《万物理论》:关于霍金的二三事
2020-02-28
《万物理论》是根据斯蒂芬·霍金第一任妻子简·王尔德的回忆录改编而成的传记电影,讲述了“宇宙之王”霍金的二三事。21岁,踌躇满志、意气风发的霍金来到了人生中最大的转折点。那一年,他遇见了美丽动人的简;那一年,他患上了肌萎缩侧索硬化症。此后,简不离不弃地照料了他二十年;此后,他的身体被禁锢在轮椅上,思想却遨游到广袤的宇宙。
这部电影最出彩的要数“小雀斑”埃迪·雷德梅恩的表演了,凭借在这部电影中神一般的演技,小雀斑夺得了今年金球奖影帝。“小雀斑”诠释的霍金,无论是外形还是眼神都无比真实,神还原不过如此。而影片中最动人的一幕莫过于简俯下身,摸着霍金的脸,哽咽地说:“I have loved you. I did my best.”,四目相对,泪如雨下。再美好的爱情,也抵不过现实的残酷。然而放弃了自己的一切,守护了霍金二十年的简确实也无愧一句“I did my best.”。
1
1963年,21歲的斯蒂芬·霍金就读剑桥大学研究学院,意气风发。在一个新年派对上,他邂逅了正准备入读伦敦大学的简·王尔德,俩人一见钟情。
Stephen: Hello.
Jane: Hello.
Stephen: Science?
Jane: Arts.
Stephen: English?
Jane: French and Spanish. What about you? What, what are you?
Stephen: Oh, cosmologist[宇宙学家], Im a cosmologist.
Jane: Whats that?
Stephen: Oh, Its a kind of religion for intelligent[聪明的] atheists[无神论者].
Jane: Intelligent atheists?
Stephen: Youre not religious, are you?
Jane: C. of E. Church of England.
Stephen: England, yes. I suppose someone has to be.
Jane: What do cosmologists worship[崇拜] then?
Stephen: What do we worship? One single unifying[统一的] equation[方程式] that explains everything in the universe.
Jane: Really?
Stephen: Yes.
Jane: Whats the equation?
Stephen: That is the question. And a very good question. Im not quite sure yet. But I intend to[打算做] find out.
Jane: Then why didnt you stay at Oxford?
Stephen: Because my finals exams are such in shambles[屠宰场] that the examiners they summoned[传唤] me in for a “Viva[口头测验]”, and they told me that if I got a second…
Jane: Whats a “Viva”?
Stephen: Oh, its, a sort of, mildly terrifying face-to-face thingy.
Jane: Like an interview?
Stephen: An interrogation[审问]. And I told them that if they gave me a second class degree, then Id stay with them and do my research at Oxford, but if they gave me the first, that I needed to get into Cambridge, then they would never have to see me again.
Jane: They gave you the first.
Stephen: They gave me a first.
Jane: Of course.
斯蒂芬:你好。
简:你好。
斯蒂芬:理科生?
简:文科。
斯蒂芬:英语专业?
简:法语和西班牙语专业。你呢?你是……
斯蒂芬:噢,宇宙学家,我是宇宙学家。
简:那是什么?
斯蒂芬:噢,这是一种有智慧的无神论者的宗教。
简:有智慧的无神论者?
斯蒂芬:你不信教,是吧?
简:英国国教,也就是英国圣公会。
斯蒂芬:英国,是的。我想人们必须要有信仰。
简:那么宇宙学家信仰什么?
斯蒂芬:我们信仰什么?一个单一的统一方程式解释宇宙的一切。
简:真的吗?
斯蒂芬:是的。
简:那个方程式是什么?
斯蒂芬:就是这个问题,非常好的一个问题。我还不太确定,但我打算找出来。
简:那么为什么你没留在牛津?
斯蒂芬:因为我的期末考试弄得一团糟,以至于考官们把我传唤进去进行“口头测试”。他们告诉我,如果我获得二等……
简:“口头测试”是什么?
斯蒂芬:那是一种轻度可怕的面对面的东西。
简:就像面试?
斯蒂芬:像审讯。我告诉他们,如果他们给我二等学位,我就会留下来,在牛津做研究。但如果他们给我一等学位,我就需要进入剑桥,然后他们就永远不必见到我了。
简:他们给了你一等学位。
斯蒂芬:他们给了我一等学位。
简:当然。
2
霍金与简陷入热恋。与此同时,霍金在物理学上也展现了惊人的天赋,导师带他去伦敦参加了数学家罗斯·潘洛斯的讲座,霍金大受启发。
Stephen: If Einstein is right, or if general relativity[广义相对论] is correct, then…
Jane: Yes.
Stephen: …the universe is expanding[扩大], yes?
Jane: Yes.
Stephen: Okay, so…If you reverse[颠倒] time, then the universe is getting smaller.
Jane: All right.
Stephen: So, what if I reverse the process[过程] all the way back to see what happened at the beginning of Time itself?
Jane: The beginning of Time itself?
Stephen: Yes. So, the universe, getting smaller and smaller, getting denser[密集的] and denser, hotter and hotter as…
Jane: As you wind back[倒回] the clock. (holds Stephenshands and turns around)
Stephen: Exactly. Wind back the clock.
Jane: Wind back the clock.
Stephen: Is that what youre doing? Are you winding back the clock?
Jane: That is what Im doing.
Stephen: Well, keep winding! I mean, youve got quite a long way to go! Keep winding.
Jane: I dont want to fall down.
Stephen: Well, youve got to go back to the beginning of time. Youve got a long way to go, so, keep winding, keep winding! Until you get…
Professor Sciama: A singularity.
Stephen: A space-time singularity, so the universe born from a black hole exploding.
Professor Sciama: Keep going.
Stephen: What do you mean, “Keep going”, what…before the universe began?
Professor Sciama: No, no, no, no! Keep going, develop the mathematics[數学运算]!
斯蒂芬:如果爱因斯坦是正确的,或者如果广义相对论是正确的,那么……
简:是的。
斯蒂芬:……宇宙正在膨胀,对吧?
简:是的。
斯蒂芬:好,如果你逆转时间,那么宇宙就会变得越来越小。
简:没错。
斯蒂芬:那么,如果我将这一过程完全逆转回来,看看在“时间”一开始发生了什么,会怎样?
简:在“时间”一开始?
斯蒂芬:是的,那么宇宙就会变得越来越小,变得越来越热,密度变得越来越大,正如……
简:让时光倒转?(拉着斯蒂芬的手转圈圈)
斯蒂芬:没错。让时光倒转。
简:让时光倒转。
斯蒂芬:这就是你在做的吗?让时光倒转?
简:这就是我正在做的。
斯蒂芬:那么,继续倒转!你还有很长的路要走呢。继续倒转!
简:我不想跌倒。
斯蒂芬:你必须到达时间的开端。你还有很长的路要走,所以继续倒转,继续倒转,直到你找到……
夏默教授:一个奇点?
斯蒂芬:一个时空奇点,所以宇宙诞生自黑洞大爆炸。
夏默教授:繼续。
斯蒂芬:“继续”是什么意思?什么……在宇宙开始之前?
夏默教授:不,不,不,不!继续研究,做好数学运算。
3
正当霍金的研究取得重大突破时,却被确诊患上肌萎缩侧索硬化症,医生认定他只能活两年。霍金决定和简分手。
Jane: Something educational[教育的]?
Stephen: (watches the TV) Very. John is having an affair with Martha, but Martha is in love with Alan, and I think that Alan is probably homosexual[同性恋], by the look of his jumper[针织套衫], so, well, Im just trying to work out the mathematical probability[数学概率] of happiness.
Jane: Are you close?
Stephen: Its some integer[整数] of zero, but, no, Im not quite there yet.
Jane: Stephen.
Stephen: You just missed him. He was here earlier.
Jane: Dont do this.
Stephen: Go!
Jane: Are you going to talk about this or not?
Stephen: Please, will you just go?
Jane: Is that what you want?
Stephen: Yes, it is what I want, so, please, if you care about me at all, then, please, just go!
Jane: I cant.
Stephen: I have two years to live. I need to work.
Jane: I love you.
Stephen: Youve…youre a…youve leapt to…thats a false conclusion[结论]…
Jane: I want us to be together, for as long as weve got, and if thats not very long then, well, thats just how it is…itll have to do.
Stephen: You dont know whats coming. Itll affect[影响] everything.
Jane: (kisses Stephen) Your glasses are always dirty.(cleans Stephens glasses) There. Thats better, isnt it?
Stephen: Yes. Yes, it is.
简:很受教育吗?
斯蒂芬:(看电视)没错。约翰和玛莎发生关系,但玛莎爱着阿伦,而根据他针织套头衫的样式,我认为阿伦可能是个同性恋,所以,我只是试着算出幸福的数学概率。
简:快算出来了吗?
斯蒂芬:某个零整数,不过没有,还没到那一步。
简:斯蒂芬。
斯蒂芬:你刚错过了他,他刚刚还在这儿的。
简:别这样。
斯蒂芬:走吧!
简:你要不要谈谈这个问题?
斯蒂芬:能请你离开吗?
简:这就是你要的?
斯蒂芬:是的,这就是我要的,所以,拜托了,如果你还在乎我,那么就请你离开吧!
简:我做不到。
斯蒂芬:我只有两年活头,我需要工作。
简:我爱你。
斯蒂芬:你已经……你是一个……你跳进一个……这是个错误的结论……
简:我希望我们能一起白头到老,如果不是很长久,那么有多长算多长,必须这样。
斯蒂芬:你不知道接下来会发生什么?它会影响一切。
简:(亲吻斯蒂芬)你的眼镜总是那么脏。(擦干净眼镜)好了,这样好多了,不是吗?
斯蒂芬:是的。是的,没错。
4
简对霍金不离不弃,俩人婚后共育有二子一女。在简的精心照料下,霍金得以专注在宇宙研究上,于1974年发表了震惊世界的“霍金辐射”。
Stephen: …allowing us to predict that some particles[粒子] can in fact escape a black hole. So black holes are not, in fact, black at all, but glow[发热] with heat radiation[热辐射]. The steady[稳定的] emission[散发] of heat energy causes the black holes to loss mass, and eventually they disappear in a spectacular[壮观的] explosion[爆炸].
Brian: Its very, very simple, in a way that…in the way that a hot body loses heat…
Rees: Second law of thermodynamics.
Brian: Hes right, its thermodynamics[热力学]. In…in…If we can imagine that the black hole is, indeed, losing particles, then, over time it will diminish[减小] in size, it will evaporate[蒸发]. It will…
Stephen: Disappear. So, first a star vanishes[消失] into a black hole, but then the black hole itself must…
Brian: Gone! Nothing! From nothing to…nothing.
Rees: You owe me another beer.
Brian: I have to show you that our friend has proven that Time, indeed has a beginning. Not only that, how the universe was born, and…
Ellis: How it will end. Rees: Bang!
Brian: (crunches[壓碎] the chips) Crunch! Its, uh, beautiful! Its racy[生动活泼的]!
Physicist: Complete nonsense[胡说]. Its preposterous[荒谬的].(leaves)
Stephen: Was it something I said, Professor?
Professor Khalatnikov: Um…excuse me. My name is Professor Khalatnikov, from the Soviet Academy of Sciences. As you know, my field is evolution[演化] of the hot universe, the properties of the microwave background radiation, and the theory of the black holes. To be honest, I came here today, expecting to hear a lot of nonsense. I go home disappointed[失望的]. The little one here…has done it. He has done it!
(Physicists applause)
Stephen: It has been a pleasure to meet you, Professor.
Professor Khalatnikov: My pleasure, my pleasure.
Stephen: That went pretty well, Professor.
Professor Sciama: Its probably for awhile.
Rees: Hawking radiation!
Brian: The little one has done it! The little one has done it!
斯蒂芬:……我们猜想一些粒子其实可以逃离黑洞。所以黑洞,其实一点儿也不黑,而是凭借热辐射发光。热能的稳定散发,导致黑洞损失质量,并最终消失在壮观的大爆炸中。
布莱恩:这非常简单。以一种……以物体损失热量的方式。
里斯:热力学第二定律。
布莱恩:没错,热力学。如果我们可以想象黑洞正在损失粒子,而且体积会缩小,它会逐渐消散,它会……
斯蒂芬:消失!所以,首先,一颗恒星消失成黑洞,然后,黑洞本身也会消失。
布莱恩:消失了,什么也没有。从无到……无。
里斯:你欠我一杯啤酒。
布莱恩:我必须让你知道,我们的朋友已经证明了,“时间”确实有开端。不只这个,宇宙是如何诞生的,以及……
埃利斯:它会怎样消亡。
里斯:爆炸!
布莱恩:(压碎薯条)收缩!太漂亮了!太刺激了!
物理学家:完全是一派胡言。太荒谬了。(离开)
斯蒂芬:教授,我说错了什么吗?
卡拉尼科夫教授:呃……不好意思,我是卡拉尼科夫教授,来自苏维埃科学院。正如你们所知道的,我的领域是研究热宇宙的演化、微波背景辐射性能以及黑洞理论。说实话,我今天来到这里,以为会听到很多荒谬言论。我很失望地回去。这里这个小伙子……已经做到了!他已经做到了!
(物理学家鼓掌)
斯蒂芬:教授,很高兴认识你!
卡拉尼科夫教授:我的荣幸,我的荣幸。
斯蒂芬:总体看来,进展很顺利。
夏默教授:也许会持续一段时间。
里斯:霍金辐射!
布莱恩:这个小伙子成功了!这个小伙子成功了!
5
随着孩子的成长以及霍金病情的恶化,简渐渐感到力不从心,身心俱疲。此时,简在教会认识了乔纳森,她邀请温暖热心的乔纳森到家里做客。
Jonathan: I was, uh, married actually. But suddenly…she passed. Almost a year ago now. It was, uh, leukemia[白血病]. She fought it and I…I nursed her, but in the end…I do get quite lonely…uh, the, uh, tyranny[暴虐] of the empty room. And all that. But music is my salvation[拯救]…teaching and playing. Not really as a career, but I, uh…Im not very ambitious[有雄心的], but thats not…Is that a sin[罪惡]? I dont know.
Stephen: Wrong man to ask.
Jonathan: Thank you so much for having me.
Jane: Thank you for coming.
Jonathan: It was re…really…really wonderful. If theres anything I can do to, to be of service…to you. To the family, I mean. I would consider it a privilege[优待]. I have no children or…or commitments[承担义务]. So I only mean that if…if I could be of help, Ive… Im…believe I might find a purpose that would help alleviate[减轻] my own, uh, situation. Good night.
Jane: Night.
Stephen: I understand…If you need help, If someone is prepared to offer, I wont object[拒绝].
乔纳森:其实,我……呃……结过婚。但很突然地……她去世了。到现在差不多有一年了,是……呃,白血病。她与病魔斗争,我照料她。但最后……我变得非常孤独……呃,空荡荡的房间肆虐开来,诸如此类。但音乐是我的救赎,教授音乐,演奏音乐,不是作为职业,但我,呃……我不是很有雄心。那是罪吗?我不知道。
斯蒂芬:问错人了。
乔纳森:非常感谢邀请我来吃晚餐。
简:谢谢你能来。
乔纳森:这真是……真是……真是太美妙了。如果有什么我可以帮忙的,帮你。我的意思是,帮整个家庭,我不胜荣幸。我没有子女或……或责任。我是说,如果……如果我可以帮忙,我会……我相信我会找到一个目标,那会帮助我减轻自己的……呃,状况。晚安。
简:晚安。
斯蒂芬:我明白……如果你需要帮忙,如果有人愿意提供,我不会拒绝的。
6
简与乔纳森日久生情,但为了霍金,俩人仍旧保持距离。霍金因患肺炎做了穿气管手术,被彻底剥夺了说话能力,只能通过语音合成器发声。在这期间,他找到了体贴风趣的伊莱恩护士来照料他,他决定让简得到幸福。
Jane: (reading Stephens script) “Who are we? Why are we here? If we ever learn this, it would be the ultimate[最终的] triumph[胜利的] of human reason[理性], for then we would know the mind of God.” Do you mean this? Stephen: Yes. Of course.
Jane: So, youre acknowledging Him?
Stephen: However…
Jane: “However”, what? Are you actually going to let me have this moment?
Stephen: Youre welcome. I have asked Elaine to travel with me to America. She will look after me.
Jane: Will she?
Stephen: Yes.
Jane: You always use to tell me when an invitation came in.
Stephen: Another award, what can you do? Im sorry. How many years?
Jane: They said two. Youve had so many.
Stephen: Everything will be okay.
Jane: I have loved you. I did my best.
Professor Sciama: I first met the Professor in 1963. And there you are…time, where does it go? It has been one of the great joys of my life to watch this man defy[藐视] every expectation[预期], both scientific and personal. Please welcome onto the stage my esteemed[受人尊敬的] colleague, my dear friend, Professor Hawking.
(audience applause)
Stephen: Can you hear me?
Audience 1: Now you are recognized everywhere. How do you deal with all the attention?
Stephen: I was stopped recently by a tourist in Cambridge who asked if I was the real Stephen Hawking. I replied I was not, and said the real one was much better looking.
Audience 2: In 1979, you talked about the possibility of a Theory of Everything being discovered before the end of the century.
Stephen: I now predict that I was wrong.
Audience 3: Professor Hawking, you have said you do not believe in God. Do you have a philosophy[哲學] of life that helps you?
Stephen: It is clear that we are just an advanced[高级的] breed[品种] of primates[灵长类], on a minor planet[小行星] orbiting[轨道运行] around a very average[普通的] star, in the outer suburb[远郊] of one among a hundred billion galaxies…But, ever since the dawn of civilization[文明], people have craved for[渴望] an understanding of the underlying[潜在的] order of the world. There ought to be something very special about the boundary[边界] conditions of the universe. And what can be more special than that there is no boundary? And there should be no boundary to human endeavor[努力]. We are all different. However bad life may seem, there is always something you can do, and succeed at. While there is life, there is hope.
(all audience applause)
简:(读斯蒂芬的手稿)“我们是谁?我们为什么会在这儿?如果我们弄明白了这个,那将会是人类理性的终极胜利,到那时我们会知道上帝的想法。”这真的是你的意思吗?
斯蒂芬:是的。当然。
简:所以你承认了她的存在?
斯蒂芬:然而……
简:“然而”什么?你真的要我经历这一刻吗
斯蒂芬:不客气。我已经邀请伊莱恩和我一起到美国旅行。她会照顾我。
简:是吗?
斯蒂芬:是的。
简:你过去总是在接到邀请信的时候告诉我。
斯蒂芬:又一个奖,能怎么办?对不起。有多少年了?
简:他们说两年,而你活了这么多年。
斯蒂芬:一切都会好起来的。
简:我爱过你。我尽力了。
夏默教授:我第一次见到教授是在1963年,你瞧……时间都去哪儿了?看着这个男人藐视每一个预期,包括科学和个人方面的,是一种极大的快乐。欢迎我尊敬的同事到台上来,我亲爱的朋友,霍金教授。
(观众鼓掌)斯蒂芬:你们能听到我说话吗?
观众1:现在你在哪儿都能被认出来,你如何对待这些关注?
斯蒂芬:最近在剑桥,我被一个游客叫住了,他问我是不是真正的斯蒂芬·霍金。我回答说我不是,并说真正的那位长得比我好看多了。
观众2:1979年,你谈到了“万物理论”的理论概率将会在世纪末被发现。
斯蒂芬:我现在预言当时我错了。
观众3:霍金教授,你说过你不相信上帝,有哪些人生哲学对你有助益吗?
斯蒂芬:显然我们只是灵长类动物的高级品种,生活在一颗小行星上, 而它绕着一个很普通的恒星公转。在它的外边缘,它只是千万亿个星系中的一个,但是,自人类文明诞生以来,人类一直渴望了解世界潜在的自然法则。应该存在着一些很特别的关于宇宙边界的情况,还有什么比没有边界更特别的呢?人类的努力应该是没有边界的。我们千差万别,不管生活看上去多糟糕,总有你能做的事,你能成功的事。有生命的地方,就有希望。
(观众鼓掌)
后记
《时间简史:从大爆炸到黑洞》被翻译成四十多种语言,在全球卖出超过一千万册,已成为全球科学著作的里程碑。简获得了她的中世纪西班牙语诗歌博士学位,与乔纳森喜结连理。霍金和简仍然是朋友,现在有了三个孙子。霍金于2018年3月14日去世,享年76岁。