循证护理干预对口腔正畸患儿治疗依从性和预后的影响
2019-03-13韩佳南张丽丽刘鑫岳海莉
韩佳南 张丽丽 刘鑫 岳海莉
[摘要]目的:探究循证护理对口腔正畸患儿治疗依从性、口腔健康及生活质量的影响。方法:选取笔者医院2015年1月-2017年12月接收的80例口腔正畸患儿为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上进行循证护理。对比两组患儿治疗依从性、口腔健康和生活质量。结果:观察组依从率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(95.0% vs 75.0%,P<0.05)。护理后两组患儿口腔健康均明显升高,且观察组评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后观察组主观幸福感、生活满意度和自我价值感均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对口腔正畸患儿进行循证护理干预可以提高治疗依从性、改善口腔健康、提高生活质量,保证正畸疗效。
[关键词]循证护理干预;口腔正畸;依从性;口腔健康;生活质量;预后
[中图分类号]R783.5 [文献标志码]B [文章编号]1008-6455(2019)02-0147-03
Abstract: Objective To explore the impact of evidence-based nursing on the treatment compliance, oral health and life quality of orthodontic children. Methods 80 cases of orthodontic children received in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group received routine treatment, and the observation group received evidence-based nursing on the basis of routine treatment. Treatment compliance, oral health and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results the compliance rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (95.0% vs 75.0%,P<0.05). Oral health of the two groups was significantly increased after nursing, and the score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). After intervention,subjective well-being, life satisfaction and self-worth of the observation group were all superior to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion evidence-based nursing intervention for oral orthodontic children can improve treatment compliance, improve oral health and quality of life, so as to guarantee the curative effect of orthodontic.
Key words: evidence-based nursing intervention; orthodontics; compliance; oral health; the quality of life; prognosis
由于儿童口腔正畸治疗过程普遍相对较长,整体治疗依从性偏低[1],与此同时,患儿还需要长期佩戴矫治器配合治疗,因此容易导致口腔溃疡、牙根炎及牙周炎等疾病的发生,从而严重影响正畸治疗效果[2]。临床上,很多医生仅仅关注正畸疗效而忽略了患者心理感受。然而,由于对手术的恐惧、担心治疗失败,患儿常合并抑郁和焦虑等不良情绪。负性情绪严重影响了患者治疗依从性、降低了生活质量[3-4]。相关研究表明[5-6],给予科学、有力的护理手段不仅能显著提升患儿治疗依从性,而且能够使口腔健康状态得到明显改善。因此笔儿医院采用循证护理对口腔正畸患儿进行干预,取得了较好的疗效,现报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料:选取2015年1月-2017年12月于笔者医院接受正畸治疗的80例患儿为研究对象,按照临床护理方法不同,采用随机抽取方法将所有患儿平均分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。年龄7~8岁,正畸时间6~18个月。两组患儿年龄、性别及平均接受正畸治疗时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见表1。
1.2 納入和排除标准:纳入标准:智力正常,体格发育正常者。排除标准:严重的器质性疾病、肿瘤、近期严重外伤、年龄不在7~8岁以内及资料不全者。
1.3 方法:对照组给予常规护理:向患儿及家属详细讲解疾病知识、介绍相应的预防措施,耐心解答家属提出的问题。观察组在对照组基础上进行循证护理干预,具体方法:①建立护患信任:保持亲切和蔼的态度,注意言谈举止,获得患儿及其家属的好感与信任,增强其治疗疾病的信心;②心理护理:年龄相对较小的患儿常存在紧张、恐惧心理。治疗开始前,告知患儿及其家属治疗过程中可能出现疼痛情况,给予患儿安慰、鼓励,家属也应该多陪伴患儿,让其有安全感。对于年龄相对较大的患儿,应尊重其自尊心,给予一定的健康教育,使其认识到正畸治疗的重要性;③口腔卫生指导:由于矫治器长时间的固定,护理人员应提醒患儿注意口腔卫生,避免牙龈发炎。清洁矫治器时尽量选择软牙刷,避免食用坚硬、辛辣、黏度高和糖分高的食物[7-11]。
[10]杨丽俊,刘婷婷,林川,等.青少年口腔正畸患者心理特点及心理干预效果的研究[J].临床口腔医学杂志,2018,34(3):157-160.
[11]Lee R,Hwang S,Lim H,et al.Treatment satisfaction and its influencing factors among adult orthodontic patients[J].Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop,2018,153(6):808-817.
[12]Imani MM,Jalali A,Dinmohammadi M,et al.The effect of orthodontic intervention on mental health and body image[J].Open Access Maced J Med Sci,2018,6(6):1132-1137.
[13]Magnifico M,Cassi D,Gandolfini M,et al.Orthodontics and moebius syndrome:an observational study[J].Minerva Stomatol,2018,67(4):165-171.
[14]Abreu LG,Dos Santos TR,Melgaco CA,et al.Impact of orthodontic treatment on adolescents' quality of life:a longitudinal evaluation of treated and untreated individuals[J].Qual Life Res,2018,27(8):2019-2026.
[15]劉晓芬,廖佳莉,季梦婷,等.青少年固定正畸患者口腔健康自我管理能力评价指标的构建[J].解放军护理杂志,2016,33(6):1-6.
[16]果利.牙周基础治疗联合正畸治疗成人牙周病的临床评价[J].中国现代药物应用,2016,10(15):92-93.
[17]张建凤,李志菊.合肥市某口腔专科医院医护人员手卫生依从性现状及对策[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2016,20(7):747-751.
[18]管玮,龚士强,张智星,等.不同制剂在固定正畸治疗中抑制釉质脱矿的临床效果比较 [J].临床口腔医学杂志,2016,32(9):539-542.
[19]张安翔,刘漫丽,郑英成,等.正畸护患沟通技巧[J].国际口腔医学杂志,2016,43(6):739-742.