超声、CT引导下经皮穿刺联合Xpert MTB/RIF技术早期诊断脊柱结核的价值
2020-05-26盛杰朱洋地里下提·阿不力孜唐伟古甫丁宋兴华
盛杰 朱洋 地里下提·阿不力孜 唐伟 古甫丁 宋兴华
摘要:目的 探討超声、CT引导下经皮穿刺微创技术联合Xpert MTB/RIF技术早期诊断脊柱结核的临床应用价值。方法 选取2018年1月~2019年12月在新疆维吾尔自治区胸科医院骨科接受超声、CT引导下经皮穿刺的疑似脊柱结核患者67例,穿刺获取的病灶标本同时采用Xpert MTB/RIF、BACTEC MGIT 960和抗酸染色技术进行结果对比。以临床综合诊断为参照标准,评价Xpert MTB/RIF技术对脊柱结核的诊断效能。结果 以临床综合诊断为参照标准,67例疑似患者中确诊为脊柱结核患者43例,非脊柱结核24例。三种检测方法报告时间比较:抗酸染色为(3.67±1.72)h,Xpert技术为(1.00±0.40)d,BACTEC MGIT 960法结核菌培养为(10.40±2.90)d。抗酸染色、结核菌培养及Xpert技术诊断脊柱结核的敏感度和特异度分别为34.88%和100.00%,48.84%和95.83%,81.40%和95.83%;一致性分析显示:Xpert技术一致性较好(Kappa=0.73),抗酸染色(Kappa=0.28)和结核菌培养(Kappa=0.37)一致性一般。三种检测方法对脊柱结核的诊断价值为Xpert技术(AUC值=0.89)>结核菌培养(AUC值=0.72)>抗酸染色(AUC值=0.67)。结论 经超声、CT引导下的经皮穿刺术具有早期、微创、安全的优势,联合Xpert技术对脊柱结核的早期准确诊断具有较高的价值。
关键词:脊柱结核;穿刺术;核酸扩增技术;超声;结核菌培养;抗酸染色
中图分类号:R529.2 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.08.021
文章编号:1006-1959(2020)08-0064-03
Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical application value of ultrasound and CT guided percutaneous puncture minimally invasive technique combined with Xpert MTB/RIF technique for early diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis.Methods 67 patients with suspected spinal tuberculosis underwent ultrasound and CT guided percutaneous puncture in the Department of Orthopedics, Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2018 to December 2019,the specimens obtained by puncture were compared with Xpert MTB/RIF, BACTEC MGIT 960 and acid-fast staining technique. Using the comprehensive clinical diagnosis as the reference standard, the diagnostic efficacy of Xpert MTB/RIF technology for spinal tuberculosis was evaluated.Results Taking the comprehensive clinical diagnosis as the reference standard, of the 67 suspected patients, 43 were diagnosed with spinal tuberculosis and 24 were non-spine tuberculosis. Comparison of the reporting time of the three detection methods: acid-fast staining is (3.67±1.72) h, Xpert technique is (1.00±0.40) d, BACTEC MGIT 960 method tuberculosis culture is (10.40±2.90) d The sensitivity and specificity of acid-fast staining, tuberculosis culture and Xpert technology for the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis were 34.88% and 100.00%, 48.84% and 95.83%, 81.40% and 95.83%, respectively.Consistency analysis showed that Xpert technology had good consistency(Kappa=0.73),acid-fast staining(Kappa=0.28) and tuberculosis culture (Kappa=0.37) were generally consistent. The diagnostic value of the three detection methods for spinal tuberculosis is Xpert technique(AUC value=0.89)> tuberculosis culture (AUC value=0.72)> acid-fast staining (AUC value=0.67).Conclusion Ultrasound and CT-guided percutaneous puncture has the advantages of early, minimally invasive and safe. Combined with Xpert technology, it has high value for the early and accurate diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis.
3讨论
脊柱结核在发病早期往往没有特异的临床表现,与布氏杆菌性脊柱炎、化脓性脊柱炎、脊柱肿瘤等疾病鉴别诊断较为困难,利用实验室血清学检测、影像学检查等技术均难以实现早期确诊,需经开放性手术获取病灶标本行病理或细菌学检测方可诊断[3]。然而开放手术创伤大,体弱、低龄及老年患者因不能耐受手术无法获取病灶标本,导致难以制定科学、合理的治疗方案而影响预后。此外,部分手术患者因术前无法准确判断病情使得用药不当导致手术失败、疾病迁延不愈,最终遭受巨大的身体和精神创伤。近年来,在超声、CT引导下经皮穿刺作为脊柱微创外科一项成熟的技术,因其安全、微创等优势逐渐被临床广泛使用[4]。本研究67例不能明确诊断脊柱病变的患者均通过超声、CT引导下行经皮穿刺成功获取病灶处的脓液或软组织、死骨等标本,患者年龄最高达83岁,有效解决因无法耐受手术获取标本而无法明确诊断的问题。
脊柱结核患者因抗结核药物治疗导致病灶含菌量少,加之菌量分布不均匀、培养过程易污染,培养周期长等使得单纯的传统实验室诊断方法检测效能低,延误诊治。本研究结果显示,抗酸染色及结核菌培养诊断脊柱结核的敏感的仅为34.88%和48.84%,且与临床综合诊断的一致性均不理想。
Xpert技术是一种基于实时聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)的技术,集样品处理、核酸扩增、目标序列实时检测整合于一体的自动化、全封闭半巢式荧光PCR检测系统,以结核分枝杆菌的利福平耐药基因rpoB为靶基因,仅需2 h即可获得结核分枝杆菌及利福平耐药的检测结果,较传统实验室技术,具有早期、快速诊断、有效避免交叉污染、受抗结核药物的影响小的优势[5]。本研究显示,Xpert技术的敏感度和特异度分别为81.40%和95.83%,与近三年国内外Xpert技术对骨关节结核或脊柱结核诊断的研究结果基本一致[6-8]。本研究还显示,Xpert技术与临床综合诊断结果一致性良好,相较于传统的抗酸染色及结核菌培养技术,对脊柱结核的诊断价值较高,且有效缩短了检测时间,有助于脊柱结核的早期诊断。此外,Xpert技术在检测结核分枝杆菌的同时还可有效的检测结核分枝杆菌对利福平的耐药性,能够及时指导临床抗结核药物治疗的方案制定、提高疗效、缩短疗程。
综上所述,通过超声、CT引导下经皮穿刺早期获取病灶标本,进一步行Xpert检测,实现了对脊柱结核的诊断微创化、分子化、精准化,使脊柱结核及其利福平耐药性能够早期、明确诊断,进一步指导临床合理的制定抗结核治疗方案,有利于脊柱结核患者预后,具有较好的临床应用价值。
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收稿日期:2020-03-16;修回日期:2020-03-27
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