英女王伊丽莎白二世的圣诞致辞
2019-05-24
2014年12月25日下午3时,英国女王伊丽莎白二世在电视和广播中发表了一年一度的圣诞致辞。在纪念一战爆发一百周年之际,英国女王一再强调“反思”的重要性,并对抗击埃博拉的医护人员表达了由衷的敬意。
In the ruins of the old Coventry Cathedral is a sculpture of a man and a woman reaching out to embrace each other. The sculptor was inspired by the story of a woman who crossed Europe on foot after the war to find her husband.
Casts of the same sculpture can be found in Belfast and Berlin, and it is simply called“reconciliation”.
Reconciliation is the peaceful end to conflict, and we were reminded of this in August when countries on both sides of the first world war came together to remember in peace.
The ceramic poppies at the Tower of London drew millions, and the only possible reaction to seeing them and walking among them was silence. For every poppy a life; and a reminder of the grief of loved ones left behind.
No one who fought in that war is still alive, but we remember their sacrifice and indeed the sacrifice of all those in the armed forces who serve and protect us today.
在考文垂大教堂的廢墟上,矗立着一座雕像,塑着一对男女在张开双臂,相互拥抱。一战后,有一位妇女,徒步横跨欧洲,找寻自己的丈夫。雕塑家有感于此,遂成此像。
在贝尔法斯特和柏林,也有相同的塑像。人们只简单地把这种塑像称做“和解”。
和解是以和平方式结束对抗。今年(2014年)八月,一战双方各交战国走到了一起,举行和平纪念活动之时,我们想起了“和解”这个词。
伦敦塔上,陶瓷的罂粟花令万人瞩目。徜徉其间,人们看到它们唯一可能的反应就是沉默不语。每一朵罂粟花代表着一个逝去的生命,它们寄予着人们痛失至爱的悲伤。
虽然参加一战的人们都已离世了,但我们仍缅怀他们曾经的流血牺牲。我们同样要牢记,现在,为保卫我们生活安宁无私奉献的士兵。
In 1914, many people thought the war would be over by Christmas, but sadly by then the trenches were dug and the future shape of the war in Europe was set.
But, as we know, something remarkable did happen that Christmas, exactly a hundred years ago today.
Without any instruction or command, the shooting stopped and German and British soldiers met in no mans land. Photographs were taken and gifts exchanged. It was a Christmas truce.
Truces are not a new idea. In the ancient world a truce was declared for the duration of the Olympic Games and wars and battles were put on hold.
Sport has a wonderful way of bringing together people and nations, as we saw this year in Glasgow when over 70 countries took part in the Common-wealth Games.
It is no accident that they are known as the Friendly Games. As well as promoting dialogue between nations, the Commonwealth Games pioneered the inclusion of parasports within each days events.
As with the Invictus Games that followed, the courage, determination and talent of the athletes captured our imagination as well as breaking down divisions.
The benefits of reconciliation were clear to see when I visited Belfast in June. While my tour of the set of Game of Thrones may have gained most attention, my visit to the Crumlin Road Gaol will remain vividly in my mind.
What was once a prison during the troubles is now a place of hope and fresh purpose;a reminder of what is possible when people reach out to one another, rather like the couple in the sculpture.
Of course, reconciliation takes different forms.In Scotland after the referendum many felt great disappointment, while others felt great relief;and bridging these differences will take time.
Bringing reconciliation to war or emergency zones is an even harder task, and I have been deeply touched this year by the selflessness of aid workers and medical volunteers who have gone abroad to help victims of conflict or of diseases like Ebola, often at great personal risk.
1914年,當时许多人认为,战争会在圣诞前结束,可不幸的是,交战已如开弓之箭,无可挽回,之后欧洲战场的对峙已成定局。
但我们都知道,就在一百年前的今天,圣诞节这一天,确实发生了了不起的事情。
英德两军阵地没得到任何人的指令或命令,双方就自动停火了,士兵们相向走到开阔地,聚在一起,互赠礼物,合影留念。这就是圣诞停火日。
战时停火并非什么新观念。古时候,在奥运会期间,双方也会宣布休战,不论大的战役部署还是具体的战场争夺,都要暂时罢手,为奥运盛会让路。
体育比赛的确是一种绝妙的方式,就像今年在格拉斯哥举办英联邦运动会,汇集了来自70多个国家的人民,大家济济一堂,同场竞技。
友谊赛的意义众所周知,绝非偶然。英联邦运动会不仅促进了国家间的对话沟通,同时也首创性地把残疾人运动项目纳入每天的赛事。
在随后的“不可征服运动会”上,运动员们所表现出来的勇气、决心和才干不仅令我们心驰神往,同时,也打消了彼此心中的隔阂。
今年6月,我出访贝尔法斯特,处处显现了和解所带来的好处。尽管人们更受关注我参观《权利的游戏》拍摄现场,然而,我自己却对去克拉姆林路监狱念念不忘。
过去世事多舛,一度阴森恐怖的监狱,如今成了人们的希望之所而得以善加利用;它又一次佐证了,人们彼此敞开心扉,会多么美妙,而不再是塑像中那对夫妻如此苦情地拥抱了。
当然,和解的方式多种多样。公投后的苏格兰,有人深感失望,有人欣慰莫名,若能彼此心意相通,还需要时间。
在交战或事件突发之地,要双方怀和解之念就更是难上加难了。今年,医护志愿者的无私精神再次打动了我,他们甘愿以身犯险,毅然踏出国门,去抗击埃博拉,去救治病患。
For me, the life of Jesus Christ, the prince of peace, whose birth we celebrate today, is an inspiration and an anchor in my life.
A role model of reconciliation and forgiveness, he stretched out his hands in love, acceptance and healing. Christs example has taught me to seek to respect and value all people, of whatever faith or none.
Sometimes it seems that reconciliation stands little chance in the face of war and discord. But, as the Christmas truce a century ago reminds us, peace and goodwill have lasting power in the hearts of men and women.
On that chilly Christmas Eve in 1914 many of the German forces sang Silent Night, its haunting melody inching across the line.
That carol is still much-loved today, a legacy of the Christmas truce, and a reminder to us all that even in the unlikeliest of places hope can still be found.
A very happy Christmas to you all.
对我个人来说,耶稣的人生光耀宇宙,他是给世人带来和平的王子。今天,我们庆祝他的生日,而他为世人所做的也正是我毕生的理想和精神支柱。
耶稣是和解与宽恕的化身,他把爱的双手伸向我们,接受世间万物,治愈心灵之伤。耶稣是榜样,他教导我们,无论他人是否抱有信仰,我们都要敬重每一个人。
有时候,在战争的屠刀下,在混乱的境遇中,与人和解似乎是不可能的。但是,一个世纪前的今日,那一次圣诞休战提醒我们,和平与善意所具有的持久力量,会在世人心中生生不息,代代相传。
在1914年那个严寒彻骨的晚上,许多德军将士合唱《平安夜》,动人肺腑的旋律暖透了每一寸战壕,每一寸掩体。
那首圣诞颂歌如今依然为世人挚爱,圣诞休战的传奇往事提醒我们所有人,即便在最不可能的时间和地点,仍然会透进希望的光芒。
祝大家圣诞快乐!
译析
英译汉的“补白”
在我译这篇讲话时,网上已有译稿,但有些译文处理上硬伤略重,故试译本文,以期切磋。
这篇英文很有特点,简练而感人。译者如何让译文的文脉贯通,把原文要表达的感情在译文中有所体现,就要根据对字里行间的理解,做中国水墨画中类似“补白”的工作。
“補白”要按照上下文的关系及感情取向,适当为之,不可添油加醋或望文生义。运用这一技巧,灵活度较大,对译者个人修为要求较高,不易量化规定具体分寸,因此,极少在标准翻译教材中提及。但在翻译实践中,这一技巧却无时不需要使用。用好这一技巧,思维逻辑和文脉就会畅通,译文就会感人。
以下试举几例网上译文,做一比较:
1.第一段译文:在考文垂大教堂的废墟上有一尊雕塑,一男一女张开双臂拥抱彼此。这尊塑像源自于一个女人在战后以步行的方式横跨欧洲千里寻夫的故事。
分析:如果译者是做口译,那么,复述得没问题。但是,笔译就应该像“嚼甘蔗”,要把原文每一点营养吸出来。要用中文特色的“小短句,流水句”,抽丝剥茧般,把每一层意思展现在读者眼前。
2.伦敦塔顶的陶瓷罂粟花万人瞩目,但真正看到它们并且在它们中间穿过的时候,你唯一的反映就是沉默。每一朵罂粟花代表一个逝去的生命,也是对至亲们的哀思。
分析:这句话的错误很“隐蔽”,字面上几乎“无懈可击”,但这要上升一个层次来看。首先,英国女王讲话不可能是“温吞水”,这句话要表达什么感情?译文如何去连贯,使之畅通?
3.1914年的时候,很多人以为战争会在圣诞前结束,不过不幸的是,战壕却在进一步扩大,欧洲的战局也初步形成。
分析:对原文理解有误,译文取向因此就歪了。
4.“运动”也是一个将所有人和国家汇聚在一起的极佳方法,比如今年的格拉斯哥,超过70多个国家参加的英联邦运动会。
分析:英汉语序有别;另外,这句话翻得挺像说明文,文气不对。
5.曾经纷争中的监狱如今却是一个充满希望和主旨鲜明的地方,提醒大家拥抱彼此已成可能,而不再像雕像中的那对夫妻那样。
分析:这句是标准的没理解原文的“硬翻”。看后令人不知所云。上边我提到的“补白”,其中一种作用就是把讲话者的意思给译入语读者阐释清楚。
6.对于我来说,耶稣——和平之君,他的生日,也就是我们圣诞庆祝的原因,是我生命中的鼓舞和依靠。
分析:在网上的译文里,译者对这句英文写了“超赞之句:我生命中的鼓励和依靠”,但是,他这句赞美语本身就翻错了。能意识到英文中的妙句,这是第一步;而如何理解到位,如何表达好,这才是译者该做的呢!
7,那首圣诞颂歌今天依然倍受欢迎,是圣诞体战的遗产,也是在提醒我们:即使在最绝望的地方,希望仍在。
分析:作为英国女王讲话的结尾处,应该是高潮。其中一个原因是:理解的随意和不细致,如found这个词,是“被找到”的意思,这应该是开掘,升华全文的切入点,但显然,这一细节被译者忽略了。