瑞典隆德理工学院校园公园

2019-04-02托尔比约恩安德森斯维可建筑师事务所

风景园林 2019年1期

托尔比约恩·安德森+斯维可建筑师事务所

1 总平面图Site plan

2 现有的两个水塘被选为校园更新的中心点The two existing ponds are chosen to form the center point of the renewal of the campus park

隆德理工学院（Lund Institute of Technology，LTH）拥有一个朝向东侧的巨大缓坡绿地景观。这片土地曾经被用于耕作。自1961年成立以来，该大学便致力于在瑞典南部建设为一所涵盖建筑学在内的高等工科院校。如今，隆德理工学院已经为10 000名学生提供了高等教育。

该学校的建筑师是兰卡斯特安塞姆（Klas Anselm）。他在这块坡地上设计了十几座简单的红砖建筑，如今它们各自孤立地散布在斜坡上。校方曾坚信学校会迅速发展，预计这些单一的建筑将会扩张生长，并在彼此之间建立比原来更密切的联系。

事实上，学校确实在不断发展壮大，但没有达到建筑个体之间进行有意义的交流的程度。发展后的结果是一个空有其表但又异常贫瘠、缺乏生气的校园。可提供丰富社交生活的建筑密度的缺乏显而易见。

该项目旨在寻找针对这些不足的补救途径。该场地平淡无奇，且毫无遮掩。然而，它有一个突出的特点：场地区域被2个水塘包围。它们是过去的黏土采石场的遗迹，以前曾用于为砖块制造提供材料，2个黏土坑深深地陷入地下，如今被水充满。与周围开阔、倾斜的地面相比，它们具有戏剧性的地位。土坑的边缘极其陡峭，有些地方几乎与地面垂直。这里的小气候与校园其他地方不同，郁郁葱葱的植被使其不受风的影响，而且靠近水域的位置提高了场地品质。对于在此建立一个新的校园社交中心而言，这似乎是一个好的开始；校园已经缺乏这种活力很多年了。

4 北部水塘有一个向南的观景平台The northern pond has a viewing platform facing south

5 不同高度变化的楼梯激活社交生活Varying staircases on different levels stimulate social life

6 被称为“休息平台”的部分有宽敞的长椅供人坐下休憩The section called The Lounge”has wide sofas for seating

7 在东侧，楼梯一直延伸到水边On the east side, the staircases reach all the way down to the water

景观设计概念是实现水塘陡峭边缘的可达性的多样化。设计目的是在池塘周围建立具有社交吸引力的场所和步道。针对水塘双侧的设计的原则由此建立，大水塘的西部边缘提供了停留、静坐、欣赏风景和与朋友、同事见面的地方。在这里，阳光平台位于水面上方、靠近水塘边缘的位置。水塘东部的景观设计则恰好相反。这里有蜿蜒的长廊，以及一些较小的社交空间。一系列阶梯沿着池壁时而向上时而向下，在一些区域则一直延伸到水面。

东西两侧的设计和建造材料也不同。带有露台的西侧由木板制成。3个露台分别以休息平台、绿廊和舞厅而命名，这也正是它们的设计理念。

8 嵌在栏杆上的光点呈现了楼梯顺着斜坡上下起伏的态势Dots of light integrated in the railings describe the movement of the stairs up and down the slope

东侧是一座拉伸钢板的组合构筑和楼梯，这种楼梯的类型可以在建筑工地找到，也反映了学校的一些学科特点。东侧的设计是轻盈的，几乎漂浮，编排出一条有趣的漫步道；西侧则是稳重而坚固的，塑造了可供休息和社交生活的户外场所。

学生、教师、研究学者和学校员工们经常在休息日和工作间隙来此小憩。此外，每年初秋，大一新生的入学仪式都会在此举行，包括自造船的各种比赛也会于此开展。

（编辑/刘昱霏）

9 被称为“舞厅”的部分有特殊的照明设计The section called "The Ballroom" has a special lighting arrangement

地点：瑞典隆德

客户：阿卡德米卡哈斯地产有限公司

设计师：托尔比约恩安德森，佩吉海琳

设计团队：斯塔凡桑德斯托姆，尼古拉斯邦克，莫妮卡祖隆加（照明设计）

面积：17 000m2

开始时间：2016年

照片来源：图1，12～18©托尔比约恩安德森+斯维可建筑师事务所；图2～5©艾克伊森林德曼；图6～11©卡斯普杜吉克

翻译：孙雪榕

校对：孙越

10 照明概念旨在使水塘公园在天黑后也具有吸引力The lighting concept aims at making the pond park attractive also after dark

11“休息平台”的室外家具的座位是双向的The furniture at “The Lounge” has two-way seating

The landscape situation at LTH campus is a large, green field; sloping gently to the east.The land was once farmed. When the university established itself here in 1961, the purpose was to open a high-end school for technical faculties,including architecture, in the Swedish south. Today LTH offers higher education for 10 000 students.

The architect was Klas Anselm. He laid out what is today a dozen buildings in the terrain;simplistic, red brick volumes, sprinkled over the slope in quite solitary positions. The school authorities believed in a rapid growth, and the plan was that the singular buildings would physically expand and end up standing closer to each other than they originally were.

The school did grow, but not to the extent that the units came into a meaningful dialogue. The result is a rather handsome but barren campus. The lack of a density that can supply with a rich social life is obvious.

The project is about how to create a remedy for these shortcomings. The site is rather anonymous and windswept. However, there is one section which stands out; an area around two ponds. They are remnants of an old clay quarry,formerly used to supply material for the making of bricks. The clay pits are deep shafts in the ground and today filled with water. They have a dramatic setting compared to the surrounding open, sloping ground. From their rims is a steep drop, at places almost vertical. The climate here differs from the rest of the campus, lush vegetation protect from the winds, and the proximity to water adds qualities.It seemed as a good beginning for a new social hub at the school. It had lacked that quality for years.

12 观景平台，立面图Viewing platform, elevation

13 有轮椅通道的观景平台Viewing platform with access for wheelchairs

14 东侧楼梯的顶部和底部都有社交场所The eastern stairs have social spots at top and bottom

15 西侧的平台处于不同的高程上。早期的草图The western platforms are placed on different levels. Early sketch

The landscape concept was to make the steep edges of the ponds accessible but in differing ways.The purpose was to create socially attractive places,and promenades, around the ponds. A design principle of dual sides was established. The western rim of the larger pond offers places to stop by at,sit down, enjoy the view, and meet with friends and colleagues. Here, sun decks and platforms are located high above the water, close to the rim.The east side is the contrary. It is equipped with a winding promenade, and containing smaller social spaces. A system of staircases move up and down along the drop, at some places reaching all the way down to the water.

The design and the materials of the two sides consequently differ as well. The west side with the decks are made of wooden planks. The three terraces have names as the lounge, the pergola, and the ballroom. These are also the concepts after which they are designed.

The east side is a meccano of stretched sheet steel panels and staircases of the type you find at a construction site, reflecting the content of some of the curriculums at the school. The east side is light, almost floating, and orchestrate a playful promenade. The west side is firm,stable, of high gravity and form places for rest and social life.

The students as well as teachers, researchers and staff frequent the pond area in leisure time and work breaks. In addition, it is the showplace for the initial rituals that the freshmen perform every early fall, including self-constructed boats of various standard participating in a sea battle.

(Editor/LIU Yufei)

Location: Lund, Sweden

Client: Akademiska Hus

Designer: Thorbjörn Andersson and PeGe Hillinge

Project Team: Staffan Sundström, Nicholas Bunker, Monica Zulunga (light design)

Size: 17 000 m2

Opening: 2016

Translator: SUN Xuerong

Proofreader: SUN Yue