation were similar, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was 6.5%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (19.4%, P<0.05). Conclusion The modified “Z” plasty is a safe and effective for the correction of single eyelid with epicanthus. It has ideal effect, fewer complications, and has clinical value.
Key words:modified “Z” plasty; modified inverted “L” plasty; single eyelid with epicanthus; medial canthus distance; visual analogue scale(VAS); scar; complication
眼是“心灵的窗户”,不仅是人体重要器官,也是展现人体面部美学的重要部分。随着时代进步,人们审美标准以大眼睛、“双眼皮”、翘睫毛为美。而东亚人群的眼型中,单睑、内眦赘皮十分常见。越来越多的单睑、内眦赘皮患者想通过整容术寻求更完美的眼型。内眦赘皮是位于内眦角前方一片斜向或垂直分布的半月形皮肤蹼状皱襞[1],此种眼睑类型在蒙古人种群中常见,故也称蒙古皱襞[2]。内眦赘皮会遮盖内眦本来的形状也影响部分视野。目前,临床矫正单睑伴内眦赘皮方法较多,如“Z”成形术和倒“L”成形术。但术后很多患者存在遗留瘢痕、脸型不自然等问题[3-4]。本次研究采用改良“Z”成形术与改良倒“L”成形术矫正单睑伴内眦赘皮的124例患者,对比其临床疗效,现报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料:选取笔者医院2017年8月-2018年9月收治的124例单睑伴内眦赘皮患者为研究对象。按照数字表随机分为观察组和对照组各62例。观察组:男9例,女53例;年龄18~45岁,平均(28.6±4.96)岁;内眦赘皮严重程度:轻度15例,中度22例,重度25例;内眦赘皮据褶皱起始部位分类:睑型25例,睑板型30例,倒向型7例。对照组:男8例,女54例;年龄18~45岁,平均(29.6±4.32)岁;内眦赘皮严重程度:轻度13例,中度21例,重度28例。内眦赘皮据褶皱起始部位:睑型21例,睑板型32例,倒向型9例。两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本次研究经医院伦理委员会批准后实施。
1.2 纳入标准:①均为主动要求手术者;②年龄18~65岁;③身体健康、精神正常、无心理障碍者;④患者或其家属知情同意,签署知情同意书。
1.3 排除标准:①有面部外伤、眼部疾病等影响眶周正常组织疾病者;②合并严重眼部疾病需眼科治疗者;③精神病史者;④手术禁忌证者;⑤妊娠或哺乳期女性。
1.4 方法:观察组患者采用改良“Z”成形术。手术方法:嘱患者取端坐位或直立位,眼睛平视前方,术者用拇指将内眦部赘皮向鼻侧牵拉,仔细观察内眦位置后,在原内眦处标记A点。术者松开拇指,在赘皮的表面标志出内眦的投影点A,。以A,点为起点距睑缘5.0~7.0mm标记重睑切口线,沿赘皮皱褶标记出其与下睑的交汇点B,B点为内眦赘皮下缘的延续处。C点在重睑线切口线的延长方向。AC的长度和方向应根据患者内眦赘皮情况而定,一般AB=AC。连接A,-C-A-B,形成的2个三角皮瓣以赘皮褶皱为中轴。用尖刀将皮肤沿点划开,切开重睑切口,采用组织剪沿重睑切口下唇去除3.0~5.0mm宽的睑板前眼轮匝肌,在靠近内眦处,顺纤维组织及眼轮匝肌走向,充分游离皮下组织,继续向内眦韧带方向分离,以A,点为圆心,半径5.0mm,分离至能清晰显露白色内眦韧带,彻底去除纤维脂肪及肌肉,避免损伤泪小管及内眦韧带,将皮瓣向外下适度牵拉缝合,修复皮肤缺损,通过皮瓣Z形交错达到矫正内眦赘皮的目的。最后用8-0尼龙线精细缝合其他衔接处。
对照组患者采用改良倒“L”成形术。用与观察组一样的方式术前设计A和A,点,B点为经A点的水平线与内眦赘皮边缘的交点。用拇指将内眦赘皮沿水平方向向鼻侧牵拉,距泪阜约2mm处定為点C,经C点于下睑缘约2mm内画线可相交于D点,D点位置由内眦赘皮的严重程度决定。连接ABCD可呈倒L形。手术在局麻下进行,沿点切开,使皮下组织充分分离,切断错乱的轮匝肌,使张力彻底释放,此时C点与A点对合,下睑缘有多余皮肤。向上移位的A点与E点之间存在多余皮肤,将多余的皮肤向下牵拉,沿重睑线下缘对应皮肤边缘修剪,会形成三角瓣,此三角瓣大小以尖端可牵拉至新内眦点内侧2mm为宜。C点向内眦方向切开,并将A和E之间的三角瓣插入其中,将下内眦皮肤无张力的缝合,将重睑线下方的轮匝肌与睑板或上提睑肌腱膜缝合固定,将皮肤重睑切口仔细缝合。
1.5 观察指标:①比较两组患者术后内眦间距(Intercanthal distangce,ICD)缩短率及视觉模拟量表(Visual analogue scale score,VAS)评分:在患者坐位睁眼平视状态下,两侧的内眦部皮肤向鼻侧牵拉,显露双侧内眦点之间的距离,即ICD。观察者在VAS上对患者内眦瘢痕情况进行评分,VAS量表评分为0~10分,0分代表最佳,10分代表最差[5];②比较两组患者手术前后眼外形变化情况:包括睑裂水平长度、睑裂垂直高度、睫毛暴露长度、睫毛上翘度等。测量方法:准备不锈钢直尺、佳能数码相机。嘱患者取端坐位,保持眼耳平面与地面平行,双眼平视前方,身体左右平衡。使用计算机辅助测量,患者端坐与固定的板凳上,使患者面部自然放松。后方以白色墙面为背景,患者保持坐姿,使头部位置始终保持在法兰克福平面上,即左右两侧耳屏点和左侧眶下点共同决定的平面上。将照相机连接在三脚架上,调整脚架高度使相机镜头与患者双瞳连线于同一高度,并使镜头正对患者正中矢状面上。调整相机物距为160cm,焦距为72mm。将不锈钢直尺悬挂在患者一侧睑裂旁,使直尺保持在角膜垂直平面上。准备妥善后,嘱患者双眼平视前方,连续拍照两张,检查照片质量。将采集合格的照片导入Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件(由美国Media Cybernetics公司研发)中,进行图片定点、连线、测量、分析。先利用软件程序测量不锈钢尺上20mm所包含的像素值,在获取所需测量指标的像素值,由软件自动算出所测指标的实际值。每项指标测量两次,取其均值记录保存;③比较两组患者术后并发症发生率:主要包括创面感染、眨眼受限、出血肿胀、瘢痕、皮瓣坏死等。