英文摘要

（2020-01）

（1）

Setting and Application of Budget Performance Standards:International Experience and Chinese Reality

MaCaichenZhaoQing
（SchoolofEconomics，NanKaiUniversity，Tianjin 300071）

Abstract：Performance standards，as a ruler，is a reference for performance indicators，reflects the direction of performance.It's an important proposition for comprehensive implementation of budget performance management.As an intermediate indicator，the application of performance baselines in the budget management process is more decentralized，and its setting and application have higher professional requirements for specific projects or fields.Therefore，questions such as how to set performance standards and how to ensure the effective application of performance standards have not been answered systematically yet.Based on international experience,this article discusses the basic factors of setting performance standards，and analyzes three specific application forms of performance standards in practice for reference by researchers and practitioners.

Key words：Government budget；Budget performance；Performance Management；Performance standards

（2）

Can the“Fanjinbikao”System Improve the Professional Autonomy of Grassroots Civil Servants？——Based on RD Analysis of A Quasi-natural Experiment

DuanZhezhe1 ZhouYicheng2
（1.InstituteofUrban，ShenzhenUniversity，Shenzhen Guangdong518128；2.SchoolofPolitics&PublicAdministration，SoochowUniversity，Suzhou Jiangsu215123）

Abstract：The “fanjinbikao”system is an important content of the system of the meritocracy in China，which is conducive to the professional construction of China's cadre team.However，the existing research has not explained the relationship between the examination employment system and professional autonomy.This study proposes a theoretical explanation:the“fanjinbikao”system triggers the mechanism of separating the interests of grassroots civil servants and insiders；the “fanjinbikao”system that focuses on professional competence triggers professional role expectation mechanisms，both of which are conducive to the improvement of professional autonomy.This research collects data on grass-roots civil servants in 10 cities in eastern and central China，using breakpoint regression and mediation effects methods.The empirical results show that the “zanxingtiaoli”triggered the benefit separation mechanism after local implementation in 1996；the professional capabilities of grassroots civil servants have affected the changes in the civil service system and the professional autonomy relationship acts as an intermediary；the implementation of the “xuanbatiaoli”in 2014 began to limit the scope of“public selection”to negative effects on professional autonomy.How to balance the flexible employment and professional autonomy is a problem to be solved in the future.

Key words：“Fanjinbikao”；Benefit separation mechanism；Professional role expectation mechanism；Professional autonomy；Regression discontinuity

（3）

Can Resource Advantage Lead to Higher E-government Service Capability？——A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of 31 Provincial Governments

DingYixia XuNini GuoJunhua
（SchoolofInternationalandPublicAffairs，ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity，Shanghai200030）

Abstract：Service capacity，as an important form of government capacity，is the combined result of multiple resource condi-tions.In response to the question whether resource advantages mean higher service capability，this article used clear qualitative comparative analysis （csQCA）to examine the multiple concurrent causality between government resources，including leadership resource，user resource，financial resource，economic resource，government data resources，and internet basic resource，and e-government service capability by taking 31 provincial governments in China as a example.The results show that the provincial e-government service capacity is affected by multiple resource factors and their overlapping effects，and government data resource is the most important factor.Compared with the resource possession advantages，the combination and configuration of different resources is more important for the improvement of e-government service capabilities.Technology-driven，leadership-driven，fiscal-technical-driven and comprehensive-driven are the four path models for the current provincial e-government service capability development.The research results have implications for how local governments coordinate the allocation of different resources and explore suitable development paths.

Key words：E-government service；Provincial government；Resource-based theory； Qualitative comparative analysis

（4）

Is Mandatory Classification of Domestic Waste Feasible?——Case Study from the Perspective of Policy Tools

TianHuawen
（SchoolofHumanitiesandLaw，ShandongUniversityofScienceandTechnology，QingdaoShandong266590）

Abstract：Mandatory classification of domestic waste has been formally implemented in Shanghai， but whether it is feasible and what conditions restrict its feasibility still need to be discussed theoretically.From the perspective of the theory of policy tools，research approaches of policy network，based on the existing academic views at home and abroad，combining the specific topic of “garbage classification”，the theoretical analysis framework of this paper can be summarized as:the applicability of mandatory tools in waste classification is determined by local government and policy network，among which local government variables are composed of two parts:local government capacity and policy marketing;policy network includes five specific variables:network scale，network openness，power relationship，cohesion and connectivity.Through two case studies of Dongyang Township waste classification and Taipei city waste classification，it can be found that:the capacity of local government is the prerequisite of “compulsion”；when the capacity of local government is strong and the policy network is appropriate，the waste “compulsion” can be applied；when the capacity of local government is strong but the policy network is not appropriate，the resistance of policy network can be reduced through good policy marketing.And then make the “mandatory classification” feasible.In addition to the topics discussed in this paper，social governance and garbage forced classification，specific operation modes of mandatory classification in different regions，and how to reshape policy network through policy marketing are all worthy of further study.

Key words：Classification of domestic waste；Force；Policy tools；Policy network

（5）

What Kind of“Nao-Da”Succeeded?
——A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on 40 Cases

HanZhiming LiChunsheng
（ChinaInstitutionforUrbanGovernance，SchoolofInternationalandPublicAffairs，ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity，Shanghai200030）

Abstract：The endless “Nao-Da” in society is a “mirror” of the state of public governance，and it is also an important way to construct a policy agenda during the transition period.In this paper，a crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis（csQCA） is used to make a comparative study of the 40 “Nao-Da”cases that occurred in 2003-2019.The results of the study indicate that higher-level（level）government support is a necessary condition for the success of a “Nao-Da”.There are eight sufficient combinations of conditions to promote the success of the “Nao-Da”，which can be summarized into four explanation models:the use of the institutional framework，the mode of collective pressure，the mode of expert guidance，and the mode of violence.The success of citizens'“Nao-Da” is the result of a combination of multiple conditions.Under the premise that core conditions play a fundamental role，appropriate auxiliary conditions are more likely to trigger the policy agenda and promote problem solving.The article provides a new causal explanation mechanism for citizens'“Nao-Da” action logic，and also provides a new theoretical tool for understanding the various “Nao-Da” phenomena.

Key words：Citizens'“Nao-Da”；Policy agenda；Causal mechanism；Qualitative comparative analysis

（6）

On Social Conflicts under the View of The Philosophical Thought of Contextualism
——A Review and Introspection of the Native Theories.

Du Shaochen
（NorwestNormalUniversity,Lanzhou 730070）

Abstract：Social conflicts are a universally existing phenomenon，dispite any social institution and developing stages.Social conflicts of China lie in the deep inner of China's unique culture background and social relationship structure.The available theories on social conflicts which oriented from the west couldn't help understanding，interpreting and resolving the native problems on social conflicts.The theory of departmentalism，orientationism，equilibrium and tactics are the four chief foundemental jugement on China natives'characteristic of social behavior and cultural psychology.Self-centered social structure，authority-oriented cultural psychology，pursuit of balance，which always mean a egomaniac and conservatism and a habit on rational choice which highlights the tactic，but disparaging moral principles，are four main culture cruxes which might lead to social conflicts.These cruxes are huge obstacles for tremendous transformation of China from a traditional civilization to the modern civilization.

Key words：Social conflict；Contextualism；Pattern of difference sequence；Civilization transformation；The localization of sociology.

（7）

Explaining the Different Outcomes of Social Governance Innovation：——An Empirical Study on Multi-Project Practice Process

WangLuozhongSunXiaokunCuiLuxin
（SchoolofGovernment，BeijingNormalUniversity，Beijing10087）

Abstract：From the perspective of “subject-object”analysis，this paper constructs a research model of the factors affecting outcomes of social governance innovation in three dimensions:local government，social forces，and innovation projects.By using the method of multi-value qualitative comparative analysis，30 cases of social governance innovation are analyzed to explore the factors and path models that affect the different outcomes of social governance innovation.As analysis result shows，the formation of the different outcomes of social governance innovation is an overlapping effect of multiple factors;the project influence is the basic condition for the different outcomes of social governance innovation;the impact of citizen participation on the different outcomes of social governance innovation is not significant;the main path models that affect the different outcomes of social governance innovation are stable existence type，persistent dynamics type，stage-oriented goals type and poor governance type.

Key words：Social governance innovation；Different outcomes；Influencing factors；Path models；Multi-value qualitative comparative analysis

（8）

The Logical Starting Point and Practical Orientation of the National Ecological Governance Modernization from the Perspective of Marxist Ecological Culture

MaLi
（NorthwestMinorityResearchCenterandCollegeofHistoryandCulture，LanzhouUniversity，Lanzhou730000）

Abstract：The national ecological governance modernization is a major issue embedded in the process of national governance modernization.The article takes the Marxist ecological culture view as the theoretical logic starting point，and explores the practical path of the national ecological governance modernization.The “Chinese Practice”provided by Xi Jinping's ecological governance concept aiming at the modernization of the ecological governance system and governance capabilities has provided ideological guidance for the national ecological governance modernization from the building of the ecological governance system，the construction of the ecological governance pattern involving multiple actors，and the promotion of the equal and balanced global ecological governance system etc.This is a realistic orientation and fundamental way to stimulate the effectiveness of national ecological governance.Therefore，it will also be a theoretical innovation and practical innovation in the sense of ecological transformation of human civilization.

Key words：Nature；Culture；Marxism；Ecological governance modernization

（9）

Attribution of Citizen’s Knowledge-action Transformation’s Dilemma and the Path of Overcoming

Guan Jing

（SchoolofMarxism，Shandong Umivorsity，Jinan 250100）

Abstract：It is one of the obvious dilemmas in the construction and the education process of ecological civilization in our country at present that citizens'ecological consciousness cannot be effectively transformed into conscious and active ecological behaviors.Overcoming the dilemma of citizens'transformation of ecological knowledge and practice is an inevitable requirement for alleviating ecological crisis，promoting ecological civilization construction and shaping ecological citizens.Based on the dialectical relationship between ecological consciousness and ecological behaviors，and the essential requirement of unity of ecological knowledge and action in ethical value，the key of unity of ecological knowledge and action is the internalization of ecological consciousness and the formation of conscious ecological behavior.However，the actual level of social and economic development，the impact of utilitarian social values and the defects of citizen's ecological philosophy education are the root of the dilemma of citizens'transformation of ecological knowledge and practice.Promoting high-quality economic development，improving citizens'ecological philosophy education system，and giving full play to the social mobilization role of the mass media is a possible way to solve the dilemma.

Key words：Dilemma of citizens'ecological consciousness-behaviors transformation；Ecological ethical concept；The unity of knowledge and action；The consciousness of ecological moral responsibility.

（10）

The Governance of China:Regional Policy Interaction Driven by the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan

GuoLeiWangYawen
（SchoolofEconomicsandManagement，TongjiUniversity，Shanghai200092）

Abstract：This paper explores how the China's central government tackles the race to the bottom among the local governments.The central government sets up the multi-task promotion tournament，the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan，which drives the local governments to make policy-indicator decisions.And the diverse relationship between certain a policy and indicator averts a nationwide race to the bottom.Using a symmetric interaction model and an asymmetric interaction model，this paper investigates the provincial interaction regarding to the basic pension policy for corporate employees.The results show that the provincial interaction，which does not follow the race-to-the-bottom way，is significant and decreases after the CPC's 18th National Congress in 2012.These findings state that the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan is an effective approach to govern the local governments'race to the bottom and a China's solution to coordinate the central-local relationship for the whole world.

Key words：Multi-task promotion tournament；Race to the bottom；basic old-age insurance；The central-local relantionship

（11）

Transaction Cost and the Choice of Taxi Government Regulation Mode——A Case Study of Q City

Zheng Hualiang1 LaiShipan2
（1.SchoolofPolticsandPolicManagement，SunYat-senUniversity，Guangzhou 510275；2.SchoolofPolticsandPolic Management，HuagiaoUniversity，QuanzhouFoujim，362000）

Abstract：As the representative of sharing economy in the field of taxi，online taxi-hailing brings great convenience to people and challenges to the traditional government regulation mode.This paper takes the taxi government regulation of Q city as an example to analyze the differences and internal mechanism of different models of taxi government regulation.Based on the differences of standard setting，control mechanism and law enforcement methods in taxi regulation，this paper generalizes Q City patrol taxi regulation and online taxi-hailing regulation into bureauerafic regulation and co-regulation respectively.Through the analysis of transaction costs of different actors in the regulatory space，it is found that there are high market-oriented and management-oriented transaction costs in the traditional patrol car regulation of Q City，so the bureaucratic regulation mode is adopted;in the face of the new business type of online taxi-hailing regulation，the government's advocacy of sharing economy reduces the political transaction costs，and the full application of information technology reduces the market-oriented and management-oriented transaction costs，therefore we choose the co-regulation mode.However，the high management transaction cost between the government and the platform company is the focus of the taxi government regulation practice.

Key words：Government regulation；Regulation elements；Bureaucratic regulation；Co-regulation；Transaction cost；Taxi