CHARTING A COURSE FOR SUCCESS： AMERICA’S STRATEGY FOR STEM EDUCATION（Ⅱ）

【譯题】制定成功之路：美国STEM教育战略（二）

Product of the COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCATION of the NATIONAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL

美国国家科学技术委员会STEM教育委员会

A Vision for STEM Education in America

Science， technology， engineering， and mathematics （STEM） have been the foundation for discovery and technological innovation throughout American history. The best STEM education provides an interdisciplinary approach to learning， where rigorous academic concepts are coupled with real-world applications and students use STEM in contexts that make connections between school， community， work， and the wider world. The American STEM enterprise is composed of a constellation of public and private sector organizations providing education and training in myriad ways and conducting research and development （R&D） across all sectors of the economy.

The State of STEM Education

The United States has a higher education system that is the envy of the world， providing undergraduate and graduate degrees in STEM and conducting research that is an engine for American prosperity and security. STEM employment in the United States continues to grow at a faster pace than employment in other occupations， and STEM workers command higher wages than their non-STEM counterparts. STEM degree holders enjoy higher earnings， regardless of whether they work in STEM or non-STEM occupations.

A Federal Strategy for the Next Five Years

This strategic plan is based on a Vision for a future where all Americans have lifelong access to high- quality STEM education and the United States is the global leader in STEM literacy， innovation， and employment. This vision will be achieved by pursuing the following three goals representing aspirational intentions to be strived for as a Nation：

Therefore， the strategy is built on the following four pathways representing a cross-cutting set of approaches：

·Develop and Enrich Strategic Partnerships

·Engage Students where Disciplines Converge

·Build Computational Literacy

·Operate with Transparency and Accountability

Goals for American STEM Education

The Plan’s three goals provide overarching guidance for Federal agencies in prioritizing their investments and interagency coordination and collaboration activities， and can serve as a framework for the national stakeholder community to contribute to this strategy’s success.

Build Strong Foundations for STEM Literacy

The Nation is stronger when all Americans benefit from an education that provides a strong STEM foundation for fully engaging in and contributing to their communities， and for succeeding in STEM- related careers， if they choose. STEM literacy depends on access to high-quality， lifelong STEM learning for all Americans.

Increase Diversity， Equity， and Inclusion in STEM

The national benefits of a strong STEM foundation cannot be fully realized until all members of society have equitable access to STEM education and there is much broader participation by those historically underserved and underrepresented in STEM fields and employment. Presently， high-quality STEM opportunities are not available to all learners. Implicit bias is one factor that inhibits the realization of this goal. Disparity in the distribution of human， material， and financial resources across rural， urban， and suburban America also inhibits this goal.

Prepare the STEM Workforce for the Future

A diverse talent pool of Americans with strong STEM knowledge and skills prepared for the jobs of the future is essential to maintaining the national innovation base that supports key sectors of the economy， including agriculture， energy， healthcare， information and communications technologies， manufacturing， transportation， and defense， along with emerging areas like artificial intelligence and quantum information science.

美國STEM教育的愿景

纵观美国历史，科学、技术、工程和数学一直是发现和技术创新的基础。最好的STEM教育提供了一种跨学科的学习方法，其中严谨的学术概念与现实世界的应用相结合，学生在学校、社区、工作和更广阔的世界之间建立联系的背景下使用STEM。美国科技创新企业由一系列公共和私营部门组织组成，以多种方式提供教育和培训，并在所有经济部门进行研究和开发。

美国STEM的教育现状

美国拥有令世界羡慕的高等教育体系，提供STEM的本科和研究生学位，并进行研究，这是美国繁荣和安全的引擎。在美国，STEM就业继续以高于其他职业的速度增长，STEM工人的工资也高于非STEM工人。无论从事STEM还是非STEM职业，只要是STEM学位持有者，都享有更高的收入。

未来五年的联邦战略

这项战略计划的基础是对未来的展望。在未来，所有美国人都能终身获得高质量的STEM教育，美国在STEM素养、创新和就业方面处于全球领先地位。

因此，该战略建立在以下四个途径的基础上，它们代表了一组交叉的方法：发展和丰富战略伙伴关系；跨学科交叉融合；建立信息素养；以透明和负责的态度开展工作。

美国STEM教育的目标

该计划的三个目标为联邦机构确定投资和机构间协调与合作活动的优先次序提供了总体指导，并可作为国家利益攸关方社区为该战略的成功做出贡献的框架。

为培养STEM素养夯实坚实的基础

如果所有美国人都能从STEM教育中受益，这个国家就会变得更加强大。这种教育为充分参与和为社区做贡献提供了强大的STEM基础，如果他们愿意，还能在与STEM相关的职业中取得成功。STEM素养取决于所有美国人能否获得高质量的STEM终身学习的通道。

增加STEM教育的多样性、公平性和包容性

只有社会所有成员都有平等机会接受STEM教育，并且在STEM领域和就业中历来得不到充分服务和代表不足的人有更广泛的参与，强大的STEM基础的国家利益才能充分实现。目前，并非所有学习者都有高质量的STEM机会。隐性偏见是阻碍这一目标实现的一个因素。美国农村、城市和郊区人力、物力和财力分配的差异也抑制了这一目标的实现。

为未来的STEM就业做好准备

拥有丰富的科技创新知识和技能、为未来工作做好准备的美国人才库，对维护国家创新基础至关重要，国家创新基础支持关键经济部门，包括农业、能源、医疗保健、信息和通信技术、制造业、交通运输和国防，以及人工智能和量子信息科学等新兴领域。