舒适化护理在乳腺癌术后康复中的临床效果
2020-05-11刘中艳
刘中艳
【摘要】 目的:分析舒适化护理在乳腺癌术后康复中的临床效果。方法:选取笔者所在医院2016年1月-2019年6月收治的110例乳腺癌患者,均行乳腺癌根治术治疗。按照随机原则分为干预组(舒适化护理)和对照组(常规化护理),各55例。比较兩组术后焦虑状态及护理满意度情况。结果:干预组及对照组干预前HAMA评分分别为(14.87±5.02)、(14.71±5.98)分,差异无统计学意义(t=0.152,P>0.05);干预组及对照组干预后HAMA评分分别为(6.29±1.14)、(12.98±5.87)分,干预组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=8.297,P<0.05);干预组护理满意度为96.36%,高于对照组的83.64%,差异有统计学意义(字2=4.949,P<0.05)。结论:舒适化护理能够有效减轻乳腺癌术后患者的焦虑程度,提高护理满意度,有利于术后康复,值得临床推广应用。
【关键词】 舒适化护理 乳腺癌 术后康复 焦虑状态
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.02.040 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805(2020)02-00-03
[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of comfortable nursing in post-operative rehabilitation of breast cancer. Method: A total of 110 patients with breast cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to June 2019 were selected, all of whom received radical mastectomy for breast cancer. According to the random principle, patients were divided into the intervention group (comfortable nursing) and the control group (routine nursing), 55 cases in each group. Post-operative anxiety and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Result: HAMA scores before intervention in the intervention group and the control group was (14.87±5.02) and (14.71±5.98) points respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (t=0.152, P>0.05). After intervention, HAMA scores in the intervention group and the control group was (6.29±1.14) and (12.98±5.87) points respectively, and the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=8.297, P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the intervention group was 96.36%, which was higher than 83.64% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (字2=4.949, P<0.05). Conclusion: Comfortable nursing can effectively reduce the anxiety degree of post-operative patients with breast cancer and improve nursing satisfaction, which is conducive to post-operative recovery and worthy of clinical application.
[Key words] Comfortable nursing Breast cancer Post-operative rehabilitation Anxiety state
First-authors address: Military Hospital of the 73rd Group of the PLA Army, Xiamen 361003, China
乳腺癌为临床常见恶性肿瘤之一,发病率较高,多见于绝经前后的女性患者。手术是目前根治乳腺癌的有效方法,但不可避免会影响胸部美观,且术后需要规律进行放化疗,多数患者在生理及心理方面难以接受[1]。多数患者术后会表现出程度不等的焦虑状态[2-3]。因此,在乳腺癌根治术后进行舒适化心理干预十分必要。本研究选取笔者所在医院2016年1月-2019年6月收治的行乳腺癌根治术患者110例,分别进行常规护理及舒适化护理,分析两种护理方式的效果,报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
選取笔者所在医院2016年1月-2019年6月收治的110例乳腺癌患者,均行乳腺癌根治术治疗。排除标准:重要脏器病变。按照随机原则分为干预组和对照组,各55例。对照组年龄44~65岁,平均(51.2±4.9)岁;双侧切除2例,单侧切除53例。干预组年龄42~62岁,平均(49.1±4.8)岁;双侧切除1例,单侧切除54例。两组一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),有可比性。
1.2 方法
对照组采取常规护理,保持治疗室采光充足、空气流通、环境清洁、温度及湿度舒适;负责护士密切观察患者病情,配合医生进行相关医疗操作;对患者及家属进行健康宣教,消除患者紧张心理。干预组在对照组基础上采取舒适化护理,措施如下:(1)环境舒适。创造安静、支持性的治疗环境,根据患者需求调节治疗室温度,保持治疗室光线柔和,减少噪音源,周边适当放置绿色植物。(2)心理疏导。宣讲乳腺癌知识,告知患者乳腺癌可治可防,消除恐惧感。告知患者术后可能出现的并发症及定期复查可早期预警乳腺癌术后复发,借用成功的病例来提升患者的治疗信心,消除焦虑、抑郁等心理问题。乳腺癌及术后复发可严重影响患者的情绪,使心理及身体承受较大痛苦,负责护士需对患者进行积极疏导,使患者感受到亲和性并充满信任感,构建和谐的医患关系。(3)躯体化护理。术后疼痛及乳腺缺失是导致乳腺癌患者术后不适的主要表现,护理人员应予对症护理,协助医生积极处理异常情况,减轻患者身体不适[4-5]。
1.3 观察指标及评价标准
(1)采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)评估患者干预前后焦虑程度。HAMA包括14个焦虑指标,由躯体性和精神性2大类因子构成,所有指标采用0~4分的5级评分法,总分0~54分。HAMA总分≤7分,没有焦虑;7分 1.4 统计学处理 采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件进行分析,计量资料以(x±s)表示,采用t检验,计数资料以率(%)表示,采用字2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 2 结果 2.1 两组干预前后HAMA评分比较 干预前,前两组HAMA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,干预组HAMA评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。 2.2 两组护理满意度比较 干预组护理满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。 3 讨论 乳腺癌根治术是治疗乳腺癌的常见方式,可彻底切除肿瘤病灶,降低癌细胞转移等风险,提高患者生存率[8]。但根治性切除手术会影响胸部外观,且因手术及疾病本身可增加患者心理负担,影响治疗效果[9]。因此,对乳腺癌患者术后进行舒适化护理干预至关重要。舒适化护理体现“以患者为中心”的新时代优质护理理念,是一种具有创造力、个性化、系统化的护理模式,能够让患者在社会、生理心理及精神世界中达到愉悦状态[10]。本研究中采取舒适化护理后,干预组HAMA评分明显较干预前降低,而采取常规护理的乳腺癌术后患者HAMA评分无显著改善,充分证实舒适化护理的重要性。结果显示,干预组护理满意度显著高于对照组,说明舒适化护理不仅可缓解患者焦虑状态,而且可提高患者治疗后的满意度。医院通过开展舒适化护理模式,也使医疗质量进一步得到提高。 给予乳腺癌根治术后患者舒适化护理,能够帮助患者改善负面心理,提高治疗信心,让患者及家属了解病情及手术注意事项,提高术后治疗效果及患者生活质量[11-13]。在舒适化护理过程中,护士能够与患者及家属进行及时、有效的沟通,为患者构建温馨与舒适的诊疗环境,使患者心理和生理均得到放松,从而提高患者对护士诊疗工作的依从性,同时也提高了对护理工作的满意度,对护理工作也起到了积极的正反馈作用[14-15]。 综上所述,对乳腺癌根治术后患者开展舒适化护理,可明显改善患者焦虑状态,通过加强护患沟通,帮助患者了解疾病,使患者在社会适应及生理方面达到愉悦状态,从而提高护理满意度。 参考文献 [1] Tucholka J L,Jacobson N,Steffens N M,et al.Breast cancer survivors perspectives on the role different providers play in follow-up care[J].Support Care Cancer,2018,26(6):2015-2022. [2] Tamaki K,Fukuyama A K,Terukina S,et al.Randomized trial of aromatherapy versus conventional care for breast cancer patients during perioperative periods[J].Breast Cancer Research and Treatment,2017,162(3):523-531. [3] Suzuki E,Mackenzie L,Sanson-Fisher R,et al.Acceptability of a touch screen tablet psychosocial survey administered to radiation therapy patients in Japan[J].International Journal of Behavioral Medicine,2016,23(4):485-491. [4] Rosenberg C A,Flanagan C,Brockstein B,et al.Promotion of self-management for post treatment cancer survivors:evaluation of a risk-adapted visit[J].Journal of Cancer Survivorship,2016,10(1):206-219. [5] Agarwal R R,Wallace A M,Madison S J,et al.Single-injection thoracic paravertebral block and postoperative analgesia after mastectomy:a retrospective cohort study[J].Journal of Clinical Anesthesia,2015,27(5):371-374. [6] Lang J W B,Lievens F,De Fruyt F,et al.Assessing meaningful within-person variability in Likert-scale rated personality descriptions:an IRT tree approach[J].Psychological assessment,2019,31(4):474-487. [7] Farchakh Y,Hallit S,Soufia M.Association between orthorexia nervosa,eating attitudes and anxiety among medical students in Lebanese universities:results of a cross-sectional study[J].Eating and Weight Disorders,2019,24(4):683-691. [8] Sharma B,Bhandari S S,Dutta S,et al.Study of sociodemographic correlates,anxiety,and depression among opioid dependents admitted in treatment centres in Sikkim,India[J].Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences,2019,10(2):139-145. [9] Wang L,Yan J.Superficial synthesis of photoactive copper sulfide quantum dots loaded nano-graphene oxide sheets combined with near infrared(NIR) laser for enhanced photothermal therapy on breast cancer in nursing care management[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology,2019,192:68-73. [10] Tang V,Zhao S,Boscardin J,et al.Functional status and survival after breast cancer surgery in nursing home residents[J].Journal of the American College of Surgeons,2018,153(12):1090-1096. [11]李選治,陈丽芬,颜雅红,等.临床护理路径对乳腺癌首次化疗患者提高生活质量的影响[J].中外医学研究,2019,17(22):102-104. [12] Morris M,Cooper R L,Ramesh A,et al.Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical,nursing,and dental students and providers:a systematic review[J].BMC Medical Education,2019,19(1):325. [13] Czwikla J,Schulz M,Heinze F,et al.Needs-based provision of medical care to nursing home residents:protocol for a mixed-methods study[J].BMJ Open,2019,9(8):e025614. [14] Gerveieeha Z,Siassi F,Qorbani M,et al.The effect of different amounts of vitamin D supplementation on serum calcidiol,anthropometric status,and body composition in overweight or obese nursing women:a study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial[J].Trials,2019,20(1):542. [15] Tan S,Pan L,Zhao H,et al.Perioperative nursing for immediate breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator flap after breast cancer resection[J].Journal of thoracic disease,2018,10(7):4017-4022. (收稿日期:2019-09-03) (本文编辑:李盈)