2018年11月CATTI二级笔译实务真题（英译汉）

张丽虹

Passage 1

New drone footage1 gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaii’s Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness2 breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm， Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday， spewing lava 300 feet in the air， encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35. There have been 1，800 residents evacuated from their neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava. In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels， residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents—a little more than half of the evacuees—were allowed to return briefly， and they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely.3

“Things got pretty active，” an official said at a Saturday press conference. “The eight volcanoes were pretty active， to the point where lava was spewing4 and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I’m not sure what the count is， but we thought it was just continuing to go. Fortunately， seismicity has laid down and the volcanoes have gone quiet now.” But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet， it wouldn’t be for long. “More volcanoes could open up， the existing ones could get active again. “There’s a lot of lava under the ground so eventually it’s going to come up.” The island was also rocked by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake on Friday， which caused landslides near the coast， but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey （USGS） said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes—13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0—in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake. But， the concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from volcanoes. “The lava is definitely destroying people’s homes—we don’t have an exact count—but it is a devastating situation.” Hawaii County head said Saturday. “There’s no way we could’ve predicted this.”

【注釋】

1. footage是未经剪辑的“短片（cinema film）”，因由无人机拍摄，可译为“航拍短片”。

2. 此处的streams隐喻“细长流动的东西”，直译为“令人恐怖的光亮流”后读起来生硬，因此可用我们语言文化中相同的隐喻手法来翻译，即“恐怖的火龙”。

3. 这句子包含一个插入语（parenthetical），插入语是英语的一个特点，非常普遍，尤其在新闻英语和学术英语中。作者根据自身的表达需要，几乎可随意把概念插入句子的任何一个位置。插入语前后一般用逗号、括号和破折号与句子的其他成分隔开。然而，中国人不习惯使用插入语，因此在英译汉中，源语的插入语给译者带来无穷无尽的麻烦。这也是CATTI考试英译汉部分的一个测试点，无论是三级笔译，还是二级笔译，插入语是必考内容。根据评分规定，将源语插入语结构照搬到目标语中来就要被重重扣分。因此，如何处理插入语成了CATTI考试成败的关键之一。

插入语一般可用以下方法翻译：（一）根据上下句的语言逻辑，将插入语移至句首或句尾;（二）根据表达需要和源语的逻辑，增加主语;（三）少量插入语可按源语顺序译出。因此，本句可这样处理：

官方表示，撤离的那些居民中仅有一半多一点的人获准短暂回家，在安全得到保障的前提下，他们将继续允许居民进入。（插入语移至句首）

另见本文中的其余两个插入语：

a） The United States Geological Survey （USGS） said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes—13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0—in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake.

美国地质调查局周日称，在6.9级地震发生后的24小时内，这座岛屿已经历了500多次地震，其中13次震级超过4.0级。（插入语移至句尾）

b） “The lava is definitely destroying people’s homes—we don’t have an exact count—but it is a devastating situation.”

“这熔岩毫无疑问正在摧毁着人们的家园。我们没有确切的数字，但这是种毁家夺命的情形。”（按源语顺序译出）

4. 此句中有两个active，第二个可照搬词典释义，但第一个active则要根据语境推断其语境意义（contextual meaning）。“[形势]严峻”“[情况]不稳定”在这一语境中均可接受。因此译为：情况变得相当不稳定，这8座火山非常活跃，到了岩浆喷涌……的地步。

在词义选择的难度方面，语境意义仅次于隐喻意义，因为这种意义往往超越词典的释义。例如，根据《英汉大词典》（陆谷孙主编），heritage表示：①繼承，继承财产，世袭财产;②继承物，遗留物，传统;③长子继承权;④命中注定的东西，命运。但在下列句子中，这些释义都难以解释heritage的意义。因此根据语境，我们只能将heritage释为“文物”。

Finally， Mr. Faggiano was allowed to resume his pursuit of the sewage pipe on condition that heritage officials observed the work.（2017年5月 CATTI三级笔译实务真题）

法贾诺先生最终获准继续寻找污水管，条件是在文物官员监督下进行工作。

【译文】

夏威夷近日发生火山爆发之后，新的无人机航拍短片向人们大概展示了大岛部分地区遭受的破坏。熔岩沿着道路流淌，穿过林地流向家园，可以看到烟雾缭绕。随着恐怖的火龙突破周边的黑色区域，燃烧点清晰可见。相对平静的一天过去后，周日基拉韦厄火山全力咆哮，向空中喷出300英尺高的熔岩，吞噬了半英里的新地，使毁坏的建筑物总数达到35栋。在数个街区，地面已经开裂，流出熔岩，故此已有1800名居民撤离家园。在二氧化硫含量相对较低的疏散地区，居民可以在周日和周一回家几个小时收集财物（收拾细软）。官方表示，撤离的那些居民中仅有一半多一点的人获准短暂回家，在安全得到保障的前提下，他们将继续允许居民进入。

一名官员在周六的新闻发布会上表示：“情况变得相当不稳定，这8座火山非常活跃，到了岩浆喷涌，熔岩流开始四处扩散的地步，所以我们的损失就更大了。目前没有确切的数字，但我们早先认为情况会持续恶化。所幸的是，地震活动已经停止，现在喷口也安静下来了。”然而官方警告说，虽然熔岩流很平静，但不会平静太久。“可能会有更多的火山喷发，眼前的火山可能会重新活跃起来。地下有很多岩浆，所以最终会喷发出来。”周五，该岛还发生6.9级地震，导致海岸附近的山体滑坡，但对建筑结构的破坏极小。美国地质调查局周日称，在6.9级地震发生后的24小时内，这座岛屿已经历了500多次地震，其中13次震级超过4.0级。不过，居民仍然担心火山口喷出的熔岩和气体。夏威夷县县长周六说：“这熔岩毫无疑问正在摧毁着人们的家园。我们没有确切的数字，但这是种毁家夺命的情形。我们不可能预测到这一点。”

Passage 2

Just as in America， in Britain too， the story told by official statistics does not always match people’s experience. That is especially true in places like Newcastle， a former shipbuilding city， which lost out to competition from Asia in the 1970s and has seen living standards stagnate ever since. The U.S. economy， we are told， is booming. In the past two quarters， gross domestic product has risen by more than 3%， the stock market is soaring and unemployment is down to a 17-year low of 4.1%. Many people， though， don’t feel that upside. The perception gap is huge. Unemployment， more broadly measured， is higher than the headline number suggests because many people have simply given up looking for work or are working in part-time jobs when they want a full-time job. One of the prime faults of GDP is that it deals in averages and aggregates. Aggregates hide the inequality. And averages don’t tell us very much at all. Barring a few recessions， the U.S. economy has been on a near relentless upward path since the 1950s. Yet according to a Pew Research Center report， the average hourly wage for non-management private-sector work was $20.67 in 2014， just $1.49 higher than in 1964， adjusted for inflation5.

Studies suggest that people care more about relative than absolute wealth. If that is true， then as a minority have become richer， the majority have grown more miserable. In a famous experiment carried out at Emory University， two monkeys were put side by side and given cucumbers as a reward for performing a task. When one of the monkeys was given better-tasting grapes instead， the monkey receiving cucumbers became distraught， flinging its now despised reward at its trainer6. The problems with using GDP as a barometer go beyond masking inequality. Invented in the U.S. in the 1930s， the figure is a child of the manufacturing age—good at measuring physical production but not the services that dominate modern economies. How would GDP measure the quality of mental-health care or the availability of day-care centers and parks in your area？7 Even the Belarusian economist who practically invented GDP did not like the fact that it counted armaments and financial speculation as positive outputs. Above all， he said， GDP should never be confused with well-being. That suggests we need to find different ways of measuring our success. For the most part， we have become obsessed with a single measure that offers only limited information.

【注释】

5. 该短语直译的话是“根据通胀调整后”，但我国新闻报道和党政文献中常用的表达是“扣除物价上涨因素后”或“扣除通胀因素后”。

6. 由于上文有个distraught（愤愤不平），此句中的fling… at应译为“砸向”，而不是“扔给”，因为介词at表示敌意，如to talk at John（含沙射影地说约翰）、to run at the stranger（扑向陌生人）。

7. availability是个抽象名词，指“可用性”，即“你住的地方有多少日托中心和公园可供人使用”。但上文提到了质量，下文可用数量与之相对。因此，整句可译为：那么国内生产总值如何才能衡量你所在地区的心理卫生保健质量或日托中心和公园的数量呢？

【译文】

美国如此，英国亦如此，官方统计数据的报道并不总是和人们的体验相称。这种情况在纽卡斯尔这样的地方尤其如此，纽卡斯尔曾一度是个造船城市，20世纪70年代彻底输给了来自亚洲的竞争，从此生活水平停滞不前。据说，美国经济正在蓬勃发展。过去两个季度，国内生产总值涨幅超过3%，股市飙升，失业率降至17年来的最低点4.1%。不过，很多人并未感受到那种好转。感知差距巨大。更广泛的统计显示，失业率高于新闻标题数字所显示的，因为许多人只是放弃了找工作，或者想找全职工作的时候只有兼职工作可干。国内生产总值的主要缺陷之一是其只关注平均值与总和的关系。总和掩盖了不平等的细微差别。而平均值根本不会告诉我们什么。除了几次经济衰退外，美国经济自20世纪50年代以来一直在近乎持续上扬的轨道上。然而，皮尤研究中心的一份报告显示，扣除通胀因素后，2014年私营经济非管理工作岗位的平均时薪为20.67美元，仅比1964年略高出1.49美元。

研究表明，人们更加关心相对财富，而非绝对财富。如果这属实，那么随着少数人变得更富裕，多数人则会变得更清苦。在埃默里大学进行的一项著名实验中，将两只猴子并排放在一起，完成一项任务，就奖励它们黄瓜。当其中一只猴子得到更美味的葡萄时，得到黄瓜的猴子变得愤愤不平，把它现在瞧不上眼的奖赏砸向实验员。把国内生产总值作为晴雨表的问题远不止是掩盖不平等。这一统计数字诞生于20世纪30年代的美国，因此是制造业时代的产物;这一方法长于衡量实体生产，却短于衡量主導现代经济的服务业。国内生产总值如何才能衡量你所在地区的心理卫生保健质量或日托中心和公园的数量呢？即便是实际上发明了GDP统计方法的白俄罗斯经济学家，也对自己的创造产生了怀疑。他不喜欢把军备和金融投机算作积极的产出。他说，最重要的是，永远不要把GDP与幸福感混为一谈。这就意味着我们需要找到衡量成功的不同方法。在极大程度上，我们一直在为这单一的衡量方法欢呼雀跃，而这种方法只能提供有限的信息。