韦斯特峡湾公园

ADEPT 建筑事务所

景观与建筑的融合

韦斯特峡湾公园（Vestre Fjord Park）是一个将建筑与自然景观融为一体的科普体验型公园，内部建筑结构简单却品质卓越，人们在这里可以全方位体验到丹麦奥尔堡里姆乔德（Limfjord）的独特景观。该公园于2017年夏季面向公众开放，其亮点在于景观化的设计与材料的独特使用。

在过去的70年里，韦斯特峡湾公园的所在之处有一个露天泳池。2009年，由于游客人数的不断增加，奥尔堡市政府希望对泳池进行大规模的翻新与扩建，并为此举办了一次竞赛—在165000m2的场地中展现出不同的景观，并设计一个建筑以容纳当地的水上运动协会。韦斯特峡湾公园的设计满足了大部分的竞赛要求，是甲方奥尔堡市政府、建筑师和使用者之间共同合作的结果。

1 韦斯特峡湾公园总平面图Master plan of Vestre Fjord Park

2 这座建筑恰好位于峡湾和内陆泳池的交界处The building is located exactly at the crossing between fjord and in-land pools

3 轴测图展示韦斯特峡湾公园的主要建筑理念Axonometric diagram showing the main principles of the Vestre Fjord Park building concept

4 剖切到了建筑的断面图Selected cross section throught the buildings

5 这栋建筑通过材料以及建筑形态融入周围环境The building blends into its surroundings with adaption to materials and the shape of the design

多样的景观特色

里姆乔德拥有丹麦最大的峡湾景观，这为韦斯特峡湾公园带来了巨大的发展潜力。韦斯特峡湾公园是一个集峡湾景观、户外活动和绿色空间于一体的地方。在这里，人们可以探索“真实的”自然—水域、鸟类、鱼类、田野、沙滩和草地。与此同时，各种各样的户外活动设施也为人们提供了感受自然与城市的新体验。

韦斯特峡湾公园注重自然景观特色、规划功能、全新“滨水空间”布局以及使用者需求之间微妙的平衡。公园通过创造陆地与海洋间的游览路径使人们得以与海峡亲密接触，同时，多功能建筑也为多样的滨水活动提供了场所。

韦斯特峡湾公园既是一种建筑，又是一种景观，设计基于一个简单而强大的建筑理念—简洁抽象而功能丰富。公园划分为几个较小的景观区域，每个区域都有着独特的景观特征。公园北部的主体建筑在保证未对沿海自然环境造成污染的基础上，为运动协会提供了场地与设施—沙滩、水域、露天泳池及跳水弹板。公园的西部和南部区域是森林和湿地，被茂密的植被所包围，与东部开阔的楔形平原区域形成了对比。

公园内的建筑物在朝向海峡的高强度混凝土垫座的保护下，得以免受洪水的侵袭，同时面向游泳池的建筑物基础有所抬高。所有的建筑物外表面由宽度不等的杉木板构成，所有的台阶、跳板和漫步道均由更坚固、更耐用的格木（Tali Wood）制成。

自然环境“免费”为该公园提供了丰富景观，所以该项目的主要挑战实际上不是建造过程本身和其中遇到的障碍，而是能否通过设计重新定义公园，突出它的特征，让它真正成为一个标志性地景。幸运的是，这座公园已经获得了游客乃至奥尔堡这座城市的认可，收到了十分良好的使用反馈。

丰富的水上活动

两片水域之间、内陆盆地和峡湾之间的分割线即为北部地峡景观，它将景观和建筑结构相融合。多功能建筑作为漫步道的一个组成部分，所有的路径都通向这里。

除了丰富的水上活动之外，韦斯特峡湾公园还包含多种运动与户外休闲活动。通过活动设施和运动协会的设置，ADEPT建筑事务所营造了一个多功能的开放型公园以鼓励游客积极参与其中。公园中布置了天然游乐场、“泰山足迹”、球类运动场和自行车道等设施，甚至专门设置了一片安全区域供人们在海峡中游泳。除游泳和水上游戏之外，人们还可以参与水上跑酷、皮划艇和铁人三项比赛等活动。

各个小型独立建筑通过屋顶景观连接在一起，屋顶空间为人们提供了各类功能场地和活动设施。在这组建筑里，最西边展示着峡湾地区多样的自然栖息地环境，作为当地的“自然科普导览”空间。两个垂钓者协会与奥尔堡峡湾花园等共享同一个空间。当地的潜水俱乐部拥有一栋独立的建筑，内设冬泳协会，通过一个半私人的码头与陆地上的桑拿房及更衣室相连接。

内部泳池的周围配备救生员工作空间和公共更衣室。除上述设施之外，还有一个小咖啡厅专门为游客提供茶点。

屋顶景观造就了这栋建筑

屋顶结构空间除了作为这片水域活动的看台之外，还布置了一个游乐场，包括蹦床、滑梯和一个部分表面镀膜的攀爬网，可供人跳跃、奔跑。

屋顶的其他部分被郁郁葱葱的绿色植物覆盖，这使得它从很多角度上来看仿佛是自然栖息地的一部分。剩余的表面用木材覆盖，使得建筑结构与漫步道无缝衔接。

除了部分屋顶之外，公园的大部分区域均向公众开放。

材料

建筑和景观中天然材料的使用和“精妙”的细节处理，创造出了一个近自然的公园。

6 不同高度的跳板跳水是日常活动的一部分Spring board diving is part of the daily activities, both high and low

7 水池为各种水上运动提供场所The pools are a space for all sorts of water related sports

8 划分内陆水池空间的桥梁The bridge dividing the in-land pools

9 充满活力的屋顶景观为公园增添生机与趣味The active roof scape add an extra layer of life and play to the park

10 屋顶下颇具戏剧性的美丽光影The quite dramatics paces under the roof creates a beautiful play of light and shadow

11 可供人跳跃和攀爬的网—空中游乐场Nets for jumping and crawling — a playground in the air

12 游乐场地和台阶的结合Hybrid of playground and stairs

13 公园中的所有路径都通向海峡和主体建筑All paths of the park leads to the isthmus and the build structure

14 屋顶景观和地面景观通过屋顶绿化和台阶进行连接Green roof and stairs connects the roof scape and the ground

15 屋顶绿化的细节Detail from green roof

所有解决策略的提出和设施材料的选择，都源于尽量削弱工程对环境影响的考虑。木材是一种舒适、可亲近的自然材料，且尺度宜人，因此被作为整个公园和内部建筑的主要材料。公园的细节处理展示着活动设施与美学表达方式的多样性结合。所有用于构筑物外表面和漫步道的木材都经过认证。经过时间的推移和峡湾周围气候条件的变化，木材还会随之产生一些微妙的变化。

历史与演变

韦斯特峡湾公园的所在地曾经缺少休闲功能与元素，场地不具美感、空间感以及连贯性，这与其周边独特的环境条件相悖。

项目甲方奥尔堡市政府希望将韦斯特峡湾公园作为该地区增强城市特征的新契机，通过完善露天游泳设施使得公园在美学和功能上与周围的绿色环境本底相得益彰，在增强韦斯特峡湾公园景观体验的同时，将沙滩、水域等各种自然元素与多样的活动相结合，创造一个集聚多种功能的现代公园。

在韦斯特峡湾公园的设计过程中，大量的公园使用者参与其中。

近日，韦斯特峡湾公园凭借其景观与建筑的完美融合，被授予为奥尔堡市最佳新建筑之一。

项目位置：丹麦奥尔堡

建成时间：2017年

建筑事务所：ADEPT建筑事务所

项目面积：建筑2000m2，景观15.5hm2

客户方：奥尔堡市政府

合作方：GHB景观设计公司，奥本肯咨询公司，尼若斯工程咨询公司，COWI咨询公司，雷克曼迪雷特公司

图片来源：雷斯慕斯霍特斯工作室

翻译：冯玮

校对：张希

A hybrid between landscape and building

Vestre Fjord Park is a recreational learning and experience landscape—a hybrid between building and natural landscape—that with a simple high—quality architectural structure contributes to the full experience of the unique site by the Limfjord in Aalborg, Denmark. The park opened in the summer of 2017 and is fully accessible to the public. The new attraction has a strong identity born from a ‘landscapely’ approach to the design and a strong material character.

For the last 70 years, there has been an open air pool where Vestre Fjord Park is today. In 2009 the client, Aalborg Municipality, faced that the bath needed an extensive renovation as well as a physical extension due to a growing number of visitors. A competition was issued for the extension —a 165,000 m2area of differentiated landscape character as well as a build structure that was to house the local water sports associations.Most of these have been involved in the process of designing Vestre Fjord Park and the completed project thus is a result of the collaboration between client, architects and users.

Diverse landscape characters

The Limfjord itself, the largest fjord landscape in Denmark, is the grand potential of Vestre Fjord Park. Here one finds ‘real’ nature–water, bird life,fish, fields, beach and meadows – that together with a wide variety of physical activities and outdoor facilities create the setting for new experiences close to both nature and the city. Vestre Fjord Park is the place where the experiences of fjord,activities and park truly become one.

It is the balance between the natural landscape,the planned functions, the new ‘water spaces’and the users that really adds life and character to Vestre Fjord Park. The vision is to encourage a direct contact to the fjord by establishing better accessibility from land to sea. At the same time, the project aim to strengthen the story of the landscape with a multi-functional building structure that frames the potential activities of the water.

Vestre Fjord Park is both building and landscape and based on a simple yet strong architectural concept —sculptural but functional. The park is divided into several smaller landscape areas, each with their own identity and character. The isthmus to the North with the building structure, its facilities for sports associations and its unspoiled nature along the fjord; the beach embracing the open air swimming area with sand, water and spring board diving. The Woods and the Wetlands to the west and south with its dense vegetation that close around themselves as a contrast to the open areas of the Wedge and the Plain to the east.

16 一处滑梯连接了屋顶景观和地面A slide connects roof scape and ground

The buildings in the park are protected from flooding by a high concrete socket towards the fjord and are somewhat elevated towards the pools.All the buildings have facades made from cedar in boards of varying widths. All stairs, gangways and promenades are made from the somewhat stronger and more durable Tali wood.

The natural landscape setting gave a lot to the project ‘for free’, so the main challenges of the project were actually not the building process itself or those obstacles that one eventually meet during such a process. The real challenge was the question of whether the design would manage to give the park a new identity, underlining it and framing it enough to really make it a place. Luckily, both the frequent users,random visitors and the city has taken it to their hearts already and the feedback is fantastic.

A multitude of water related activities

The precise cut between the two water areas,the inner basin and the fjord itself, defines the northern isthmus, binding together landscape and built structure. The multi-functional building structure is seemingly an integrated part of the promenade, all paths clearly leading here.

18 坡道和台阶为游客提供亲水空间Ramps and stairs provide access for everyone to the water

19 从泳池到峡湾的视线通廊Visual connections from the pools to the fjord

Vestre Fjord Park invites you to engage yourself in physical activities and outdoor living beyond the water related activities. Gathering facilities and associations at Vestre Fjord Park ADEPT have created a versatile and open atmosphere meant to inspire its visitors. Besides swimming and water games, visitors and users can participate in water parkour, kayak polo and triathlon. There is even a secured area for swimming in the fjord. In the park, one can furthermore find a nature playground, a ‘Tarzan track’, fields for ball games and a cycling track.

The small individual buildings bound together by the roof-scape provides spaces and facilities for a large variety of functions. In the buildings farthest to the west are the spaces for the local Nature Guides, bene fitting from the varied natural habitat of the fjord. Two anglers associations share spaces with Aalborg Fjord Gardens, etc. The local diving club has its own building as well as have the winter bathers association, the later complimented with a semi-private jetty in connection to the sauna and locker rooms on land.

Surrounding the inner pools are spaces for lifeguards and public changing rooms. In addition to the facilities above, a small café offers refreshments to visitors.

The roof-scape makes the building

Besides acting as seating for the basin activities, the roof structure offers a build—in playground with trampolines, a slide and a climbing net along with a partly coated surface for jumping,running etc.

Other parts of the roof is covered in lush greenery that from several perspectives makes it appear as simply a part of the natural habitat.Remaining surfaces are clad in wood making the build structure blend seamlessly with the promenade.

Most areas of the park is accessible to all,even if parts of the roof is not.

20 公园于夜晚点亮灯光，既渲染了氛围，又提高了安全性The park is subtly lit at night to provide a lot atmosphere, yet a safe passage

21 水面上的安静时刻A quiet moment on the water

22 韦斯特峡湾公园为多项活动提供了空间。简单的建筑结构为多样的活动提供遮荫、淋浴设施、更衣室、储藏室等场地Vestre Fjord Park makes space for a multitude of activities. The simple building elements supports the activities offering shelter, shower facilities, locker rooms, storage and more

Materials

Natural materials and ‘honest’ details in both building and landscape are chosen to create a homogenous balance to nature’s own colours and surfaces.

All solutions and products are chosen with thoughts to a minimal impact on the environment.Wood is the dominating material throughout the park and buildings. It matches the human scale present everywhere as well as acts as a soft and approachable material. Detailing shows a great variation in the aesthetic expression that embraces the many activities offered in the park. All wood used for facades, promenades etc. is certified. In time it will in time change subtly due to the exposure to the climate conditions and weather around the fjord.

History and process

Vestre Fjord Park is built on a site that formerly held several related non-recreative functions and elements, placed at odds with its unique surroundings. The area was dominated by a lack of aesthetics, spatial structure and coherence.

The client, Aalborg Municipality, had a vision of Vestre Fjord Park as the catalyst of a new strong identity in the area through embracing the Open Air Swimming facilities in a physical, aesthetic and functional unity with its green surroundings.While strengthening the experience of the landscape qualities, Vestre Fjord Park was to create a contemporary and multi-functional park and build structure to include a multitude of different activities related to beach, water, nature and other kinds of physical activities.

The design was developed through an intensive user involvement.

Vestre Fjord Park was recently honoured among the best new architecture in Aalborg for its elegant relation between landscape and building.

Location:Aalborg, Denmark

Completion Year: 2017

Architect:ADEPT

Size:2,000m2building, 15.5hm2landscape

Client:Aalborg Municipality

Collaborators:GHB Landskab, Orbicon, Niras, COWI,Rekommanderet

Photo credits:Rasmus Hjortshøj_Coast Studio

Translator:FENG Wei

Proofreader:ZHANG Xi