运用思维导图提高初中学生英语写作案例

赵桂华

摘 要：思维导图是表达发散性思维的有效图形思维工具。对于当下我国学生的英语写作而言，其难点并不是如何写作，而是如何通过对写作思路的整理组织，构建一个合理清晰的写作框架。本文通过将思维导图有效地运用到英语作文写作中，能够很好地提高学生的英语写作兴趣。

关键词：思维导图;初中英语写作;成績

当前，我国不少地区的英语教师将思维导图运用到英语教学中，但对于英语写作纳入思维导图还比较少。思维导图有效运用到英语写作教学中，能够有效促进学生英语写作水平的提高，同时能对学生在英语词汇、阅读等各方面有着积极指导意义。

一、目前初中阶段学生写作时的困惑

困惑1：写什么？

困惑2：即使知道了写作框架，但在补充框架时又会遇到另一个困惑：如何选材？

1. 选定英语导图各区域所需的词块和语块。

2. 将各区域的词块和语块按段落写成连贯的语篇。

3. 对照思维导图自我批改，注意人称、时态语态、句型结构的正确使用。

困惑3：写作句式单一，不清楚同样的意思可以用不同的句式表达。因此文章大多雷同，缺乏个性。

1. 对相同意思，注意不同句式的表达法，选择更好的句式。

2. 短文写作，表达力求精悍、生动、丰富，避免重复用一样的句式。

3. 特别注意使用承上启下的词语和句子。

二、综述：思维导图英语作文写作的思考流程

1. 审题、理清思路：考虑写什么（挑选关键词，搭建作文框架）。

2. 选择词语：根据话题和作文框架选用所需要的语料（词块和语块）。

3. 遣词造句：根据思维导图中的语料，用合适的句型写作。

4. 语篇定稿：根据思维导图修改润色作文——紧扣主题，表达准确，关联自然，语篇流畅。

实例1.【2012天津】

假如你有两位同学——芳芳和明明，参加了上星期二学校组织的英语演讲比赛，他们的不同表现使你深有感触。请你根据下列表格中的内容提示写一篇英语短文。

参考词汇：英语演讲比赛 English Speech Contest

要求：

1. 词数：80～100个

2. 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数

3. 要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥

Last Tuesday Fangfang and Mingming entered the English Speech Contest in our school. What they did make me think deeply.

Before the contest， Fangfang thought_____________________

高分范文1.

Last Tuesday Fangfang and Mingming entered the English Speech Contest in our school. What they did make me think deeply.

Before the contest， Fangfang thought her English was the best. So she spent lots of time picking some beautiful clothes for herself instead of trying to work hard at English for the contest. As a result， she didnt do well in the contest because she hadnt got ready for the contest.

But Mingming was different from Fangfang. He worked hard at English and asked others for help. Especially， his leg was hurt two days before the contest， but he never gave up. In the end， he won the contest.

No doubt， from Mingming we should learn ： No pains， No gains. From now on， I mush learn from Mingming.

高分范文2.

Last Tuesday Fangfang and Mingming entered the English Speech Contest in our school. What they did make me think deeply.

Before the contest， Fangfang thought she was good at English， and that she didnt need to spend more time on the contest at all. She always considered picking some beautiful clothes for the contest. But Mingming was different. He worked hard at English and asked others for help. Though he had hurt his leg two days before the contest， he never gave up.

In the end， Fangfang didnt get ready well enough. At the contest， she was so nervous that she she failed. But Mingming won because of his efforts.

In my opinion， we should learn from Mingming： Work hard and make progress every day.

标准范文：

Last Tuesday Fangfang and Mingming entered the English Speech Contest in our school. What they did make me think deeply.

Before the contest， Fangfang thought that she was good at English. So it was necessary to spend lots of time preparing for the contest. What she only thought was what clothes should wear， which make herself more beautiful at the contest. At last， she was too nervous to finish the contest because she didnt get ready very well.

Instead， Mingming had been working at English and asking others for help. Whats more， he had hurt his leg two days before the contest. But he had never given up. As the result， he won the contest.

I think we should learn from Mingming： Work hard and never give up.

实例2.【2012吉林】

生活是丰富多彩的，没有爱好的人生是不完整的人生。亲爱的同学，在生活中，你有什么兴趣爱好吗？这个兴趣爱好是怎样培养起来的？它給你的生活增添了哪些色彩？请你以“My Hobby”为题，结合自己的亲身经历写一篇短文。（词数80个左右）

要求：

1. 语句通顺，合乎逻辑，书写规范。

2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。

标准范文：

Reading is my hobby. When I was seven years old， one day， I read a comic book about how a girl beat a wolf. I was moved deeply by the girl. From then on I became interested in reading books.

Reading can not only kill the time， but also， more importantly， help improve my skills. And books can teach me how to be a good person. Books can also solve many problems for me.

In a word， reading books can make my life colorful. I will read more good books to improve myself in the future.

高分范文1：

My hobby is collecting stamps. On my seventh birthday， I got my first stamp album from my uncle. After that， I started collecting stamps. Now， I have collected hundreds of different stamp.

Usually， I take a map of the world. When I collect a stamp from a different country， I find the place on the map and put the stamp there. As the result， I can learn about the world as well as getting the joy.

In a word， collecting stamps ahs made me get much knowledge and enjoy a lot.

高分范文2：

My favourite hobby is watching movies in the cinema. Three years ago， while I was watching the adventure 3D film Avatar in the cinema， I was attracted by the beautiful sights. It was so creative that it made me enjoy a lot. From then on， I became a movie fan.

Now， when I am tired， I go to the cinema. When I am happy， I go to the cinema， too. On the one hand， movies can make me relaxed. On the other hand， I can learn lots of knowledge from movies.

目前，你校校刊正在开展以“My Favorite Sport”为话题的征文活动，请你积极思考，谈谈自己的看法。

内容提示：

1. Whats your favorite sport？

2. Why？

要求：

1. 中心突出，语义连贯，层次清晰，书写规范;

2. 词数80个左右。

思路点拨

看到作文题目后首先审题，主题是“My Favorite Sport”（我最喜欢的运动），可以分三段，第一段点明主题，第二段阐述原因，第三段结语，当然阐述原因时也可以分两段。

在脑海中构建思维导图，如下：利用思维导图有助于学生有逻辑有条理地组织文章结构，接下来就可以以词组句、以句组段、下笔成文了。

以下有两篇优秀作文，请鉴赏：

01  My Favorite Sport

Jogging is one of the most wonderful sports in the world. A lot of people enjoy it including me. Here are two reasons.

First of all， jogging can help keep friendship. I enjoy jogging with my friends every morning on the way to school and we talk a lot during it. When I face difficulties， I will tell them and they always give me a hand. When I make great progress in my study， I will share my happiness with them. Jogging develops our friendship greatly. Whats more， jogging is cheaper than many other sports. It doesnt cost much.

As you can see， jogging brings me friendship. Jogging has become part of my life. I am sure that the more I go jogging， the healthier I will feel. I like jogging best.

02  My Favorite Sport

Swimming is my favorite sport. Here are the reasons.

Firstly， swimming plays an important role of being healthy. It can make my shoulders very strong and help me lose weight. I can even live longer if I keep swimming in my whole life.

Secondly， while swimming， I forget sadness and lead a happy life. Every time I meet problems or feel terrible， I choose to swim and throw all my sadness away. It really works.

Thirdly， swimming can make me relaxed after a long time of study.

Now its easy to see why I like swimming so much. It really does good to me.

綜上所述，思维导图的综合有效运用，能够为学生提供英语写作的作文思路，并根据这种思路构建具体的、适合英语具体主题的写作框架，学生根据已构建的思路框架进行具体内容的写作，这种方法能够将学生的零散细碎的英语知识（包括词汇、语法、句型、短语以及英语文化的运用）更为直观地运用到写作。

参考文献

[1]杨静.思维导图对提高小学英语作文水平的研究[D].大连：辽宁师范大学，2013.

[2]蒙旭芳.如何运用思维导图方式提高初中英语写作能力[C].黑龙江省建三江管局青龙山农场学校，2012.