多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合谷胱甘肽治疗妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者的效果及对围产结局的影响
2020-04-09方芳潘丹蔡军波
方芳 潘丹 蔡军波
[摘要] 目的 探讨多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合谷胱甘肽治疗妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)患者的效果及对围产结局的影响。方法 选取2015年1月~2018年12月ICP患者124例,随机分为两组。两组均予以卧床休息、间断吸氧、高渗葡萄糖、维生素C及能量合剂等治疗。对照组在此基础上予以多烯磷脂酰胆碱针15 mL静脉滴注,1次/d;观察组在对照组基础上再加谷胱甘肽针2.4 g静脉滴注,1次/d。两组均连用2周。观察两组治疗后临床症状及血清生化指标改善情况,并比较其围产结局。 结果 治疗2周后,两组瘙痒评分均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),且观察组下降幅度较对照组更明显(P<0.05);观察组黄疸和瘙痒消失时间明显少于或短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗2周后,两组血清ALT、TBA和AST水平均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),且观察组下降幅度较对照组更明显(P<0.05)。同时观察组宫内窘迫、早产和新生儿窒息发生率明显低于对照组,分娩出血量明显少于对照组,新生儿体重明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合谷胱甘肽治疗ICP患者不仅能明显改善其临床症状,降低肝酶指标与胆汁酸水平,而且能降低发生不良围产结局,有利于母婴安全。
[关键词] 妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症;多烯磷脂酰胆碱;谷胱甘肽;围产结局
[中图分类号] R714.255 [文献标识码] A [文章編号] 1673-9701(2020)02-0016-04
Effect of polyene phosphatidylcholine combined with glutathione on patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and its influence on perinatal outcome
FANG Fang1 PAN Dan1 CAI Junbo2
1.Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Taizhou 318000, China; 2.Department of Oncological Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Taizhou 318000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of polyene phosphatidylcholine combined with glutathione on patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and the influence of perinatal outcome. Methods A total of 124 patients with ICP from January 2015 to December 2018 were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups were treated with bed rest, intermittent oxygen, hypertonic glucose, vitamin C and energy mixture. On the basis of this, the control group was given an intravenous infusion of 15 ml of polyene phosphatidylcholine needle once a day. The observation group was treated with an intravenous infusion of 2.4 g of glutathione needle once a day based on the treatment of the control group. Both groups were used for 2 weeks. The improvement of clinical symptoms and serum biochemical parameters of two groups after treatment was observed, and the perinatal outcomes were compared. Results After 2 weeks of treatment, the pruritus scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the decrease of the observation group was more significant than that of the control group (P<0.05). The disappearance time of jaundice and itching in the observation group was significantly less than or shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the serum levels of ALT, TBA and AST in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the decrease in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of distress, premature delivery and neonatal asphyxia in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The amount of bleeding after delivery in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the weight of the newborn in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Polyene phosphatidylcholine combined with glutathione in the treatment of ICP patients can not only significantly improve their clinical symptoms, reduce liver enzymes and bile acid levels, but also reduce the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes, which is conducive to maternal and child safety.
[Key words] Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy of polyene phosphatidylcholine; Glutathione; Perinatal outcome
妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)是妊娠中晚期较少见的一种并发症,主要表现为皮肤瘙痒和黄疸,极易发生胎儿宫内窘迫、死胎、早产等,引起不良围产结局[1-2]。ICP的病因及发病机制迄今无明确定论,临床上尚无特效药物[3-4]。多烯磷脂酰胆碱与谷胱甘肽均是治疗ICP的常用药物,但两者联用治疗ICP的效果及对围产结局的影响国内外报道较少[5-6]。本研究分析多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合谷胱甘肽治疗ICP患者的效果及围产结局的影响,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2015年1月~2018年12月我院妇产科住院治疗ICP患者124例。纳入标准[7]:①符合中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组制定的《ICP诊疗指南》中的标准[8];②妊娠中晚期,均为单胎。排除标准[9]:①合并其他妊娠并发症及全身性疾病者;②以往存在肝胆系统疾病。采用随机数字表分为两组各62例。两组年龄、孕周和病程等比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见表1。
表1 两组一般资料的比较(x±s)
1.2 方法
两组均予以卧床休息、间断吸氧、高渗葡萄糖、维生素C及能量合剂等治疗。对照组在此基础上予以多烯磷脂酰胆碱针(北京安万特制药有限公司,规格5 mL/232.5 mg,国药准字J20040114)15 mL+5%葡萄糖静脉滴注,1次/d。观察组在对照组基础上再加谷胱甘肽针(重庆药友制药有限责任公司,规格:0.6 g/支,国药准字H20051600)2.4 g+5%葡萄糖静脉滴注,1次/d。两组均连用2周。观察两组治疗后临床症状及血清生化指标改善情况,并比较其围产结局。
1.3 观察指标
1.3.1 临床症状改善情况 包括瘙痒评分变化、黄疸和瘙痒消失时间。瘙痒评分采用5级评分法[10],分值区间为0~4分,分别为无瘙痒、偶尔瘙痒、轻度不频繁瘙痒、时断时续瘙痒及持续无缓解瘙痒。
1.3.2 血清生化指标 包括谷丙转氨酶(Alanine transaminase,ALT)、胆汁酸(Total bile acid,TBA)和谷草转氨酶(Aspartic transaminase,AST)。采用日立7600型全自动生化分析仪进行检测。
1.3.3 围产结局 包括宫内窘迫、早产、新生儿窒息、分娩出血量和新生儿体重等。
1.4 统计学方法
采用SPSS21.0统计学软件进行分析,计量资料以(x±s)表示,采用t检验,计数资料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组治疗前后瘙痒评分变化、黄疸和瘙痒消失时间比较
治疗前两组瘙痒评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗2周后,两组瘙痒评分均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),且观察组下降幅度较对照组更明显(P<0.05)。观察组黄疸和瘙痒消失时间明显少于或短于对照组(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.2 两组治疗前后血清ALT、TBA和AST水平比较
治疗前两组血清ALT、TBA和AST水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗2周后,两组血清ALT、TBA和AST水平均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),且观察组下降幅度较对照组更明显(P<0.05)。见表3。
2.3 两组治疗后围产结局比较
观察组宫内窘迫、早产和新生儿窒息发生率明显低于对照组,分娩出血量明显少于对照组,新生儿体重明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。见表4。
3 讨论
ICP是妊娠中晚期特有的非常严重的并发症,主要临床表现为皮肤瘙痒和黄疸,伴有血胆汁酸升高和肝酶异常,一般在分娩后逐渐消失[11-12]。ICP的发病机制国内外尚未完全阐明,可能与雌性激素过高、肝酶代谢发生异常、免疫异常、遗传、环境污染等因素密切相关[13-15]。ICP患者本身的预后较好,一般情况下分娩后多种临床症状会自行消退,但其对胎儿具有较严重的不良影响。ICP 孕妇由于胆酸代谢发生异常,胆盐造成小胆管梗阻或胆汁酸发生逆流使胆汁流出受阻形成淤积,使得胆汁酸浓度急剧上升,引起胎盘的正常功能受损,主要危害是引起胎盘绒毛膜静脉血管收缩,引起血管痉挛,降低胎儿组织器官的血流灌注,红细胞携氧量显著下降,引起胎儿宫内缺氧造成羊水污染、胎儿窘迫甚至早产等严重并发症,增加了不良围产结局发生率,不利于母婴安全,增加围生儿发病率与死亡率,预后较差[16-19]。因此,对ICP患者予积极有效的药物治疗,对降低不良围产结局具有十分重要的意义。
多烯磷脂酰胆碱是从大豆中的磷脂提炼获取的,通过二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱替换内源性磷脂修复受损肝细胞膜及细胞器膜,改善胆汁淤积情况,加快受损肝功能逐渐恢复正常,继而增强肝细胞膜的流动性,有效调节膜结合酶系统的活性,抑制脂质过氧化,降低氧自由基水平;提升谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶等酶的活性,加快肝脏的排毒能力;同时可将中性脂肪及胆固醇在体内转换成易代谢分解的方式,改善胆汁淤积情况,加快胆汁的分泌,降低胆汁酸的浓度,减轻胆汁酸及代谢产物对肝脏细胞的影响,减輕肝脏压力改善肝功能,恢复肝细胞的能量代谢平衡[20-21]。谷胱甘肽是一种代表性的三肽类型化合物,可参与人体内糖代谢和三羧酸的循环过程,使人体获得更多能量起辅酶作用;还可能激活机体中巯基酶,促进蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪的代谢,调节肝细胞膜和细胞器膜的能量代谢;并可结合有毒物质将其转变成无毒或毒性减少物质;还可通过转丙氨基或转甲基作用实现其对肝脏解毒、灭活激素等作用;保护并修复肝细胞,加快胆酸代谢[6]。多烯磷脂酰胆碱与谷胱甘肽的作用机制不同,两药联用具有治疗ICP的良好协同增效作用,从而提高治疗效果,且不增加药物的不良反应。本研究显示治疗2周后,观察组瘙痒评分下降幅度明显高于对照组,黄疸和瘙痒消失时间明显少于或短于对照组,且观察组血清ALT、TBA和AST水平下降幅度较对照组更明显。提示多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合谷胱甘肽治疗ICP患者能明显改善其临床症状,降低肝酶指标与胆汁酸水平。同时研究还发现,观察组的宫内窘迫、早产和新生儿窒息发生率明显低于对照组,分娩出血量明显少于对照组,新生儿体重明显大于对照组。提示多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合谷胱甘肽治疗ICP患者能降低不良围产结局的发生,有利于母婴安全。
总之,多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合谷胱甘肽治疗ICP患者不仅能明显改善其临床症状,降低肝酶指标与胆汁酸水平,而且能降低不良围产结局的发生,有利于母婴安全。但纳入本次研究的病例数相对较少,必要时增加病例数进行深入研究。
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(收稿日期:2019-01-22)