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关于YES相关蛋白调控PTEN表达量的研究

2018-12-22孟甦钱邦磊余常麟

中外医疗 2018年25期
关键词:负相关质粒家族

孟甦 钱邦磊 余常麟

[摘要] 目的 探明YES相關蛋白(Yes-associated protein, YAP)如何通过调控miR-29a的表达来调节PTEN表达量。方法 ①以N2a细胞为研究对象,高表达及抑制YAP,测量其miR-29家族的表达量,并筛选出改变最明显的一个miRNA,并检测PTEN蛋白的表达;②通过改变miR-29a及YAP的蛋白水平,来检测YAP是通过何途径来调控PTEN蛋白的表达。结果 ①通过转染了过表达YAP质粒后,RT-PCR的结果显示miR-29家族中的3个成员miR-29a,miR-29b,miR-29c都明显上调了。其中miR-29a上调了明显。而同时抑制了YAP的细胞中,miR-29的表达量都明显下降。说明YAP与miR-29的表达量之间是一种正相关的联系。另外一方面,PTEN的表达量则正好与miR-29及YAP相反,在抑制了YAP后,PTEN的表达量呈现的上升趋势,而过表达了YAP后,PTEN则明显下降。这说明YAP与PTEN之间是一种负相关的联系。②无论YAP的量改变如何,起到决定性作用的仍然还是miR-29a。下游的PTEN受YAP及miR-29a调控,而其中miR-29a作为作用中枢又受到上游YAP的调控。这些证据都揭示了YAP对PTEN的调节作用是通过对miR-29a的调节来实现的。结论 该研究初步证实YAP能够通过对miR-29a的调控来实现对PTEN的表达,从而为治疗神经脊髓损伤提供研究基础。

[关键词] YAP;miR-29a;PTEN

[中图分类号] R329          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)09(a)-0021-03

Study on the Regulation of PTEN Expression by YES-related Proteins

MENG Su1, QIAN Bang-lei2, YU Chang-lin3

1.Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215000 China; 2.Department of Planning, Development and Performance Assessment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215000 China; 3.Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164 China

[Abstract] Objective To explore how YES (Yes-associated protein) regulates the expression of PTEN by regulating the expression of miR-29a. Methods 1.N2a cells as the study object, high expression and inhibition of YAP, measuring the expression of the miR-29 family, and screening out the most obvious change in a miRNA, and detection of PTEN protein expression; 2.by changing the miR- Protein levels of 29a and YAP to detect the pathway by which YAP regulates PTEN protein expression. Results 1.RT-PCR showed that miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-29c were significantly up-regulated in the miR-29 family. Among them, miR-29a was significantly upregulated. In the cells that inhibited YAP at the same time, the expression of miR-29 decreased significantly. There was a positive correlation between the expression of YAP and miR-29. On the other hand, the expression level of PTEN was exactly the same as that of miR-29 and YAP. After inhibiting YAP, the expression level of PTEN showed an upward trend, while after overexpression of YAP, PTEN significantly decreased. This showed that there was a negative correlation between YAP and PTEN. 2.Regardless of how the YAP changes, the miR-29a still played a decisive role. Downstream PTEN was regulated by YAP and miR-29a, and miR-29a was centrally regulated by upstream YAP. These evidences had revealed that the regulation of PTEN by YAP was achieved through the regulation of miR-29a. Conclusion This study initially confirmed that YAP can achieve the expression of PTEN through the regulation of miR-29a, which provides a basis for the treatment of neuronal spinal cord injury.

[Key words] YAP; miR-29a; PTEN

最近的研究表明Hippo信號通路在调节动物器官与组织大小方面起到越来越重要的作用[1-2]。Yes相关蛋白作为哺乳动物Hippo通路最下游的效应器,它的磷酸化及抑制功能受到Hippo通路成分Lats因子的调节。

1  YAP上调了miR-29a的表达量并且下调了PTEN的表达

1.1  材料与方法

1.1.1  主要材料及仪器  小鼠来源神经瘤母细胞(购自上海中科院)。

1.1.2  实验方法  ①细胞培养及传代,RT-PCR(mRNA),Western Blot; ②过表达载体及干扰质粒的构建;③过表达载体合成于上海生工技术有限公司;④过表达质粒及干扰质粒转染N2a细胞。

1.2  结果

通过转染了过表达YAP质粒后,RT-PCR的结果显示miR-29家族中的3个成员miR-29a,miR-29b,miR-29c都明显上调了。其中miR-29a上调了最为明显。而同时抑制了YAP的细胞中,发现miR-29的表达量都明显下降。这说明YAP与miR-29的表达量之间是一种正相关的联系。如图1所示。

另外一方面,PTEN的表达量则正好与miR-29及YAP相反,在抑制了YAP后,PTEN的表达量呈现出明显的上升趋势,而过表达了YAP后,PTEN则明显下降。这说明YAP与PTEN之间是一种负相关的联系。如图2所示。

2  YAP对PTEN的调节作用是通过miR-29a来实现的

2.1  材料与方法

2.1.1  主要材料及仪器  YAP过表达N2a细胞,YAP低表达N2a细胞,正常N2a细胞。

2.1.2  实验方法  转染,Western-blot,PCR(同1.1.2)。

2.2  结果

为了研究YAP是直接调控PTEN,还是通过miR-29a来调控。在YAP KD的细胞中顺转了miR-29a mimic,同时在YAP OE的细胞中顺转了miR-29a inhibitor,通过蛋白表达分析,测出PTEN,p-AKT,AKT的表达量。在YAP OE的细胞系中,通过用miR-29a inhibitor抑制了miR-29a,然后发现PTEN的表达量明显升高,而p-AKT则是下降了,与此同时,AKT并无明显改变。而在YAP KD的细胞系中,miR-29a mimic则上调了miR-29a,PTEN的表达量是降低的,而p-AKT则上升了,同样的,AKT表达量并无明显改变。如图3所示。

3  讨论

在YAP过表达后处理后的细胞中,miR-29家族的表达是明显增加的,而其中miR-29a的表达量增加的最明显。而PTEN蛋白明显下降。从而揭示了YAP可以上调miR-29a,下调PTEN蛋白表达这一现象。为了确定YAP对PTEN的这种作用是否取决于miR-29a,该次采取了两步实验。鉴于PTEN蛋白在神经生长及分化方面的重要作用以及miR-29a与PTEN蛋白的关系做了一个蛋白分析和基因分析去测量PTEN的表达量。发现了YAP与PTEN之间的负相关联系。然后,又同时调节了miR-29a和YAP的表达量。在YAP 过表达细胞中下调miR-29a,在YAP 抑制细胞中上调miR-29a。通过测量miR-29a下游的基因PTEN。发现下调miR-29a能逆转YAP介导的PTEN的表达。不管YAP的改变如何,PTEN的表达取决于miR-29a的量。这些结果与miR-29a的改变是相同的。这说明,无论YAP的量改变如何,起到决定性作用的仍然还是miR-29a。为了进一步的研究发现miR-29a促进神经轴突生长是通过下调PTEN的表达及上调Akt的磷酸化。而该次的研究确实可以证明Yes相关蛋白能通过增加miR-29a的表达量来抑制PTEN蛋白。下游的PTEN受YAP及miR-29a调控,而其中miR-29a作为作用中枢又受到上游YAP的调控。这些证据都揭示了YAP对PTEN的调节作用是通过对miR-29a的调节来实现的。揭示了YAP是通过miR-29a来调控PTEN的表达。而PTEN蛋白(Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10)作为miR-29家族的一个作用靶点,是现在已知与神经细胞轴突生长息息相关的[6-8]。PTEN蛋白的抑制可以促进神经的生长与再生。从而为治疗神经脊髓损伤提供研究基础。

[参考文献]

[1]  Halder G ,Johnson RL. Hippo signaling: growth control and beyond[J]. Development, 2011, 138(1): 9-22.

[2]  Yu FX, Zhao B ,Guan KL. Hippo Pathway in Organ Size Control, Tissue Homeostasis, and Cancer[J].Cell, 2015, 163(4):811-828.

[3]  Hao Y, Chun A, Cheung K, et al. Tumor suppressor LATS1 is a negative regulator of oncogene YAP[J]. J Biol Chem, 2008, 283(9):5496-5509.

[4]  Zhang J, Smolen GA,Haber DA. Negative regulation of YAP by LATS1 underscores evolutionary conservation of the Drosophila Hippo pathway[J].Cancer Res, 2008, 68(8):2789-2794.

[5] Marti P, Stein C, Blumer T, et al.YAP promotes proliferation, chemoresistance, and angiogenesis in human cholangioc- arcinoma through TEAD transcription factors[J]. Hepatology, 2015,62(5):1497-1510.

[6]  Kong G, Zhang J, Zhang S, et al. Upregulated microRNA-29a by hepatitis B virus X protein enhances hepatoma cell migration by targeting PTEN in cell culture model[J].PLoS One, 2011, 6(5):e19518.

[7]  Lachyankar MB, Sultana N, Schonhoff CM, et al. A role for nuclear PTEN in neuronal differentiation[J].J Neurosci, 2000,20(4):1404-1413.

[8]  Li B,Sun H. MiR-26a promotes neurite outgrowth by repressing PTEN expression[J]. Mol Med Rep, 2013, 8(2):676-680.

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