3D TRACING和平纪念：第一次世界大战停战百年设计竞赛方案，法国加莱地区

朱文一

2018年11月11日是第一次世界大战停战100周年纪念日。为此，和平纪念设计竞赛要求参赛者在法国加莱地区自选地段，通过创新设计来纪念一战停战100周年。竞赛任务书指出，一战结束时，面对被摧毁的满目疮痍的城市，影响至今的现代建造方式——预制混凝土技术横空出世；今天，预示未来的3D打印技术在建筑上的应用初现端倪。

在地图上找寻全世界80个纪念一战墓地的基础上（图1），在尊重每一处墓地的前提下，方案“3D TRACING”提出了用3D打印机点亮墓地围墙的纪念方式，来纪念一战结束100周年。

第一，尊重每一处墓地的具体状况，在其周边增加一圈通过3D打印半透明材料构成的围墙。其中预埋的发光LED在夜晚发光，使得发光的墓地边界在夜晚可以被识别。这一独特的纪念方式，在白天看来加强了墓地的物质边界，展示对逝者的尊重；在夜晚从地面或空中鸟瞰发光墓地，又能感受别样的、特殊纪念氛围（图2、图3）。

第二，3D打印的特点之一是可以实现完全无人操作，同时可以24小时不知疲倦地工作。方案“3D TRACING”应用成熟的3D打印机器人技术，采用半透明聚酯纤维材料打印。针对每一处墓地的具体状况，沿围墙铺设轨道，并安放3D打印机器人打印。这样的方式具有很强的可操作性。

第三，在全世界范围内，全面纪念一战停战100周年；对应世界大战，举行世界纪念。法国加莱地区是一战战场的主要地区，也是墓地集中的区域。11月11日夜晚，人们可以以飞行方式俯瞰一个个发光的墓地；或通过电视或网络观看发光墓地，默默纪念一战停战100周年。此外，3D打印本身也是3D追忆的过程（图4）！

什么样的建筑类型和形式更适合3D打印机器人？什么样的材料更符合在地球上使用3D打印机器人？什么样的价格或便捷程度可以实现3D打印机器人在建筑领域的规模化应用？这些问题及其他相关问题都是今天的建筑师面临的挑战。3D Tracing方案在这方面进行了尝试（图5）。

图1 / Figure 1世界范围内的80处一战墓地80 Cemeteries for WWI Armistice around the world

FULL TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

November 11, 2018 is the 100th anniversary of the World War I. To this end, the Peace Memorial Design Competition requires participants to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Armistice through innovative designs in selected areas of the Calais region of France. The competition program pointed out:

In front of the amount of destruction, a new construction technique rised: reinforced concrete.This technique has since modified the economy of construction and all the architecture codes. A hundred years later, 3D printing robots are starting to modify the world of construction in a similar scale.

On the basis of searching for more than 80 commemorative World War I cemeteries around the world,under the premise of respecting each cemetery, the scheme “3D TRACING” proposed a commemorative way to strengthen the cemetery by 3D printing to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Armistice of World War I.

Firstly, respecting the specific conditions of each cemetery, the scheme added a circle of 3D printed translucent material around it. The pre-embedded illuminating LEDs light up at night so that the illuminated cemetery boundaries can be identified.This unique way of commemorating strengthens the material boundary of the cemetery during the day and shows respect for the deceased; at night,the cemetery is marked up both on the ground and from the sky, and creates a different kind of special commemorative atmosphere.

Secondly, one of the advantages of 3D printing is that it can be completely unmanned and can work tirelessly for 24 hours. The proposal “3D TRACING” uses mature 3D printing robot technology,printed with translucent polyester fiber material.For each specific situation of the cemetery, a track is laid along the fence and a 3D printing robot is placed for printing. This way has a strong operability.

Thirdly, the scheme commemorates the centenary of the end of WWI worldwide. Calais has been the major battle field of WWI especially, where most of the cemeteries for WWI locate. By the night of the November 11th, people can fly above the “3D tracing” illuminated cemeteries, or watch them on the screens, silently commemorating the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I From 3D Printing to 3D Tracing!

What type of building and architectural form is more suitable for 3D printing robots? What kind of material is more suitable for using 3D printing robots on earth? What kind of price or convenience can realize the large-scale application of 3D printing robots in the construction field? And so on are the challenges that today’s architects confronting with. The proposal 3D Tracing made an attempt in this regard.

图片来源

Figure Sources

文中图片均为朱文一工作室提供

All figures are provided by ZHU Wenyi Atelier

图2 / Figure 2 3D打印机器人打印半透明发光带Translucent Belt by 3D Printing Robot

图3 / Figure 3半透明发光带点亮一战墓地WWI Cemeteries highlighted by Translucent Belt

图4 / Figure 4 3D打印本身也是3D追忆的过程From 3D Printing to 3D Tracing!

图5 / Figure 5卫星图上法国加莱地区的3D Tracing 方案Proposal 3D Tracing on Satellite map, Calais, France