我只是一个充满热情的中国研究者

陈璐

参加考察调研浙江乡村振兴发展经验的埃及艾因·夏姆斯大学语言学院中文系教授穆赫辛·法尔加尼，是知名的汉学家、翻译家，曾于2013年获得第七届“中华图书特殊贡献奖”；2016年获得中国国家主席习近平颁发的“中国阿拉伯友好杰出贡献奖”。虽然诸多荣誉加身，但穆赫辛却有着更胜于常人的勤奋和谦逊。相比汉学家，他更愿意被看作一个希望向埃及乃至阿拉伯民众介绍中国文化的平凡译者、一个从事汉语教学的普通老师、一个因充满热情而孜孜以求的研究者。

一本游记结下中国情缘

上高中时，穆赫辛在家里发现了一本书，那是一位美国记者访问亚洲各地的游记阿译本，里面详细介绍了中国的历史、文化、古迹、风土人情，作者在北京马路上与百姓的对话，趣味十足。这些对中国的美好印象传递给穆赫辛，让他开始对中国产生兴趣，也促使他在考入艾因·夏姆斯大学后，毫不犹豫地选择了汉语专业。

1964年就开设中文系的艾因·夏姆斯大学是埃及最早开设中文系的高校，随后因故中断中文系招生，1977年，穆赫辛幸运地成为中文系重新恢复招生后的第一批埃及学生。大学期间，穆赫辛在图书馆读了很多有关中国的书，包括美国作家赛珍珠的《大地》、中国剧作家曹禺的《日出》等，并跟随来自北京语言学院（现北京语言大学）的中国老师认真学习。穆赫辛说，自己永远忘不了中国老师的悉心指导和帮助，尤其是一位叫杨石泉的老师，亦师亦父，对埃及学生关怀备至，正是受他影响，穆赫辛坚定了投身中埃文化交流的信念。

本科毕业后，穆赫辛又陆续获得硕士、博士学位，并到中国的北京、杭州等城市进修。他还一直留在母校艾因·夏姆斯大学“接棒”汉语教学工作，希望为埃及培养更多的汉语人才。

兢兢业业的翻译者

除了教学，穆赫辛还是埃及最高文化委员会翻译委员会成员、埃及国家翻译中心中文专家组成员、开罗中国文化中心阿拉伯翻译家与汉学家联谊会成员，在翻译工作上投入了大量精力。

热爱中国历史文化的他翻译了“四书”以及《老子》《战国策》《孙子兵法》《离骚》等众多中国典籍，还翻译了莫言的一些作品，为中国文化在埃及乃至阿拉伯世界的传播作出了重要贡献。

在翻译过程中，穆赫辛被中国古人的智慧深深折服。穆赫辛没有学过古代汉语，他是通过带注释的译本来进行古典作品翻译的，为此，他往往要看很多个版本的注释，以便形成完整印象。为了翻译出古文那种特有的韵味，他还读了大量阿拉伯早期诗歌，并作出更适合读者语言风格的调整。目前，穆赫辛与北京高校教授合作翻译的《诗经》，经过双方的反复沟通、审校，已经出版并得到读者的广泛认可。

莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖后，埃及有关机构与穆赫辛联系，希望他尽快翻译一些莫言的作品。在此之前，穆赫辛对中国现当代文学知之不多，学校图书馆中也难以找到莫言的作品。在中国驻埃及使馆文化处和开罗中国文化中心的支持下，他获得了莫言原著，并很快翻译出版了莫言的《牛》《梦境与杂种》《幽默与趣味》等作品。

为了让《牛》尽快与埃及读者见面，穆赫辛还专门找到埃及文化部下属的出版社。因为他认为，埃及政府的出版社定价会比较平民化，能够让更多埃及人认识和了解莫言。“莫言具有现代作家的智慧与审美眼光，他的作品把中国古典文学和现代文学的优点有机地结合在一起，极具可读性。”

通过翻译，穆赫辛和莫言产生了情感共鸣，也对中国当代文学产生了浓厚兴趣。据穆赫辛介绍，莫言的书在埃及销售得非常好。下一步，他打算把自己喜欢的阿来、苏童、马原等中国作家介绍给埃及读者。

推动建立“阿拉伯特色中国学”

穆赫辛对“一带一路”倡议关注已久。他认为，丝绸之路对阿拉伯国家而言不仅是商品交易和外交之路，同样也是知识和文化交流之桥。阿拉伯文化在古代为世界做出过突出贡献，但如今的地位却相对弱势，阿拉伯世界对中国也缺乏足够认识。“一帶一路”除了在政治、经济层面带来好处，还可作为一个文化活动的共享构想，让阿拉伯世界参与其中，为推动阿中文明交流对话创造新的契机、书写新的篇章。

也正因如此，穆赫辛致力于推动建立“阿拉伯特色中国学”。据他介绍，作为研究古代和当代中国文化的一门学科，阿拉伯世界需要形成这样一个具有学术特色的研究方法。

“‘传统汉学的缺陷在于它对当代中国的研究相对薄弱，不少研究评论具有滞后性、局限性和片面性，与快速发展和急剧变迁的当代中国现实存在一定的距离。”穆赫辛说，客观认识中国政治、经济和社会生活，有助于推动阿中关系友好发展，而“一带一路”倡议恰可为这一学科的建立提供平台和指导思想。

穆赫辛说，如今有越来越多的阿拉伯人开始对中国感兴趣，来中国留学的学生也越来越多。但他发现，很多人只是把汉语当作一种工具，对中国缺乏整体性的概念。应该设法让更多阿拉伯人尤其是阿拉伯研究生们掌握中国学的意义和认识中国的学术方法。

Mohsen Fergani， a celebrated Egyptian sinologist and translator， was among the international 25 sinologists， China scholars， and think tank experts visiting Zhejiang to take a closer look at the rural development of the province toward the end of July， 2018.

A lecturer of the Department of Chinese， Ain Shames University， Mohsen Fergani won the 7th Special Book Award of China in 2013. In 2016， he was a recipient of China-Arab Friendship Outstanding Contribution Award personally issued by Chinese President Xi Jinping. The modest and hardworking sinologist prefers considering himself as an ordinary translator who introduces Chinese culture to the Arab readers， a teacher of Chinese language， and a passionate researcher.

Ferganis initial interest in and curiosity about China occurred when he found a book about China at home. It was an Arabic translation of a travelogue about Asia authored by an American journalist. The journalist gave detailed introduction to Chinas history， culture， ancient sites， life and customs. The journalist also reported his random dialogues with pedestrians in the streets of Beijing. The young Fergani was deeply impressed with China. He chose to major Chinese at Ain Shames University after he graduated from high school.

The Department of Chinese at the university was set up in 1964. In 1977 the department resumed enrolling new students and Mohsen Fergani was among the first students matriculated that year. He worked hard to master the language and read a lot of books on China. One of the teachers at the department was Yang Shiquan from Beijing Languages Institute， the predecessor of the present-day Beijing Language and Culture University. Yang was like a father to Fergani.

The young scholar attained masters degree and doctoral degree in Chinese studies. He took advanced courses in Beijing and Hangzhou. Upon graduation， he became a teacher at his alma mater in the hope of cultivating new generations of sinologists.

Fergani is a member of Translation Committee， the Supreme Cultural Commission in Egypt and member of Chinese Expert Group of National Translation Center of Egypt. He loves the culture and history of China， especially the Chinese classical literature and has translated a great quantity of Chinese classical literature such as ， and ， making important contributions to the dissemination of Chinese culture in Egypt and Arab World.

In translating Chinese classics， Fergani conquered many problems. With little knowledge of ancient Chinese， he translated by reading footnotes and annotations of other translations. In order to avoid making mistakes and understand the classics better， he studied many editions carefully. In order to deliver the special charm of ancient Chinese language， he spent a lot of time reading ancient Arab poems and adjusted his translations accordingly so as to create a style that appeals to modern Arab readers. His latest translation of Chinese classics is ， which was compiled and edited by Confucius. The translation was a joint effort between him and professors in Beijing through many rounds of proofreading and communication. The Arabic edition of has been published and received good response from readers.

After Mo Yan became a Nobel laureate in 2012， Mohsen Fergani was approached by the cultural authorities of Egypt to translate Mo Yans works into the Arabic. With the assistance of the cultural department of Chinese Embassy in Egypt， he soon translated Mos books such as . Encouraged by the good sales of Mo Yans books， he plans to introduce his favorite Chinese writers such as Ah Lai， Su Tong and Ma Yuan to Egyptian readers.

Belt and Road Initiative

Mohsen Fergani has concerned himself with the BRI for a long while. For Arab countries， in his eyes， the Silk Road is more than trade and diplomacy. It is also about exchanges of knowledge and culture. In ancient times， Arab made outstanding contributions to the world， but today it is in a weakened position. Fergani doesnt think the Arab world knows China well. He believes the BRI can bring not only political and economic benefits but also cultural exchanges and cooperation.

He is now pushing for “sinology with Arabian characteristics”. According to the Egyptian sinologist， the traditional sinology is not equipped with rich knowledge of contemporary China. Many comments and analyses offered in the traditional sinology are outmoded， partial and biased. The traditional sinology seems divorced from the contemporary China which is featuring fast growth and bringing about fundamental changes. An objective understanding of Chinas politics， economy and society helps boost China-Arab friendship. The BRI provides a platform and guiding principles for advancing China studies.