Research on the Flow of College Teachers and Countermeasures under the Background of "Double First Class" Construction

王远达

Abstract： Under the background of China's "double first-class" construction， problems such as disordered flow and imbalance of university teachers have become more prominent. Disordered flow of college teachers will cause waste of human resources， lag behind in the discipline construction of colleges and universities， and will exacerbate the development gap between higher education regions and colleges. The rational and orderly flow of college teachers will help optimize the allocation of college teacher resources and help The healthy development of higher education ecology. In order to promote the construction of "double first-class" in China， maintain the stability of college faculty， and improve the development level of China's higher education， this paper proposes four constructive countermeasures based on the dominant position of colleges and universities in the construction of faculty.

Keywords： "Double First Class" construction; flow of university teachers; reasonable flow

In 2015， the Ministry of Education adopted the "Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines"， and in 2017 announced the "Notice on Announcement of the List of World-Class Universities and First-Class Discipline-Building Universities and Construction Disciplines." With the implementation of the construction of "double first-class" universities， the competition between universities will be brought to a new level. The foundation of building a first-class university lies in first-class disciplines， and the foundation of building first-class disciplines lies in first-class talents， and the construction of first-class talents is reflected by the construction of college teachers. To this end， colleges and universities are actively formulating strategies for recruiting talents. Due to the lack of scientific planning， there are many unreasonable phenomena in the flow of college teachers in China. From a macro perspective， the loss of university teachers in the western region and the northeast region is very prominent， which has seriously affected the development of universities in the western region and the northeast region， and is not conducive to the long-term development of China's higher education. From a micro perspective， the loss of college teachers has caused many negative effects on the discipline construction and talent cultivation of the original colleges， hindering the development of colleges and universities and reducing the quality of talent cultivation.

The flow of college teachers is affected by many factors. The research found that job satisfaction significantly affects the intention of college teachers to flow， and job satisfaction is also affected by the working environment [1]. Guo Honglin and other researches through a total of 11，734 college teacher questionnaires involving 143 universities found that college teachers 'income levels and academic abilities affect college teachers' mobility behavior [2]. In general， the flow of college teachers mainly comes from three aspects. At the macro level， it is affected by the degree of development of the academic labor market in universities. At the meso level， it is affected by the hardware and software facilities provided by universities. At the micro level， it is affected by university teachers. The impact of its own human capital.

In order to promote the construction of "double first-class" in China， guide the rational and orderly flow of college teachers， promote the healthy development of college teachers， and improve the level of higher education in China， this paper proposes the following suggestions based on the dominant position of colleges and universities in the construction of teachers：

First， raise the income level of college teachers and improve the incentive distribution mechanism.

The low level of income of college teachers is a common phenomenon， especially for young teachers who have just entered the work position， the level of economic income directly affects the quality of life. To this end， colleges and universities should improve the basic salary income of teachers in a comprehensive way， and on the basis of ensuring the quality of teaching and research work， allowing college teachers to effectively compensate for the gap in salary income through part-time work in the society will also help to further develop the society of colleges and universities. Service functions. In addition， colleges and universities should give full play to the role of the incentive mechanism to ensure the rationality and fairness of the distribution system. Colleges should formulate corresponding incentive mechanisms to fully arouse the enthusiasm of teachers. At present， colleges and universities generally adopt a corresponding proportion of scientific research project funding or give teachers corresponding bonus incentives according to the level of published papers， which can alleviate the income pressure of college teachers to a certain extent. It should be noted that the incentive mechanism should be tilted toward the improvement of teaching quality and the construction of teacher ethics， so that the incentive mechanism can benefit more teachers， and it should be fair and reasonable in distribution.

Second， improve the job title evaluation system and create a strong academic atmosphere.

The rank of professional titles of university teachers is an important measure of human capital. The related research results show that the professional technical titles of university teachers affect the flow intention. To this end， colleges and universities should further improve the title evaluation system， overcome the shortcomings of emphasizing scientific research， emphasizing essays， ignoring teaching and ethics， attach importance to the teaching and scientific research achievements of young teachers， and highlight the construction of young teachers. Improve the job title review system， establish a monitoring mechanism， and increase the transparency of the review process and results. Strengthen the construction of academic style and teaching style in colleges and universities， cultivate a positive academic environment， take the construction of subject leaders as the starting point， and point out the face to stimulate the subjective initiative of academic teachers in colleges and universities. Give teachers corresponding time and financial support， encourage teachers to go out to participate in academic conferences， expand teachers' academic horizons， strengthen academic exchanges， and promote the formation of an academic community.

Third， clarify the development goals of colleges and universities， and strengthen the construction of professional management.

The construction of colleges and universities should first clarify the development direction and goals， find out its own positioning， make reasonable use of human， material and financial resources， and integrate various resources to promote its own development. Colleges and universities should plan specialization and specialization development paths， highlight key superior disciplines， base on superior disciplines， pay attention to school publicity work， transform the advantages of discipline construction into the advantages of enrollment quality， and comprehensively improve the quality of students. Taking system construction as the starting point， we will realize the professionalization of management talents and improve work efficiency. The management method should pay attention to the idea of ??putting people first. The management of college teachers is more inclined to the management of teachers by themselves. This requires college leaders to give teachers full humane care， strengthen communication and exchanges between members of the leadership team and teachers， and enhance the sense of belonging of teachers by organizing colorful cultural and sports activities.

Fourth， increase investment in office conditions and expand communication channels for teachers.

The teaching and scientific research of college teachers are inseparable from the necessary material conditions. Universities should increase investment in teaching and office facilities to ensure that the necessary teaching and office of teachers are not affected by the basic conditions. Especially for science and engineering colleges， we should pay more attention to increasing the input of experimental equipment. The necessary teaching and scientific research equipment is a prerequisite for satisfying teachers' normal work. Increasing investment in advanced equipment in the subject area can encourage teachers to climb the peak of scientific research， enable teachers to make long-term planning， and help the stability of the teaching team. To broaden the communication channels between teachers， on the one hand， universities should establish academic communication channels between teachers to promote the formation of an academic community; on the other hand， the administrative department should simplify the management process and improve the management service level. At the same time， a special agency should be set up to deal with the conflicts among teachers， create good interpersonal relationships， and enhance teachers' job satisfaction in all aspects.

References：

[1] You You. An Empirical Study of Teachers Mobility Intention in Colleges and Universities： A Perspective of Work Environment Perception and Job Satisfaction [J]. Education Review of Peking University， 2014，12 （02）： 128-140 + 192.

[2] Guo Honglin， Zhen Feng， Wang Fan. Research on the flow of talents in higher education in China and its influencing factors [J] .Tsinghua University Education Research， 2016，37 （01）： 69-77.