再想象——城市翻修系列设计课程教学报告(37)之波兰华沙科学科学文化中心Re-Imagining

朱文一

2018年是波兰国家独立100周年纪念。华沙维斯图拉大学亚洲文化研究中心为此策划了以建筑设计教学为主导的纪念活动。清华大学建筑学院受邀参加波兰华沙文化科学宫建筑改造设计教学。波兰华沙文化科学宫建于1955年，是华沙著名的城市地标之一。随着时间的流逝，这幢237米高的巨构建筑已经不适应当代生活的需求（图1，图2）。如何通过设计使这幢建筑与21世纪的城市生活相匹配，成为设计教学的挑战。

结合清华大学建筑学院研究生一年级和本科五年级设计课程，朱文一教授组织了由4个组共计11名学生组成的团队。从2018年9月至12月，4组学生很好地完成了设计课程作业。清华大学和维斯图拉大学分别成功举办了学生作业展，并于12月17日通过网络进行了展览开幕式和学生作业交流。在此，感谢维斯图拉大学Piotr Wiench教授为本次教学展览活动所做的诸多努力；感谢清华大学建筑学院刘健副院长牵线搭桥。以下是指导教师对4组作业的评语：

作业“PKIN LINE”（图3）优点：一是将地段周边占主体的街区肌理引入，与科学文化宫裙楼结合，创造更加宜人尺度的城市中心区街区空间；二是策划以足球活动为主体的功能，结合室内外空间，探索在城市中心区创造健康空间的可能性。不足：科学文化宫建筑本身的改造缺少深度；此外，主足球场的朝向不够理想。

作业“PK^N”（图4）优点：一是提出“复制”理念将科学文化宫及其西面的现代大尺度建筑拓展至整个地段，形成高密度的超高层建筑群，并以此创造波兰城市中心新形象；二是探索超高层大尺度建筑与城市公共活动之间的新型匹配关系。不足：“复制”超高层大楼导致城市中心区密度过高；此外，将科学文化宫上半部移至地面的改造方式略显简单。

图1 / Figure 1地段位于波兰华沙城市中心区 / Site locates at the city center, Warsaw, Poland Source: Google Earth

图 2 / Figure 2波兰文化科学宫 / Palace of Culture and Science Source: Google Street

作业“PKIN IN 1918”（图5）优点：一是以波兰百年独立前的华沙城市中心区小尺度街区肌理为蓝本，创造华沙中心区小尺度街区形态；二是以单元体建筑为模式，既再现历史建筑界面的尺度，又包容当代城市生活方式。不足：过于强调东西方向走势，与地段南面和北面街区的衔接不够；此外，对科学文化宫建筑的改造设计不够明确。

作业“PKIN”（图6）优点：一是将科学文化宫改造设计与其周边空间的设计统一考虑，既保持城市地标形态延续性又创造未来华沙城市新中心形态；二是在科学文化宫建筑上部加建轻结构方式的改造既大胆又巧妙，所谓“改头换面”。不足：去掉现有文化功能，仅突出科学的设定过于简单和片面；广场部分的空间尺度过大，没有解决目前存在的问题。

总体上，4组学生作业展示出不同的设计思路、迥异的设计策略以及丰富的设计成果，是优秀的设计作业；同时也体现了学生开阔的眼界、丰富的想象力和探索设计的精神。

TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

The year of 2018 is the 100th anniversary of the independence of Republic of Poland. The Asia Research Center of Vistula University in Warsaw planned a commemorative event through an architectural design studio. The School of Architecture of Tsinghua University was invited to participate in the teaching studio titled as Re-Imagining the Palace of Culture and Science (PKIN), Warsaw, Poland. PKIN with its 237-meter-high was built in 1955 and is a famous city landmark (Figure 1, 2). Today PKIN is no longer adapted to the needs of contemporary life. The challenge is how to match PKIN to the 21st century urban life through design.

As the supervisor of the design studios for M.Arch and B.Arch, Professor Zhu Wenyi organized a team of 11 students from four groups. From September to December 2018, four groups of students completed the design studio. Tsinghua University and Vistula University successfully held student work exhibitions respectively, and on December 17th, the opening ceremony of the exhibition and student work presentations were conducted through the Internet.Here, I would like to thank Professor Piotr Wiench of the University of Vistula for the many efforts made for this studio and exhibition; I would like to thank Vice Dean Liu Jian of the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University for the matchmaking.

Here are the student works of four groups (Figure 3,4, 5, 6). In general, the student works show different design ideas and different design strategies, which are excellent design works. Students also present their broad vision, rich imagination, diverse skills and strong motivation from their works.

图5 / Figure 5PKIN IN 1918. 杨艺瑶，曹昌浩，李馨纶PKIN IN 1918 by YANG Yiyao, CAO Changhao, LI Xinlun

图6 / Figure 6PKI N. 方文静，姜明，严东瀚PKI N by FANG Wenjing, JIANG Ming, YAN Donghan