2019年11月CATTI二级笔译 实务真题（英译汉）

韩子满

passage 1

[1] Where there is financial connection1， we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. In modern world， there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today： increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion.

[2] First， enabling capital to flow more freely. Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. Right now， foreign direct investment is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis， it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs2 will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely. Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance， improve the efficiency of the financial sector， and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs.

[3] Second， we also need increased financial inclusion. Challenges come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully， we know from experience the elements that are required for success3. These include sound financial regulation， transparent rules for investment， and attention to fiscal sustainability. A few numbers： close to half of the adult population in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution. And yet， we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand， the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent. How can we get there？ In part， through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011.

[4] There is no quick fix， but we know that Fintech can play a catalyzing role. In Cambodia， for example， strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers， representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own.

[5] These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other. The IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda last October. The agenda lays out key principles―from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity―that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion.

【参考译文】

[1] 我们发现，只要有金融关联的地方，生活质量很快就会大幅提升。当今世界有好几个重要的渠道，可以加强金融关联。今天我想强调其中两个：加强资本流动和加强金融包容性。

[2] 首先，使资本流动更加自由。允许资本跨境流动有助于推动包容性增长。目前，对外直接投资在发展中国家只占GDP的1.9%，而国际金融危机发生以前是2.5%。要想更好地应对大型设施需求，资本流动就要再次活跃起来，也要对其进行安全管制。对资本流动更加开放也可以降低融资成本，提升金融部门的效率，使资本支持生产性投资并创造新的就业岗位。

[3] 其次，我们也需要加强金融包容性。开放资本市场会带来挑战。所幸，根据以往经验，我们知道成功应对需要哪些要素，其中包括金融监管健全、投资规则透明、关注财政可持续性。跟大家说几个数字：在中低收入亚太经济体中，接近一半的成年人没有银行账户，不到10%的人从金融机构借过钱。然而我们知道，各国要想在21世纪繁荣发展，缩小金融差距是必须采取的经济政策。国际货币基金组织的分析表明，如果金融包容性最不理想的亚洲国家能够将金融差距缩小到泰国的水平，其贫困率就可以减少4%。怎么做到这一点呢？部分措施是使妇女和农村居民享受到金融服务。发展中国家女性面临的金融性别差距大约是9%，且2011年以来基本没有变。

[4] 没有快速解决的办法，不过我们知道金融科技可以起到催化剂的作用。比如在柬埔寨，政府与民营部门密切合作，支持移动金融，使得2011年以来该国微型金融机构的数量增加了两倍。这些小微型金融机构现在为200多万新的借款人提供贷款，相当于该国近20%的成年人口。这些国民中，很多人此前从未有过银行账户。现在他们可以存钱以备将来之需，甚至自己創业。

[5] 这些想法在哪里都适用。但各国必须愿意合作，并相互学习。去年10月，世界银行和国际货币基金组织发布了《巴厘岛金融科技纲领》，列出了有助于各国增强金融包容性的重要原则，包括发展金融市场和保护金融诚信等许多内容。

【译评】

1. 本文专业性较强，用到了一些金融专业的术语，译文最好用汉语金融术语的习惯译法。下文的financial inclusion和inclusive growth等也是如此。

2. 原文意思比较含混，没有说明是progress和needs到底是什么关系，翻译为“更好地满足……需求”或是“在满足……需求上取得进步”不一定准确，译文因此最好也含混一些。

3. 单纯把success译为“成功”，句子意思会过于含混。从下一句内容来看，success肯定与上面的challenge相关，因此加上“应对”。

passage 2

[1] NASA is going to pretend a deadly asteroid is on its way， to practise for a real one.1

[2] The “tabletop exercise” will allow the space agency and the other government organisations that will be tasked with responding to such an event to simulate their response， ahead of the possibility of a real example.2

[3] The scenario will see a very realistic but nonetheless fictional disaster， in which an asteroid will be headed for Earth3. The scenario has been developed by one of the NASA organisations tasked with studying such near-earth objects， or NEOs.

[4] It will bring together not just NASA but other international organisations to test out their response4. Such exercises are used across the disaster response sector to ensure that the real responses are as fast and effective as possible.

[5] “These exercises have really helped us in the planetary defense5 community to understand what our colleagues on the disaster management side need to know，” said Lindley Johnson， NASAs Planetary Defense Officer. “This exercise will help us develop more effective communications with each other and with our governments.”

[6] NASA and other organisations have spent more than 20 years scanning the skies for NEOs， looking for asteroids and comets that come within 30 million miles of Earths orbit. Groups such as NASAs Planetary Defense Coordination Office （PDCO） as well as the European Space Agencys Space Situational Awareness - NEO Segment and the International Asteroid Warning Network （IAWN） have been working to better communicate the danger that such objects pose to Earth.

[7] There is no strict script in such an exercise. Instead， it will be used to test out how NEO observers， space agency officials， emergency managers， decision makers and citizens would respond to the threat of an impact.

[8] Those taking part will discuss possible preparations： how they would explore the asteroid， work out the best ways of deflecting it and dealing with its impact effects.

[9] NASA has already participated in such exercises， working on some with the Federal Emergency Management Agency （FEMA）. Those exercises brought representatives from a variety of different federal agencies， including the departments of Defense and State.

[10] Previous exercises showed that the focus of emergency management officials was not on scientific details. Instead， they just want to know when， where and how an asteroid will hit the Earth， as well as what sort of damage is done， according to FEMA.

[11] NASA continues to work on that science， however， in an attempt to better improve humanitys ability to predict the exact location and effects of any impact.

[12] “NASA and FEMA will continue to conduct periodic exercises with a continually widening community of US government agencies and international partners，” said Leviticus Lewis of the Response Operations Division for FEMA. “They are a great way for us to learn how to work together and meet each others needs and the objectives laid out in the White House National NEO Preparedness Action Plan.”

【參考译文】

[1] 美国宇航局准备举行一场“致命小行星来袭”模拟演练。

[2] 通过此次“桌面演练”，该航天部门和其他将要负责应对此类事件的政府机构可以在真正的袭击来临之前，模拟出应该采取的响应措施。

[3] 此次演练模拟的场景是一颗小行星即将飞向地球。这个灾难场景非常逼真，是由美国宇航局下属一个负责研究近地天体的机构拟定的。

[4] 参加此次应急演练的不仅有美国宇航局，还有其他国际组织。这样的演练在整个灾害响应部门都会用到，以确保实际的响应措施尽可能迅速且有效。

[5] “这样的演练的确帮助我们行星防御人员了解到灾难管理部门的同事需要知道哪些信息。”美国宇航局行星防御官林德利·约翰逊说，“此次演练将有助于我们加强相互间的沟通，以及与政府的沟通。”

[6] 美国宇航局等机构20多年来一直在观察太空，寻找近地天体，以及距离地球轨道3000万英里以内的小行星和彗星。美国宇航局行星防御协调办公室、欧洲航天局空间态势感知近地天体部以及国际小行星预警网络等组织一直在合作，让有关部门更好地了解有关此类天体对地球的威胁。

[7] 这样的演练没有明确的脚本，其目的是要考验近地天体观测人员、宇航局官员、应急管理人员、决策人员及市民对天体撞击如何响应。

[8] 参加演练的人员会讨论可能要做什么准备：如何探测小行星，找到使其偏离轨道以及应对撞击影响的最佳方案。

[9] 美国宇航局已经参加过这样的演练，其中一些是与联邦应急管理局共同举办的。包括国防部和国务院在内的许多联邦机构均派代表参加过这些演练。

[10] 之前的演练表明，应急管理官员们并不关注科学细节。根据联邦应急管理局的说法，他们只想知道小行星会以何种方式在何时撞击地球何地，以及造成怎样的破坏。

[11] 不过，美国宇航局会继续进行这方面的科学研究，以提高人类预测天体确切撞击地点及影响的能力。

[12] “美国宇航局和联邦应急管理局将与越来越多的美国政府部门和国际伙伴一起，继续定期举辦这样的演练。”联邦应急管理局应急行动部的勒维提克斯·刘易斯如是说，“演练是一种非常好的办法，让我们可以知道如何协作，满足彼此的需求，实现白宫近地天体战备行动计划中列出的目标。”

【译评】

1. 这句结构简单，意思好理解，但翻译起来不容易，句子结构需要调整，需要把意思重组后再表达。按照字面直译，不仅句子难以组织，也不符合汉语习惯。原文是一则新闻，内容是举行演练、演练模拟的内容和演练的目的。不妨根据汉语新闻的表达习惯，对这句重新组织。演练的内容和目的合并在一起了，因为二者重合度较高，一个是pretend，一个是real。这种表达在汉语新闻中很常见。如“中国新闻网”3月13日一则新闻的第一句话就是：广西壮族自治区南宁市西乡塘区四联小学举行“学生健康入校”模拟开学演练，以便在开学后，如遇到疫情，能迅速、有序、高效控制疫情，处理疫情。该新闻中，演练内容和目的重合度低，因此表达不同。

2.此句有两个可能的难点。一是原文的结构，需要看出“allow... to simulate...”这个结构;二是要根据汉语习惯对后一个分句进行重组，example和possibility都无法按照字面译出。

3.这句话中的which定语从句不太好处理。按照汉语习惯从句内容应该放在主句中，即先交代演练的场景，然后再对场景加以定性。

4.这里的不定式结构最好提前，如果机械地译为目的状语，会比较累赘。这样的演练本身就是为了测试响应情况的。改为定语，就自然多了。

5. 翻译为“地球防御”也可以。planetary这里其实就是地球的意思，美国宇航局设立的Planetary Defense Coordination Office，目的就是研究保护地球免受天体撞击。国内新闻媒体通常把这个机构翻译为“行星防御协调办公室”。                                                                                                                     □