不同静脉采血方法导致溶血的比较及护理对策

侯二茹

[摘要] 目的 比较分析不同靜脉采血方法导致溶血及护理对策。方法 方便选取该院自2017年1—12月这段期间内接收诊治的行静脉采血的患者120例作为临床研究对象，其中40例采用真空采血法、40例采用采血针连接静脉留置针采血法、40例采用注射器连接静脉留置针采血法，各纳入A、B、C组，3组在采血期间均严格按照护理相关规程实施护理，并在采血完成后立即将血液标本送检，观察比较3组血液标本的溶血发生情况。结果 A组中有1例发生溶血，溶血发生率为2.5%；B组中有4例发生溶血，溶血发生率为10.0%；C组中有8例发生溶血，溶血发生率为20.0%；A组的溶血发生率显著低于B组，差异具有统计学意义（χ2=6.487，P<0.05）；A组的溶血发生率显著低于C组，差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.593，P<0.05）；B组的溶血发生率显著低于C组，差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.745，P<0.05）。结论 在静脉采血中采用真空采血法的溶血发生率最低，其次是采血针连接静脉留置针采血法，而注射器连接静脉留置针采血法的溶血发生率最高，但无论采用哪种静脉采血方法，若想尽量降低溶血发生率，提高血液标本的有效性，都需要在采血期间严格按照护理相关规程实施护理。

[关键词] 不同静脉采血方法；溶血；护理对策

[中图分类号] R472 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742（2019）01（c）-0129-03

Comparison of Hemolysis Caused by Different Blood Collection Methods and Nursing Countermeasures

HOU Er-ru

Department of Physical Examination， the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College， Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology，Baotou Inner Mongolia， 014010 China

[Abstract] Objective To compare and analyze different methods of venous blood sampling leading to hemolysis and nursing strategies. Methods A total of 120 patients who underwent venous blood sampling during the period from January to December 2017 were conveniently selected as clinical subjects. 40 patients were treated with vacuum blood collection and 40 patients were treated with blood collection needles for venous indwelling， using needle blood collection method， 40 cases of syringes were used to connect the venous indwelling needles， and each group was included in groups A， B， and C. The three groups were strictly in accordance with the relevant nursing procedures during the blood collection， and the blood samples were sent for inspection immediately after the blood collection was completed. Observe and compare the hemolysis of the three groups of blood samples. Results One case of hemolysis occurred in group A， and the incidence of hemolysis was 2.5%. In group B， hemolysis occurred in 4 cases， and the incidence of hemolysis was 10.0%. In group C， hemolysis occurred in 8 cases， and the incidence of hemolysis was 20.0%. The incidence of hemolysis in group A was significantly lower than that in group B （χ2=6.487， P<0.05）. The incidence of hemolysis in group A was significantly lower than that in group C（χ2=10.593， P<0.05）； the incidence of hemolysis in group B was significantly lower than that in group C， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=6.745， P<0.05）. Conclusion The method of vacuum blood collection in venous blood collection has the lowest rate of hemolysis， followed by the blood collection method of blood collection needle and venous indwelling needle. The blood injection method of syringe-connected intravenous indwelling needle is the highest， but no matter which venous blood collection method is adopted， if you want to minimize the incidence of hemolysis and improve the effectiveness of blood specimens， you need to implement care in strict accordance with the relevant nursing procedures during blood collection.