大句型,巧应用
2018-11-29山东省临沂国际学校杨春吉
山东省临沂国际学校 杨春吉
it句型繁多,用法多样,在高考写作中使用很高,使用it句型可以增加表达的丰富性和地道性。阅卷教师视其为高级表达。
一、It+be+adj.+for/of+sb+to do sth
该句型意为“某人干某事是……的”。当该形容词是表示事物、事情的特点或特征(如necessary,important,strange,difficult,hard,probable,easy,impossible,useless,normal,abnormal,obvious,possible,likely等)时,用for;当该形容词是表示人的特点或特征(如 kind,good,nice,wise,weak,clever,silly,poor,strong,foolish,rude,careless,cruel,bad,brave,careful,grateful,unwise,wrong,stupid,polite,right,honest,impolite,dishonest等)时,用 of。
1.(2014重庆卷书面表达)就个人而言,他对待他人和生活的态度是完全错误的。
Personally,it is completely wrong_____him__________with such an attitude towards others and life.
2.(2014江苏卷书面表达)对他们而言,在汉语语境中,理解这些词汇并不难。
_____is not difficult_____them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.
3.(2014山东卷改编)我们很难想象古代世界奴隶的生活是怎样的。
It is difficult_____us__________what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
4.一个人做件好事并不难,难的是一辈子做好事。
It is not hard_____one__________a good deed,while it is difficult to do it all your life.
【注意】与其相关的句型还有
a.It+be+adj.+to do sth
该句型意为“干某事是……的”。
5.(2018浙江卷书面表达)毋庸置疑,完全依赖于消费排名是不明智的行为。
_____is no doubt that_____is unwise__________completely on ratings consumption.
6.(2018浙江卷书面表达)假若那样的话,根据消费排名买书是既方便又经济的。
In that case,it is convenient and economical__________books according to ratings.
7.(2018浙江卷书面表达)有必要对消费排名持客观的态度。
_____is necessary__________an objective attitude towards ratings.
b.It+be+n.(如a good idea/opportunity/one’s duty等)+to do sth
该句型意为“干某事是个好主意/机会/是某人的职责”。
8.(2018全国乙卷书面表达)这真是体验中国文化的一个好机会。
It is a really good opportunity__________Chinese culture.
9.(2015江苏卷书面表达)遵守交通规则使社会井然有序,并且将其纳入到正确的轨道上来是每个人的职责。
_____is everyone’s duty__________traffic regulations to keep our society in order and on the right track.
二、主语+动词+it+宾语补足语(通常是形容词或名词词组)+不定式/动名词/从句
在该句型中,it作形式宾语,其后的不定式、动名词、从句等是真正的宾语,常用于本句型的动词主要有think,find,feel,make和consider等。
10.(2017全国乙卷书面表达)我认为和你一起学习唐诗是很快乐的事情。
I think_____great fun__________the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.
11.(2015湖南卷改编)我觉得很愉快,老师在公开场合表扬了我,并且说我是个天资聪慧的学生。
I felt_____happy_____my teacher praised me in public,saying that I was an intelligent student.
12.(2014福建卷改编)正是文化,而不是语言,使他很难适应国外的新环境。
It was the culture,rather than the language,that_____it hard for him_______________the new environment abroad.
三、It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他
该句型是强调句型。当被强调的事情用现在时、完成时或将来时描述时,be动词用is;当被强调的事情用过去时描述时,be动词须用was。当强调“人”时,用that/who。强调其他成分一律用that。有时根据需要可以加用情态动词。该句型不可用来强调谓语、表语、让步状语,以及比较状语。
13.(2017天津卷改编)就是我刚回到公寓楼我才首次遇到我的新邻居。
__________when I got back to my apartment_____I first came across my new neighbors.
14.(2016天津卷改编)你等错了地方。就是在宾馆教练把游客们接上了车。
You are waiting at a wrong place.__________at the hotel_____the coach picked up the tourists.
15.(2015江苏卷书面表达)人们遵守交通规则很重要。
It is the people_____obey the rules that matters.
16.依我看来,可能就是在那次野餐中她丢失了新买的手表。
In my opinion,_______________during the picnic_____she lost her new watch.
四、it作形式主语的主语从句句型
a.It+be+形容词+主语从句
常用于该句型的形容词有necessary,essential,useless,important,good,right,natural,strange,proper,fortunate,better,probable,impossible,funny,surprising,obvious,correct和unnecessary等。
17.(2017浙江卷改编)在当今世界,大学生应该自主创业,这一点是很重要的。
Nowadays,it is important that a college student_____his own business.
18.很奇怪竟然没有人意识到这件事情的重要性。
It is strange that no one_____this matter’s importance.
b.It+be+过去分词+主语从句
常用于该句型的过去分词有said,thought,believed,reported,supposed,known,considered,imagined,guessed,decided,pointed,discussed,announced,estimated等。该句型意为“据说/认为/相信/报道……”。该句型可以转化为“People say/think/believe/report...+that从句”或“sb/sth is said/thought/believed/reported...to do sth”两种形式.
19.(2014北京卷改编)据报道,两个国家的会谈有所进展。
_______________that talks between the two countries are making progress.
20.(2014四川卷书面表达)众所周知,中国的高考在每年6月的7至8日。
检查宴收、提钱释放、酒精考验、白收起家、勤捞致富、择油录取、得财兼币、大力支吃、攻官小姐、繁荣娼盛、领导特色、人民政腐。
____________that the College Entrance Examination in China falls on June 7 and 8 each year.
c.It+be+过去分词(欲望类动词)+主语从句
该句型中常用的过去动词(表示主张、建议、请求、命令之类的词)有advised,suggested,desired,requested,required,proposed,ordered,demanded,recommended,insisted等,从句谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。
21.有人建议应该多喝开水。
It is advised that one__________plenty of boiled water.
22.有人建议推迟这个会议。
It is suggested that the meeting__________.
d.It+be+抽象名词+主语从句
常用于该句型的抽象名词有a pity,a shame,a fact,a question,a hope,an honor,good news,a/the case,a surprise,common knowledge,no wonder等。
23.(2018全国乙卷书面表达改编)带上一份礼物,比如一束鲜花,或者如果房东有小孩子时,带一盒巧克力,会是个好主意。
__________a good idea_____you should bring a gift such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates if they have young children.
24.(2018天津书面表达改编)我真诚地希望你能加入我们队,并且在大赛中展示你的才华。
__________my sincere hope_____you can join our team and show your talent in the event.
25.(2016江苏卷改编)通常情况下,对于抱有希望的人来说,任何事情都是可能的。
__________often the case_____anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
e.It’s widelyacknowledged/accepted+主语从句
该句型意为“这是公认的/普遍认为......”。
26.(2014福建卷改编)人们普遍认为应该在综合素质方面对学生进行评价。
____________________students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
27.人们普遍认为,上合组织青岛峰会进一步加深了成员国之间的沟通与合作。
_________________________the Qingdao summit of the SCO further deepen communication and cooperation among member states.
f.It+happens/follows/seems/appears/matters/occurs/worries/turns out/finds out等+主语从句
在本句型中,有时会在上述动词后加to sb。
28.(2018天津书面表达)我突然想起你以前在类似比赛中获奖的事情。
_________________________you once took a prize in a similar competition.
29.(2014重庆卷书面表达)不管是贵还是不贵,都不要紧。
_____doesn’t matter_____it is expensive or not.
五、It is/was+时间词组+when从句
该句型意为“当某事发生时,时间是在……”。此句型很容易和“It is/was+介词+时间词组+that+其他”的强调句型相混淆。区分的方法是:若时间词组前有介词,即为强调句型;若没有,即为it指时间的句型。
30.(2014江西卷改编)半夜里父亲把我叫醒看足球赛。
__________the middle of the night_____my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
31.就在每天早上八点整她去上班。
__________at eight o’clock sharp_____she goes to work every morning.
六、It/This/That+is/was/will be+the first/second/third/last...time+that从句
该句型意为“这/那是/将是某人第……次干某事了”。若主句谓语动词用is,从句谓语动词用现在完成时;若主句谓语动词用was,从句的谓语动词须用过去完成时;若主句谓语动词用will be,从句的谓语动词须用一般现在时表示将来。
32.这对外国夫妇告诉我们那是他们第二次参观长城。
The foreign couple told us__________the second time that they__________the Great Wall.
33.这将是他们第四次到新疆支援边疆建设。
_______________the fourth time that they_____the frontier in Xinjiang Province.
七、It/This/That is (was)+the best(worst/most...)+that引导的定语从句
该句型意为“这是/那是某人经历过的……中最……的了”。主句的谓语动词用is,从句的谓语动词须用现在完成时;主句的谓语动词用was,从句的谓语动词须用过去完成时。
34.(2015四川卷改编)安迪对她的玩具很满意,这是她买到的玩具中最好的。
Andy is content with the toy.It is the best that she_____ever_____.
35.这是那些年来他看过的最令人乏味的小说。
This was the most tiring novel that he__________for those years.
八、It is better to do sth
该句型意为“(你)最好……”,相当于You’d better do sth。
36.(2018天津卷书面表达改编)因此,你最好加入我们队以展示你的才华。
Therefore,____________________join our team and show your talent.
37.(2017全国丙卷书面表达改编)所以你最好利用这个机会加入我们的校队。
So_______________this opportunity to join our school team.
九、It has become a practice+for sb+to do sth
该句型意为“对某人而言,……已经成为一种惯例”。
38.(2018浙江书面表达)对一些人而言,对购买商品或促售服务的消费排名付费已经成为一种惯例。
It has become a common practice_____some__________for good ratings on their products or service so as to increase their sales.
39.到目前为止,用微信付费早已经成为中国人的惯例。
______________________________for the Chinese to pay for what they have bought through WeChat so far.
十、It is good/bad manners to do sth
该句型意为“……是礼貌/不礼貌的行为”。
40.(2018全国乙卷书面表达)首先,你最好按时到达,因为在中国,守时被认为是一种礼貌行为。
First of all,you’d better arrive on time because____________________to be punctual in China.
41.在国外,满口含着饭和别人说话是不礼貌的。
It is bad manners_______________others_____your mouth full of food in foreign countries.
42.(2018浙江卷书面表达)不可否认的是,如此的消费排名可能会给消费者带来便利,但也常常造成误导或是不可靠的。
_________________________such ratings might bring convenience to consumers but they are often misleading and unreliable.
43.从我家到我上班的公司有很远的路要走。
__________a long way from my home to the company where I work.
总之,it句型还有很多,但常用的为以上所述情形。根据高考语句所需进行“变式”表达,一句多译,灵活翻译,既避免重复,又显得句式练达,使行文跌宕起伏,富有层次感,有效提升了作文的写作档次。
牛刀小试
Ⅰ.用it句型及相关句型翻译下列句子。
44.我认为实现中国梦是每一位中国人的责任。
45.众所周知,世界贸易摩擦对任何一个国家都没有好处。
46.龙舟比赛是南方寒食节的传统习俗。
47.这部影片就是在我们村拍摄的。
48.正如谚语所说“入乡随俗”,了解中国习俗是每一个外国人所必备的常识。
49.你最好在学好专业课以外再修其他你喜欢的专业。毕竟,技不压身啊!
50.做交换生是学习外语的一个好机会。
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子。
51.在我看来,对于你来说参加更多的团队活动可能是一个好主意,这些活动有助于养成团队精神。
In my view,_____might be a good idea for you to take part in more team activities,_____is good for developing team spirit.
52.你在高考中犯这样的错误也太粗心了。
It is careless_____you to make such mistakes in the College Entrance Examination.
53.为了使你更容易与我们联系,你最好把这张卡片放在手边,以备不时之需。
To make_____easier to get in touch with us,_________________________to keep this card at hand and use it when in need.
54.那是我家第三次在新西兰过圣诞节。
It_____the third time that our family_____(spend)Christmas Day in New Zealand.
55.这部小说是这些年来他看过的最有趣的小说。It is the most interesting novel that he_____(read)for these years.
56.据报道中国正在建设另一艘航母。
_____is reported_____China has been building another aircraft carrier.
57.要求她后天就动身去上海。
It is required that she_____(leave)for Shanghai the day after tomorrow.
58.你没有必要为驾驶考试担忧。
There is no need_____you________________the driving test.