昆明米轨保护与利用规划及沿线提升改造设计，昆明，中国

2020-07-28规划设计北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司

世界建筑 2020年7期

关键词：昆明市昆明绘制

规划设计：北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司

Urban Planning: Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd.

昆明米轨是滇越铁路的重要组成部分，是中国窄轨铁路的集大成，在中国近代史上具有重要的意义，极大地推动了中国西南地区的现代化进程。对于这种大型线性文化遗产的保护和利用，涉及的利益主体多、现实条件复杂，规划工作推动不易。

昆明米轨改造提升规划的编制是基于滇越铁路申遗的研究背景，以文化遗产的保护与城市的长远健康发展为目标，将遗产保护与城市建设融合，引领昆明市面向全国树立国内铁路遗产保护的模式与经验。

（1）放眼全局，积极保护，助力云南省申报中国第一条国际铁路遗产。

大力推动云南文化建设、促进云南省内全方位的交流和沟通，践行中央对于云南省的三个定位，同时向东南亚、南亚、国家展示中国在历史文化遗产、少数民族文化遗产保护方面的姿态和精神。

（2）讲清历史、强化宣传，树立整体保护的全民观念。

梳理滇越铁路（滇段）及沿线地区的发展脉络和文化脉络，并在申遗的长远保护利用方向下，研究昆明市内米轨在滇越铁路体系中的历史文化价值，向公众传递整体保护观念意识，增加社会群体对规划的认同，从而达到集群力群策、全民参与，共同推动昆明市米轨的保护、利用与城市的共同提升。

（3）织补城市活力空间，串联城市多维体验，分类施策，为城市文化遗产量身定做符合城市特点和自身实际的保护利用策略。

通过优化城市空间结构，对沿线两侧城市用地的梳理，结合可更新机会用地，布局公共服务、文化、旅游等功能，综合提升城市环境品质，带动沿线土地的升值、完善城市活力网络，丰富多维度的城市生活体验。

（4）多方征询、多方协调、多方案比选，妥善处理各类矛盾，制定切合实际的近远期计划。

使文化遗产保护成果能够惠及人民群众，丰富市民生活、促进沿线村庄的发展；能带动铁路局盘活铁路局老旧资产，将之活化利用，以特色运营增加收益；能推动城市复兴，助力沿线城市土地开发、运营。□

项目信息/Credits and Data

主要设计单位/Main Design Firm: 北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司：霍晓卫，徐慧君，张运思，骆文，陈旭娟，沈斌，张熙，王霁霄，于潇/Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd.:HUO Xiaowei, XU Huijun, ZHANG Yunsi, LUO Wen, CHEN Xujuan, SHEN Bin, ZHANG Xi, WANG Jixiao, YU Xiao

合作单位/Cooperation Firm: 昆明市规划设计研究院：陈文，周昕，赵力，廖昌启，孟令辉，孙春媛，周治，聂黎，赵禹飞/Kunming Urban Planning and Design Institute: CHEN Wen, ZHOU Xin, ZHAO Li, LIAO Changqi,MENG Linghui, SUN Chunyuan, ZHOU Zhi, NIE Li, ZHAO Yufei

项目规模/Project Scale: 约13km2/Ca. 13km2

设计完成时间/Design Completion Time: 2018.08

图片来源/Sources: 北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司/Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd.

1 昆明米轨修建过程旧照/Old photo of the construction process of metre-gauge railway in Kunming

2 昆明米轨人字桥旧照/Old photo of Kunming's metregauge railway bridge

3 昆明市内现有米轨示意图/Schematic diagram of the existing metre-gauge railway in Kunming（绘制/Drawing：沈斌/SHEN Bin）

4 昆明市内米轨沿线特色空间规划/The characteristic space plan along the metre-gauge railway in Kunming（绘制/Drawing：陈旭娟/CHEN Xujuan）

5 S型展线/S-shaped extension of line（1.2.5图片来源/Sources: 米轨开发办）

6 昆明市米轨与准轨十字交叉/The crossing between the standard-gauge railway and the metre-gauge railway in Kunming（摄影/Photo：沈斌/SHEN Bin）

7 利用米轨优化城市结构示意/Schematic diagram of optimising urban structure by using metre-gauge railway（绘制/Drawing：张运思/ZHANG Yunsi）

9 旧公房规划改造效果图/Planning and transformation renderings for the old public rental housing（绘制/Drawing：陈旭娟/CHEN Xujuan）

Kunming metre-gauge railway is an important part of Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and the masterpiece of China's narrow-gauge railway. It is a great significance in China's modern history and has greatly promoted the modernisation of Southwest China.For the preservation and utilisation of such largescale linear cultural heritage, it is not easy to promote the planning work due to the multiple stakeholders involved and complex realistic conditions.

Based on the research background of Yunnan-Vietnam Railway's application for World Cultural Heritage, the protection and utilisation planning of Kunming metre-gauge railway aims at the protection of cultural heritage and the long-term and healthy development of the city. The plan integrates the heritage protection and urban construction, leading Kunming City to establish a model and experience of domestic railway heritage protection for the whole country.

(1) Coordinate the overall situation, actively protect and help Yunnan Province declare China's first international railway heritage.

It aims to vigorously promote Yunnan's cultural construction and all-round exchanges and communication within Yunnan Province, practice the central government's three positioning of Yunnan Province. And at the same time show China's attitude and spirit in the protection of historical and cultural heritage and minorities cultural heritage to Southeast Asian and South Asian countries.

(2) Review of the history, strengthen publicity,and establish a national concept of overall protection.

Combing the development and cultural context of Yunnan-Vietnam Railway (Yunnan section) and the areas along the line, and under the long-term protection and utilisation direction of application for World Cultural Heritage, studying the historical and cultural value of Kunming metre-gauge railway in the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway system. The awareness of overall protection will be transmitted to increase the social group's recognition of the planning, so as to achieve the collective efforts, and the participation of all people, and jointly promote the preservation and utilisation of Kunming metregauge railway and the improvement of the city.

(3) Dazzle the city's vitality space, connect the city's multi-dimensional experience, classify to implement different strategies, Formulate appropriate protection and utilisation strategies meeting the characteristics of the city for the urban cultural heritage.

By optimising the urban spatial structure,combing the urban land on both sides of the route,combining renewable land opportunities, layout of public services, culture, tourism and other functions,comprehensively improving the quality of the urban environment, driving the appreciation of land along the route, improving the urban vitality system, and enriching multi-dimensional urban life experience.

(4) Multi-party consult, multi-party coordinate,multi-program select, and properly handle all kinds of contradictions, and formulate practical short- and long-term plans.

It ensures that the achievements of cultural heritage protection can benefit the people, enrich the lives of citizens, and promote the development of villages along the route; it also drives the railway bureau to revitalise the old assets of the railway bureau, activate it and use it to increase revenue with distinctive operations; It promotes urban regeneration and helps develop and operate in Cities along the route.□

刘伯英：京张铁路遗址公园的规划建设使铁路遗产受到更多的重视。随着城市扩张和高铁的发展，新车站建设逐步远离城市中心，而穿越城市中心区还在运营的铁路线与城市之间的矛盾越来越突显，造成城市空间割裂和碎片化。昆明米轨作为滇越铁路的组成部分，立足申遗，定位高远。保护利用兼顾了沿线地区的更新，弥合城市功能，织补活力空间，盘活老旧资产，为破解难题做出了有益探索。

刘松茯：米轨也称窄轨，作为一种轨道布局方式曾经辉煌一时。昆明更是中国的窄轨铁路之乡，滇越铁路、滇缅铁路、叙昆铁路等都是著名的窄轨铁路。昆明现有米轨是中国窄轨的幸存者，在对铁路及其相关设施进行保护与利用的同时，又串联了沿线的西南联合大学、云南大学、翠湖、圆通山等昆明近代重要的文化遗产地，使得米轨的保护与城市历史文化景观密切结合。力争为滇越铁路整体保护利用做出示范，为申请世界文化遗产做出积极准备。

Comments

LIU Boying: The planning and construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway Heritage Park has attracted public attention to railway heritage. With the expansion of the city and development of highspeed railway, new stations are located further away from city centres. The conflict between the city and operational railway lines passing through central districts was looming large, leading to the isolation and fragmentation of urban spaces. Kunming Metre-gauge Railway, as a segment of Yunnan-Vietnam Railway, aspires to become a site for World Cultural Heritage, so was ambitiously planned. The preservation and utilisation planning scheme gave consideration to regional renewals along the railways,connected urban functions, complemented dynamic spaces, vitalised old and abandoned assets, and made a useful exploration to solve the difficult problems.(Translated by WANG Xinxin)LIU Songfu: Metre-gauge, also known as "narrowgauge", was once a brilliant form of railway layout,and Kunming was home to China's narrow-gauge railways: the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway, the Yunan-Myanmar Railway and the Yibin-Kunming Railway and so on are all famous narrow-gauge railways. The existing metre-gauge in Kunming is the survivor of China's narrow-gauge railways. While preserving and utilising the railway and related facilities, it also connects the important modern cultural heritage sites in Kunming, including the National SouthWest Associated University, Yunnan University, Green Lake and Yuantong Mountain, well integrating the protection of the metre-gauges with the historical and cultural landscape of the city. This will strive to serve as an example for the overall protection and utilisation of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and also prepare for the World Cultural Heritage application. (Translated by Dandan Wang)