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Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

2020-06-19

时代英语·初中 2020年2期
关键词:后置通告辨析

重点单词

1. cheer  v.  欢呼;喝彩

cheer up (使) 变得更高兴;振奋起来

I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.

我写那首歌只是为了给自己打气。

cheer  n.  欢呼声;喝彩声

2. volunteer  v.  义务做;自愿做

n.  志愿者

volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事

Jack volunteered to carry water.

杰克自愿去运水。

I need one volunteer.

我需要一名志愿者。

3. notice  n.  通知;通告;注意

v.  注意到;意识到

You can put a notice on the newspaper if you want to find an old bike.

如果你想要找一辆旧的自行车,你可以在报纸上登个通告。

notice sb do sth 注意到某人做某事 (全过程)

notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事

4. lonely  adj.  孤独的;寂寞的

Sam was very lonely when he first moved to New York.

山姆刚搬到纽约时非常寂寞。

辨析:lonely和alone

(1)lonely  adj.  孤独的;寂寞的。指人孤独的,寂寞的,强调主观感受。

(2)alone  adv.  独自地;单独地。指无人陪伴的客观事实,不带感情色彩。

She lives alone and often feels lonely.

她孑然一身,常感到寂寞。

5. several  pron.  几个;数个;一些

Several boys were injured.

有几个男孩受伤了。

注意:several只能用来修饰可数名词复数。

6. satisfaction  n.  满足;满意

He gained satisfaction from his work.

他从工作中得到满足。

satisfy  v.  使……满意,使……满足

satisfied  adj.  满意的

be satisfied with... 对……满意

7. raise  v.  募集;征集

raise money 筹集资金

We are raising money for charity.

我们在进行慈善募捐。

raise v. 提起;使升高;提高;提出;养育

raise ones hand 举手 raise crops 种庄稼

raise ones voice 提高嗓音 raise a question 提出问题

8. repair  v.  修理;修补

辨析:repair, mend和fix

(1)repair的對象范围很广,从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品,是指使受到一定损失或失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。

Who has repaired the broken leg of the table?

谁把桌子的断腿修好了?

(2)fix指重新“调”物体的结构,把松散的部件固定结实,将分离的物体的各部分装配起来。

Can you fix the broken chair?

你能修理那把坏了的椅子吗?

(3)mend是指恢复某物原来的样子 (包括用针、线来缝补),一般指较小之物。

This shirt is too old to mend.

这件衣服太旧不能补了。

9. imagine  v.  想象;设想

用法:imagine + n./imagine (sb) doing sth 想象某物/想象(某人)做某事

I cant imagine life without the children now.

我现在无法想象没有了孩子们的生活。

I can just imagine him saying that!

我确实能想到他那么说!

10. difficulty  n.  困难;难题

She had no difficulty in finding jobs.

她找工作一点也不困难。

difficulty表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数名词;表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数名词。

have difficulty (in) doing sth=have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难

I had no difficulty (in) making myself understood.

我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。

11. carry  v.  拿;提;扛

辨析:bring, take和carry

(1)关于bring与take

bring 和 take 是一对反义词。bring 表示从别处把某人或物“带来”或“拿来”,而 take 则指把某人或物“带走”或“拿走”。

Please take the empty cup away and bring me a cup of tea.

请把这个空杯子拿走,给我拿杯茶来。

(2)关于carry

carry指“携带;拿;提;扛;抱”,不具体说明来去的方向。

I never carry much money with me.

我身上从不带很多钱。

She carried her baby in her arms.

她把婴儿抱在怀里。

12. excited  adj.  激动的;兴奋的

He was getting excited just thinking about the trip.

一想到那次旅行他就兴奋。

be excited about 对……感到兴奋

The kids were excited about the holiday.

孩子们对假期兴奋不已。

exciting  adj.  令人兴奋的;令人激动的;刺激的

The race itself is very exciting.

比赛本身非常刺激。

13. interest  n.  兴趣;关注

v.  使感兴趣;使关注

Politics doesnt interest him.

政治引不起他的兴趣。

show (an) interest in sth

对……表现出兴趣

Do your parents show an interest in your friends?

你的父母有兴趣了解你的朋友吗?

重点短语

1. give out 分发;散发

give out sth to sb 分某物给某人

Give out your candies to the classmates.

把你的糖果分给同学们。

2. come up with 想出;提出(主意、计划、回答等)

We werent able to come up with any new suggestions.

我们提不出任何新建议。

catch up with 赶上;追上

3. try out 参加……选拔;试用

She is going to try out for the basketball team.

她准备参加篮球队的选拔。

try on 试穿

try to do sth 努力做某事

try doing sth 试图做某事

4. take after (外貌或行为) 像

He takes after his father in being weak-minded.

他优柔寡断,像他爸。

look like 只指在外貌上“与……相像”。

活学活用

1. He was exciting about the party.(单句改错)

A        B         C ( )

2. Several ______ (letter) arrived this morning.

3. She couldnt imagine ______ (live) in a place like that.

4. I have d______ working out the math problem.

5. We have to c______ a lot of books in our school bags

every day.

基本語法

动词不定式

用法:

1. 作主语

为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置。

常用句型:It+be+adj./n.+(for/of sb) to do sth

Its important to learn English well.

学好英语很重要。

2. 作宾语

动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。

He decided to leave his hometown.

他决定离开家乡。

3. 作 (后置) 定语

常用于“have/has+sth+to do”或“enough+名词+to do”等结构中。

He has nothing to do at home.

他在家没什么事做。

4. 作宾语补足语

tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成tell/ask/want/invite/teach/like/call sb to do sth结构。

注意:动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:“一感 (feel),二听 (listen to, hear),三让 (let, make, have),四看 (look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助 (help)”。

5. 作状语

主要用来修饰动词,表示目的、结果或原因。

He got up at 6 oclock to catch the early bus.

他六点起床去赶早班车。

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