LagoScape—改变垃圾山之多功能体育场设计国际竞赛方案，拉各斯，尼日利亚

朱文一

“到2025年，全球各城市每天产生的垃圾足以填满一辆3,100英里长的垃圾卡车。”这是竞赛任务书引用世界银行集团（World Bank Group）的话。城市垃圾已经成为全球议题。竞赛地段位于尼日利亚前首都拉各斯北部一个废弃的垃圾填埋场（图1）。将垃圾填埋场改变为日常使用的城市空间，需要跨学科合作的设计。低造价、适宜技术是竞赛提出的又一个挑战。“白象综合症”（White Elephant）用来表述大型体育场这样的巨型建筑对一座城市而言之不能承受之重。任务书要求的40,000人体育场可以归入这种建筑类型。朱文一工作室提交的“LagoScape”方案（图2）通过明确的设计思路、精准的设计策略以及巧妙的设计手法回应了上述挑战。

第一，在越来越多的快速发展的大城市，过去位于郊外的垃圾场很快被废弃，变成城市扩张后中心地区的废弃填埋场。“LagoScape”方案采用垃圾就地填埋的成熟技术，按照最小改变地形、最小土方量的原则，将80公顷的垃圾场重新设计为大型足球活动运动场地。其中，用垃圾堆叠而成的足球体育场可以容纳40,000人，满足体育比赛和城市观景的要求(图3，图4)。而重新整理后的大片绿茵场地则成为周边社区日常足球活动的场地。

第二，“LagoScape”方案将体育场足球功能简化至仅仅满足基本的日常足球活动以及训练需要和比赛需要；将体育场的建筑造型简化至仅满足40,000名观众观看场地时的视线要求；将足球体育场的造价，特别是建筑日常运行费用降至最低。如同古代希腊圆形剧场的简明、火山口造型，“LagoScape”方案呈现出简洁的形式、明晰的功能、朴素的材料以及低价的运营（图5），这是避免大型体育场“白象综合症”的有益尝试。

第三，“LagoScape”方案充分考虑尼日利亚作为足球国家的特点，结合大型体育场相对建筑高度，创造极富象征性的建筑形象，以发掘和弘扬体育场建筑的附加值。“LagoScape”的意思是“拉各斯景”之意。体育场不仅是足球训练和比赛场地，而且以其独一无二的形象成为极具吸引力的观众席和城市观景台。将游览目的地功能赋予足球体育场，是大型体育场多功能使用的大胆尝试。

图1 / Figure 1地段现状为垃圾填埋场，拉各斯，尼日利亚The land fi ll site. Lagos, Nigeria / Souce: www.archoutloud.com

图2 / Figure 2LagoScape方案Proposal LagoScape

第四，不论在万能视角下、鸟瞰视角下，还是凡人视角下，“LagoScape”方案都体现出优雅的建筑体验。需要强调的是，“LagoScape”方案充分考虑谷歌地球卫星地图上的建筑体验，采用简单的圆形创造识别性超强的形式。根据满足40,000人使用的出入口特点和场地周边社区状况设计的放射状路径，更是加强了“LagoScape”方案的形式感（图6）。

简洁、大气、巧妙，朴素，这4个词汇很好地体现了“LagoScape”方案的特点（图7）。

图片来源

Figure Sources

文中图片除注明外均为朱文一工作室提供

All figures, except those are specified, are provided by ZHU Wenyi Atelier

FULL TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

The LagoScape proposal is located in the former Olusosun Land fi ll (Figure 1) in the northern part of Lagos, Nigeria. The program asks participants to design a new multi-purpose stadium at the former Olusosun Land fi ll. How could this massive structure, known to be wasteful in its resources, limited lifespan, and inconsistent usage, confront critical issues of waste in Lagos while sited on a former land fi ll? Designers are encouraged to consider how the stadium might act as a porous entity, serving as both a world-class sporting facility and local commodity. ZHUWENYI Atelier proposed a scheme LagoScape (Figure 2). The keypoints of the proposal are as follows:

First, well-developed land fi ll technology is applied to build the stadium and green field, which is a sustainable way. The football stadium stacked with wastes can accommodate 40,000 people, meeting the requirements of sports competitions and city observation (Figure 3, Figure 4). The refurbished large green fi elds have become the venue for daily football activities in the surrounding communities.The 80-hectare site is designed as a football green fi eld. The large football stadium with 40,000 seats is centrally located, taking into account the events and daily use, exploring new typology of large-scale stadiums (Figure 5).

Second, the stadium not only serves as a football training and competition venue, but also has a unique image to become an attractive auditorium and city viewing platform. Giving the function of the tourist destination to the football stadium is an disruptive attempt to use the multi-purpose stadium.

Third, the proposal LagoScape takes into account the architectural experience from god's eye view,bird's eye view to man's eye view. It should be emphasized that the LagoScape is highly recognizable in its simple circular and is easily identi fi ed on Google Earth satellite maps. The gates of stadium with emanant paths on the green field are accessible to the neighborhoods surrounding the site(Figure 6).

The name LagoScape means Lagos Landscape.With its unique form, it will be a new landmark in the Lagos city (Figure 7).

图 3 / Figure 3用垃圾填埋而成的看台顶部——城市观景台The top of the grandstand made of land fi ll - the city observation deck

图4 / Figure 4通过适宜技术用垃圾填埋而成的40,000人体育场看台40,000 seats stadium stands made of land fi lls by suitable technology

图5 / Figure 5凡人视角下简洁、明快的“LagoScape”方案A simple and bright "LagoScape" from Man's-Eye-View

图6 / Figure 6“LagoScape”足球场和周边社区的巧妙连接Smart connection between the "LagoScape" football stadium and the surrounding community

图7 / Figure 7万能视角下的 "LagoScape" 。左:场地现状谷歌地球卫星图；右:LagoScape方案"LagoScape" from God's-Eye-View. Left: Site on Google Eargh satellite map; Right: Proposal LagoScape