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小麦白粉病菌分生孢子田间传播的初步研究

2020-06-08刘伟赵亚男韩翠仙王奥霖袁军海杨旭光范洁茹周益林

植物保护 2020年3期

刘伟 赵亚男 韩翠仙 王奥霖 袁军海 杨旭光 范洁茹 周益林

摘要  2015年度采用定容式孢子捕捉器对田间空气中小麦白粉病菌分生孢子传播的初步研究表明,在病害发生初期病菌分生孢子捕捉量比较低,但随着菌源中心病害的逐渐加重,病菌分生孢子在距菌源中心20 m和40 m远处捕捉量随之增大。线性弧度相关分析结果发现,距菌源中心北向20 m和40 m处的孢子捕捉量与风向存在显著正相关性;距菌源中心不同距离处的孢子捕捉量之间均存在极显著正相关性,且在相同方向上,距菌源中心20 m处孢子捕捉量显著高于40 m处孢子捕捉量。

关键词  小麦白粉病菌; 病菌孢子捕捉量; 病菌传播梯度; 流行监测

中图分类号:S 435.121.46

文献标识码: A

DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018005

A preliminary study on the dispersal of aerial conidia of

Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici in wheat fields

LIU Wei1, ZHAO Yanan1,2, HAN Cuixian1,2, WANG Aolin1,

YUAN Junhai2, YANG Xuguang3, FAN Jieru1, ZHOU Yilin1

(1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection,

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 2. College of Agriculture and

Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China;

3. Ningxia Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Yinchuan 750002, China)

Abstract

The dispersal of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt) conidia in the air was preliminarily studied by Burkard volumetric spore sampler in 2015, showing that the captured number of pathogenic conidia was low during the early epidemic period of wheat powdery mildew, however, the number of Bgt spores captured from 20 m and 40 m away from the north or east of the pathogen source center increased along with disease epidemic development. The results of linear-circular correlation analysis showed that the number of Bgt spores captured from 20 m and 40 m away from the north of the pathogen source center was significantly and positively correlated with wind direction. The number of Bgt spores captured by each spore trap was significantly and positively correlated with each other, and in the same direction, the number of pathogen spores captured from 20 m away from the pathogen source center was significantly higher than that at 40 m.

Key words

Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici; captured number of pathogen spores; pathogen dispersal gradient; disease epidemic monitoring

小麥白粉病属典型的多循环气传性真菌病害,病菌分生孢子随气流传播是引起田间、邻近区域甚至远距离寄主发病和流行的主要原因之一[12],因此,研究小麦生长季节空气中病菌孢子的传播距离和传播量,对于了解病害的田间传播规律和指导制定田间防治策略具有重要意义。曾士迈通过分析小麦条锈病田块内、田块间及区域间的菌源区菌量、传播距离和着落区的发病程度,对小麦条锈病的近程、中程和远程传播进行了定量研究[34],建立了菌源量与传播距离的关系模型。近年来基于病菌孢子捕捉器捕捉技术的不断改进和发展,已有不少利用病菌孢子捕捉技术来分析研究病菌孢子传播距离和传播量及其关系的研究报道[5]。例如Guo等利用Burkard定容式孢子捕捉器可以捕捉到距离接菌中心25 m处油菜黑胫病菌Leptosphaeria maculans的子囊孢子[6]。鉴于目前利用定容式孢子捕捉器定量研究小麦白粉病菌分生孢子传播距离和传播量关系的研究未见报道,本研究在利用定容式孢子捕捉器监测田间空气中小麦白粉病菌分生孢子动态变化的基础上[79],于2015年采用定容式孢子捕捉器,在水平方向上距菌源中心不同距离处进行孢子捕捉,初步分析了不同方向和不同距离处孢子捕捉量之间以及孢子捕捉量与风速、风向、传播距离的关系,此研究结果可为定量研究小麦白粉病田间传播梯度规律奠定基础。